微波处理肝癌切除断面对术后肿瘤复发的影响

目的探讨微波处理肝癌切除断面对患者术后肝功能恢复和术后肿瘤复发和生存率的影响。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月86例肝癌行肝切除肿瘤切缘<1 cm患者的临床资料,其中42例患者在肝切除创面常规处理后加用微波烧灼(微波组),另44例肝切除断面仅常规处理(常规组)。应用SPSS 18.0软件进行分析,两组术中术后各相关指标用( ±s)表示,采用独立t检验;并发症发生率采用四格表χ²检验;生存曲线采用Kaplan－Meier法绘制,组间比较采用Log－rank检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果两组患者术中平均失血量,输红细胞的量,肿瘤是否有包膜,侵犯血管的情况,手术方式,术后肝功能恢复以及术后并发症等方面均无明显差异(P>0.05);微波组与常规组患者1、3和5年总生存率分别为88.0%、61.4%、23.9%和86.1%、45.9%、19.2% (χ²＝1.27, P＝0.26);微波组与常规组患者1、3和5年无瘤生存率分别为68.4%、35.6%、18.5%和50.4%、22.4%、7.6% (χ²＝5.13, P＝0.02);微波组与常规组术后6个月、1年和3年累积复发率分别为6.2%、28.1%、56.2和11.4%、34.6%、83.3% (χ²＝4.14, P＝0.04)。 结论肝癌术中应用微波处理<1 cm的肿瘤切缘不影响术后肝功能恢复,可以降低术后肿瘤复发率及提高患者无瘤生存率等方面有积极的临床意义,具有临床应用价值。     

胃十二指肠溃疡患者的微创手术修补效果研究

目的探讨胃十二指肠溃疡患者的微创手术修补效果。 方法前瞻性研究2014年3月至2017年3月106例胃十二指肠溃疡患者不同手术方法效果,根据数字表法随机将患者分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,每组53例。采用SPSS 15.0软件进行统计分析,两组患者术中术后各项指标及疼痛评分的比较采用( ±s)表示,组间比较采用独立t检验;两组的近远期并发症发生率、复发率比较采用χ²检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。 结果腹腔镜组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后1天、术后3天的疼痛评分及术中芬太尼用量均低于开腹组,差异具有统计学意义;腹腔镜组患者的术后近期并发症发生率3.8%低于开腹组18.9%(χ²＝5.957, P＝0.015),术后1年远期并发症发生率3.8%也低于开腹组24.5%(χ²＝9.308, P＝0.002),差异均具有统计学意义;开腹组1年内胃十二指肠溃疡复发7例,复发率为13.2%,腹腔镜组1年内胃十二指肠溃疡复发1例,复发率1.9%,两组患者的胃十二指肠溃疡复发率的差异具有统计学意义(χ²＝4.821, P＝0.028)。 结论微创腹腔镜疗法应用于胃十二指肠溃疡患者的治疗可以缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,降低术后和远期并发症,减少术后疼痛,值得临床推广。     

初次全髋关节置换术后髋关节疼痛发生影响因素分析

目的探讨初次人工全髋关节置换术后中重度髋关节疼痛发生影响因素分析。 方法选择2015年1月至2017年9月在四川省巴中骨科医院初次接受全髋关节置换术的完整成年患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析。翻修手术、长期慢性疼痛、合并恶性肿瘤、精神疾病等情况的病例排除在外。记录患者的性别、年龄、身体质量指数、合并症、置换类型、术前评估、术中指标和术后并发症发生情况等资料。采用单因素和多因素Logistic分析观察患者术后中重髋关节疼痛的发生率及上述资料与髋关节中重度疼痛发生的相关性。 结果共有476例(476例髋)患者纳入研究,中重度疼痛发生率为9.66%。单因素分析显示,置换部位、疾病类型、高血压、吸烟、饮酒不是影响初次髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛发生的危险因素(P>0.05);性别(χ²＝6.145)、年龄(χ²＝7.847)、身体质量指数(χ²＝14.704)、髋关节活动时间(χ²＝8.043)、糖尿病(χ²＝10.356)、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级(χ²＝10.654)、入路方式(χ²＝6.746)、假体类型(χ²＝5.917)、手术时间(χ²＝5.024)、下肢深静脉血栓(χ²＝11.145)、术后C反应蛋白(CRP)值(χ²＝7.494)是影响初次髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,身体质量指数≥28 kg/m²[OR＝3.224,95%CI (2.059,8.159)]、下肢深静脉血栓[OR ＝6.902,95%CI (4.574,13.589)]是影响全髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的独立危险因素(P<0.05),年龄≥60岁[OR ＝0.718,95%CI (0.611,0.829)]、关节活动时间>2 d [OR ＝0.624,95%CI(0.417,0.852)]是全髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的保护性因素(P<0.05)。 结论初次人工全髋关节置换术后中重度髋关节发生是多因素综合作用的结果,临床应综合考虑这些因素,以降低全髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的发生。     

