Acculturation and Depressive Symptoms Among Dominicans in New York City

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health - Little is known about the association between acculturation and mental health among Dominican populations in the United States. Data came from a community...     

Suicidal Ideation Among Drug-Dependent Treatment-Seeking Inner-City Pregnant Women

The current retrospective study compared the psychiatric and lifestyle characteristics of two groups of treatment-seeking pregnant, opiate and/or cocaine dependent women admitted to the Center for Addiction and Pregnancy (CAP). Women reporting past and/or current suicidal ideation (SI) (46%; n = 35) were compared to women who did not report thoughts of suicidal ideation (NSI) (54%; n = 41). SI women were more likely to be homeless (p = .020), to report histories of emotional (p = .022), physical (p < 001), sexual abuse (p = .002) and psychiatric treatment (p < .001), and less likely to be married (p = .024) than NSI women. Psychiatrically, SI women were more likely to have co-morbid current and lifetime disorders than NSI women. These findings highlight the need to identify women with histories of suicidal ideation, recognize the potential relapse risk imposed by emotional distress, and confront these issues in treatment.     

中学生自杀意念及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中学生自杀意念的发生率,探讨其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取某市4所中学的1294名中学生,利用美国疾病控制中心（CDC）青少年危险行为监测问卷的部分条目和心理健康诊断测验（MHT）等进行匿名问卷调查。结果 中学生自杀意念的报告率为18.39%,女性自杀意念的报告率显著高于男性,有自杀意念的中学生心理健康水平低;多元逐步回归分析的结果显示患有慢性病、母亲的职业是“文卫科技”人员（参照组为工人）、冲动倾向、过去1月饮酒的天数、学习焦虑倾向、过去7d玩电子游戏（包括网络游戏）的时间、对人焦虑倾向是中学生产生自杀意念的危险因素。结论 中学生自杀意念发生率较高,应根据其影响因素给予相应的干预。     

Correlates of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt Among Female Sex Workers in China

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt among female sex workers (FSWs) in China. A cross-sectional survey was administered among 454 FSWs in a rural county of Guangxi, China. About 14% of FSWs had thought of suicide and 8% had attempted suicide in the past 6 months. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that those FSWs who were dissatisfied with life, abused alcohol, were deceived or forced into commercial sex, and had stable sexual partners were more likely to report suicidal ideation. Female sex workers who had multiple stable partners, experienced sexual coercion, and worried about an inability to make enough money were more likely to report a suicide attempt. These FSWs who entered commercial sex because of financial needs or who were influenced by the peers were less likely to report a suicide attempt. Our data suggested that the rates of suicidal ideation and attempts were high among FSWs in China, and there were multiple factors associated with their suicidality. Future health education and promotion efforts among FSWs need to take into consideration substance abuse, interpartner conflict, and psychological stress.     

Helmet Use Among Cyclists in New York City

Lack of helmet use while bicycling can have deleterious effects on health. Despite evidence that helmets can greatly reduce the risk of head injury, the prevalence of helmet use among riders, including those in urban bicycle-share programs, has been shown to be very low. Building upon the authors’ previous work, this study’s aim was to assess prevalence of helmet use among cyclists riding on widely used New York City (NYC) bike lanes. Across a 2-month period, cyclists were filmed in five NYC locations with bike lanes. Filming took place at two separate time periods (recreation and commute) at each location. Helmet use was coded for each cyclist. A total of 1,921 riders were observed across 10 h. Overall, half (50.0 %) of all riders were observed wearing a helmet. Rates of using a helmet were consistent across all five locations. In addition, only 21.7 % of Citi Bike users and 15.3 % of other bicycle rentals were observed wearing helmets while cycling. The prevalence of helmet use was significantly higher among males than females (z = 4.48, p < .001). Cyclists observed during the recreational time period were also less likely than those observed during the commuting time period to be wearing a helmet (z = 7.17, p < .001). The results of this study contribute to the growing literature about cyclist helmet use in urban areas.     

广州市中小学生自杀意念及影响因素研究

目的了解广州市中小学生自杀意念的发生情况及影响因素,为预防中小学生自杀提供依据。方法采用统一调查表,应用分层整群抽样的方法调查广州市8所中学和8所小学学生7 527名,通过多因素Logistic回归模型筛选自杀意念的危险因素。结果广州市中小学生自杀意念发生率为14.5%。多因素分析显示,自杀意念的影响因素为性别、学生类型、健康状况、因病缺勤、吸烟、饮酒、被恐吓或伤害、轻微自伤行为和伤心绝望。结论自杀意念在中小学生中较为常见。应加强综合干预措施,防止自杀行为的发生。     

大学生自杀意念的相关因素研究

目的探讨影响大学生自杀意念的因素,为采取早期干预提供依据.方法采用自拟大学生自杀意念影响因素量表,调查武汉市某高校在校大学生479人.结果大学生自杀意念发生率为13.8%;有过自杀/自伤行为、抑郁、焦虑及神经质等心理问题对大学生自杀意念的产生有显著影响.结论对有过自杀/自伤行为的大学生应给予更多的关注.加强对大学生情绪方面的辅导,防止抑郁情绪的产生;积极开展心理咨询、心理讲座等,促进大学生人格的健康发展,是预防自杀的关键.     

云南省中学生自杀意念现状及其影响因素研究

目的了解云南省中学生自杀意念的发生率,初步探讨其影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,在云南省昆明、丽江和永平3个地区随机抽取20所中学(其中6所是完中)共3233名学生作为研究对象,采用统一的问卷进行调查。运用单因素卡方检验和非条件Logistic回归进行统计分析。结果在过去12个月里,14.23%的中学生曾认真想过自杀,女性自杀意念的报告率显著高于男性。不同城市、年级以及是否是独生子女的学生之间自杀意念报告率的差别有统计学意义。自杀意念的危险因素包括父母亲的管教方式,父亲的文化程度是自杀意念的保护因素。结论中学生自杀意念的报告率较高。应联合学校、家庭和社会根据其影响因素给予相应的干预。     

Family Factors Contribute to General Anxiety Disorder and Suicidal Ideation Among Latina Americans

PurposeDespite a rapidly growing Latina/o American population, little is known about modifiable factors that could protect Latinas against major psychiatric disorders. The present study explored psychosocial risk (Negative Interaction) and protective factors (Family Cohesion, Social Support, Religious Involvement, Racial and Ethnic Identity) for major depressive disorder (MDD), general anxiety disorder (GAD), and suicidal ideation (SI) among Latinas participating in the first national mental health epidemiological survey of Latina Americans.MethodWe conducted three sets of logistic regressions, predicting outcomes for 1,427 Latinas identified in the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), the first nationally representative, epidemiological study of Latino and Asian Americans living in the United States. These analyses followed preplanned steps: Model 1 used known predictors as controls and Model 2 added psychosocial risk and predictive factors beyond the known predictors.ResultsFor each outcome examined, psychosocial risk and protective factors produced a significantly better model fit in Model 2 than sociodemographic and acculturation variables known to predict mental health outcomes in Model 1. Negative Interactions were associated with increased likelihood of GAD and SI, whereas Family Cohesion seemed to be protective against GAD. No psychosocial factors predicted MDD.ConclusionsDifferential protective and risk factors for major psychiatric disorders suggest that assessment and intervention may need certain sex-specific components in order to improve health care and prevention for Latinas.     

父母教养方式与中学生自杀意念的相关研究

目的探索父母教养方式与中学生自杀意念之间的相关性,为青少年自杀干预研究提供依据.方法对成都市市区中学生采取多级抽样法,对抽取的中学生1 421名使用自编一般调查问卷、Beck抑郁问卷(BDI)、父母教养方式问卷(EMBU)进行评估.结果来自单亲家庭的被试有较高的自杀意念检出率.有自杀意念组被试较少地体验来自父母的情感温暖和理解,较多地受到父母惩罚、严厉、拒绝、否认、过干涉、过保护等不良教养方式影响.母亲教养方式对不同性别中学生影响较大,其中母亲情感温暖和理解作为保护因素是非常重要的.异性家长的过干涉是自杀意念的危险因素.结论不良父母教养方式是自杀意念的危险因素,家长应给予子女更多的情感温暖和理解,以减少自杀意念等心理问题的发生,增进青少年身心健康.     