高体重指数对食管癌根治术后早期并发症的影响

目的探讨高体重指数(BMI)对食管癌根治术后早期并发症的影响。 方法回顾性分析福建医科大学附属协和医院胸外科2014年1月至2015年12月间收治的228例行胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除＋胸腹二野淋巴结清扫＋胃代食管(经食管床)左颈机械吻合＋空肠造瘘术的胸段食管癌患者,剔除术前接受过辅助放化疗、术前低白蛋白血症(白蛋白浓度≤35 g/L)、合并心肺基础疾病、轻BMI(BMI<18.5 kg/m²)患者,最终收集符合标准的151例患者的相关资料。将151例胸段食管癌患者分为正常BMI组和高BMI组,其中正常BMI组(18.5kg/m²≤BMI<24kg/m²)92例,高BMI组(BMI≥24 kg/m²)59例,比较两组患者术后并发症的发生率。 结果高BMI组患者的术后食管吻合口瘘和肺部并发症发生率均显著高于正常BMI组,差异有统计学意义(23.7% vs 7.6%,χ²＝7.80,P<0.01;84.7% vs 68.5%,χ²＝5.05,P<0.05);但两组间切口感染、心脏并发症和乳糜胸的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²＝0.12,χ²＝0.48,χ²＝0.23,均P<0.05)。 结论高BMI患者较正常BMI患者易发生吻合口瘘和肺炎,可根据患者术前BMI指导食管癌根治术后早期并发症的临床治疗。     

胃袖状切除加空肠旁路术在肥胖症的初步应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胃袖状切除联合空肠旁路术(sleeve gastrectomy plus jejunal bypass,LSG＋JJB)在治疗肥胖症中的初步应用。 方法回顾性分析2014年10月至2016年6月在中山市小榄人民医院接受减重代谢手术治疗的33例肥胖症患者的资料,根据接受手术方式的不同将患者分为腹腔镜胃袖状切除术(laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,LSG)组、腹腔镜Roux－en－Y胃旁路术(laparoscopic Roux－en－Y gastric bypass,LRYGB)组及LSG＋JJB组：LSG组10例,其中男性1例,女性9例,年龄(35.2 ± 12.6)岁;LRYGB组13例,其中男性5例,女性8例,年龄(39.6 ± 8.8)岁;LSG＋JJB组10例,其中男性7例,女性3例,年龄(32.1 ± 7.9)岁。 结果术后1个月,LSG＋JJB组患者的体质量指数减少量和多余体质量下降百分比(percentage of excess weight loss, EWL%)分别为(5.0 ± 1.2)kg/m²和(54.7 ± 28.4)%,明显高于LSG组的(2.8 ± 1.9)kg/m²和(44.0 ± 22.2)%(t＝2.658 1,P＝0.007 764)。术后3个月,LSG＋JJB组患者的体质量指数减少量和EWL%分别为(8.6 ± 2.0)kg/m² 和(37.9 ± 27.6)%,高于LRYGB组的(6.8 ± 2.0)kg/m²和(31.7 ± 15.1)%(t＝1.858, P＝0.039)。 结论LSG＋JJB相对操作难度不高,简单易行,具有良好的减肥和改善肥胖相关合并症的作用,短期疗效显著,但长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