Relationship between Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Attitude of Depression Patients

目的 探讨抑郁症患者自杀态度与自杀意念的关系.方法 采用自杀态度问卷( QSA)和Beck自杀意念量表中文版(BSI-CV)对334名抑郁症住院患者进行调查.结果 抑郁症患者自杀态度的4个因子均分都在2.5～3.5之间;其与自杀意念强度、自杀危险程度呈一定负相关关系(P＜0.05);结构方程模型拟合表明,自杀态度通过自杀意念强度影响自杀危险程度(近1周:x2=2870.04,P＜0.05,NNFI=0.88,CFI=0.89;最消沉抑郁时:x2=1599.41,P＜0.05,NNFI=0.94,CFI=0.95);在“近1周”和“最消沉”2个时间段,自杀态度对自杀危险程度的间接影响作用分别为0.308和0.410,P＜0.05.结论 自杀态度通过自杀意念强度对自杀危险产生影响.     

江苏省中学生自杀意念发生情况及其影响因素

目的了解中学生自杀意念的发生情况及其影响因素,为中学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取江苏省初中学生2 625名和高中学生2 495名进行问卷调查。结果中学生自杀意念报告率为15.35%,自杀意念的产生与年龄、性别、地区有关。多元回归分析显示,可能的危险因素为父亲文化程度高、与父亲交流时间少、家庭成员关系不融洽、自觉学习上有压力、认为父母在学习上施加压力、饮酒、使用过成瘾性药物等。结论江苏省中学生自杀意念报告率较高,应引起社会与家庭的高度重视,积极采取相应措施加以干预。     

School Absence Among Children with Chronic Illness

This paper reports school attendance for 336 chronically ill, Medicaid-eligible children living in rural areas of northern Florida. Demographic data were obtained by a questionnaire administered in a home interview. Attendance data were collected directly from the schools. The mean number of days absent the previous year was 16.9; the mean percentage of days absent was 9.4%. Regression analysis indicated that lower education level of parents and the child's inability to participate in physical activities were significant in predicting days missed from school. No individual diagnostic category was predictive of school absence. Thus, the chronicity of an illness and its impact on the child may be a more significant influence on school attendance than the actual diagnosis of the illness.     

Association Between School Engagement and Disclosure of Suicidal Ideation to Adults Among Latino Adolescents

We examined associations between Latino adolescents' school engagement and their likelihood of disclosing suicidal ideation (SI) to adults and of asking for help for SI. A first set of analyses was conducted on a total sample of 14 high schools, and a second set of analyses was conducted on 8 "Latino-representative" high schools. The criterion for Latino representation was that ≥10?% of the school's total student population was Latino. Across all 14 high schools, 17?% (110/663) of Latino students reported SI in the past year, compared to 13?% (359/2,740) of non-Hispanic White students and 11?% (78/719) of African American students. Of Latino students with SI, 24?% (26/110) told an adult and 35?% (38/110) sought help. In the 8 Latino-representative schools, higher levels of reported school engagement were associated with a greater likelihood of seeking help (OR?=?6.17) and disclosure of SI to an adult (OR?=?7.64) for Latino males. For Latinas, however, school engagement was not associated with either disclosure of SI to an adult or seeking help. Additional research is needed to clarify the processes, including social connectedness, that contribute to the disclosure of and help-seeking for SI among Latino adolescents.     

Relationship Between Current Sleep Duration and Past Suicidal Ideation or Attempt Among Korean Adolescents

Objectives

To comprehensively examine the relationship between current sleep duration and past suicidal idea or attempt among Korean adolescents.

Methods

Data came from the 2009 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey with 75 066 participants (with the participation rate of 97.6%) in 800 middle and high schools. Binary logistic regression was conducted by gender and depressed mood to identify significant factors for suicidal ideation/attempt. The dependent variable was the log odds of suicidal ideation/attempt, while the independent/control variables were sleep duration and other demographic, socio-economic and health-related factors.

Results

A negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation or attempt was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in Korea for Year 2009. The odds ratio of suicidal ideation/attempt regarding less than 4 hours of sleep compared to 6 to 7 hours of sleep, was smaller in a group with depressed mood than in a group without such experience, for example, 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 2.08) vs. 2.06 (95% CI, 1.34 to 3.17) for men''s suicidal ideation, 2.50 (95% CI, 1.69 to 3.69) vs. 3.89 (95% CI, 1.74 to 8.66) for men''s suicidal attempt. A negative association between age (or self-rated health) and suicidal ideation/attempt was also weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in the nation for the year.

Conclusions

There was a negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation/attempt in Korea for Year 2009 and this association was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience. Based on the findings of this study, adolescents'' better mental health and longer, more comfortable sleep might help to prevent their suicidal ideation and attempt in Korea.     

Diet,Physical Activity,and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Older Chinese Americans Living in New York City

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US and affects Chinese Americans disproportionately compared to other ethnic groups in the American population. However, few studies have examined CVD risk factors, including diet and physical activity, in Chinese Americans. This investigation used a cross-sectional design to evaluate the dietary intake, dietary supplement use, and physical activity of 125 older Chinese Americans aged 50–98 years, and to determine how these behaviors may be related to obesity and other CVD risk factors. Sociodemographic information, CVD risk factors, dietary intake, and physical activity were obtained from all participants recruited from health fairs conducted in New York City (NYC). The findings revealed that older Chinese American adults living in NYC had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, borderline hypertension, pre-diabetes, and diabetes. Many participants did not meet their daily requirements calcium, potassium, folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, several minerals and vitamins important for cardiovascular health. Although most participants consumed an adequate numbers of servings of foods from the main food groups, most did not meet the recommended number of servings of dairy foods and only one in four adults took a multivitamin supplement daily. After adjusting for potential confounders, daily consumption of oil/sweets and dairy foods was positively associated with waist circumference. Also, daily consumption of oils/sweets, meats, and grains was positively associated with systolic blood pressure. The majority of the participants reported at least 30 min of moderate intensity physical activity per day. Dietary intake or supplement use did not show protective effects but performing vigorous physical activity may reduce risk of CVD in this population.     

Body Weight Perception, Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors, and Suicidal Ideation Among Korean Adolescents

BACKGROUND: This study examined the mediating function of body weight perception (BWP) in the relation between body mass index (BMI) and unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs; eg, fasting, using diet pills, or laxatives), and between BMI and suicidal ideation. It also explored the correlation between exposure to multiple UWCBs and suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents.
METHODS: Data on BMI, BWP, UWCBs, and suicidal ideation were obtained from the 2006 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, a school-based survey conducted on a nationally representative sample of students in grades 7–12 (36,463 boys and 33,433 girls). Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS: BMI was significantly associated with both UWCB and suicidal ideation among boys and girls, even after controlling for covariates. However, the significance and magnitude of the association between BMI and UWCB were considerably attenuated when BWP was added to the model. When BWP was included, the association between overweight BMI status and suicidal ideation became nonsignificant in both sexes, whereas the association between underweight BMI status and suicidal ideation remained significant among boys. Adolescent boys and girls engaging in multiple UWCBs were at greater risk for experiencing suicidal thoughts.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that BWP represents a potential mediator between BMI and UWCB, and between BMI and suicidal ideation among both boys and girls. Thus, school programs addressing issues related to BWP should be developed and targeted at adolescents to reduce the potential risks for both UWCB and suicidal behavior.