两种腹腔镜代谢手术方法治疗超级肥胖患者30例分析

目的探讨两种代谢手术治疗超级肥胖的疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2011年3月至2017年11月30例超级肥胖患者的临床资料和随访资料。根据手术方式不同,分为腹腔镜袖状胃切除术组(LSG,9例)和腹腔镜Roux－en－Y胃旁路术组(LRYGB,21例)。数据采用SPSS21.0统计分析,术前术后各项指标、额外体重减轻百分比(%EWL)用( ±s)表示,独立t检验;术后早期及远期并发症、代谢合并症的改善情况使用χ²检验;P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果30例患者均成功完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹。两组患者在术后6个月内%EWL上升明显,之后上升缓慢。LSG组少于LRYGB组(P<0.01),提示LRYGB组的短期减重疗效优于LSG组。LSG组1例患者术后第2天出现胃切缘出血,再次手术修补。LRYGB组1例患者术后6个月出现脱发和骨质疏松,两组术后早期及远期并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论两种代谢手术治疗超级肥胖及其合并症短期内安全有效。     

ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌不同亚组的预后研究

目的探讨ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)不同亚组的预后因素。 方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2013年12月间在福建医科大学附属协和医院胸外科接受手术切除的138例ⅠB期NSCLC患者的临床和随访资料。基于国际抗癌联盟(UICC)第七版肺癌分期,再根据肿瘤大小和脏层胸膜受侵情况,将患者细分为3组。ⅠB-a组：肿瘤直径≤3cm且脏层胸膜受侵;ⅠB-b组：3cm<肿瘤直径≤5cm且无脏层胸膜受侵;ⅠB-c组：3cm<肿瘤最大径≤5cm且脏层胸膜受侵。运用Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Cox比例风险模型,对影响NSCLC预后的因素进行分析。 结果ⅠB期NSCLC患者3年总体生存率为88.1%,其中ⅠB-a组75例,ⅠB-b组32例,ⅠB-c组31例,3年生存率分别为92.0%、90.6%和74.1%,3组生存率比较差异有统计学意义(χ²＝6.784,P＝0.034)。单因素分析显示,无论患者的性别(χ²＝0.103,P＝0.567)、年龄(χ²＝2.463,P＝0.117)、手术切除方式(χ²＝0.809,P＝0.368)、是否接受术后辅助化疗(χ²＝0.077,P＝0.791),还是肿瘤的位置(χ²＝0.091,P＝0.674)、脏层胸膜是否受侵犯(χ²＝0.085,P＝0.771)均无统计学意义,而肿瘤大小(χ²＝13.937,P＝0.007)和分化程度(χ²＝21.198,P＝0.000)均有统计学意义。进一步多因素分析显示,只有肿瘤低分化(RR＝0.027,95%CI为0.065～0.666,P＝0.003)和中分化(RR＝1.627,95%CI为1.020～2.597,P＝0.008)有统计学意义。 结论ⅠB期NSCLC不同亚组的3年生存率存在统计学差异,TNM分期对ⅠB期的定义可能仍有待改进。肿瘤大小及分化程度是影响患者3年生存率的重要因素,肿瘤中低分化是影响患者3年生存率的独立因素,而术后辅助化疗无影响,该结论有待进一步证实。     

老龄髋关节置换术不同手术时机术后谵妄发生率的研究

目的研究老龄患者髋关节置换术,手术时机不同对其术后谵妄发生率的影响。 方法选择2013年2月至2017年2月在佛山市顺德区第二人民医院骨科,拟行髋关节置换手术的65岁以上患者83例,按手术方式分全髋关节置换(THR,39例)和股骨头置换(FHR,44例);采用随机数字表法患者按手术时机分为48 h后手术(C组)及48 h内手术(T组),最后分为THR-C组(25例)、THR-T组(14例)、FHR-C组(21例)、FHR-T组(23例)共4个研究组。均采用椎管内麻醉方式完成麻醉和手术。记录术前(T_p)、术中(T₀)、术后1～3 d(T₁～T₃)生命体征指标,包括心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、指脉搏氧饱和度(SpO₂),记录患者各时点疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS);应用谵妄评估量表中文修订版(CAM-CR)对患者在各时点谵妄情况进行评估,记录各时点谵妄发生例数。对计数资料和正态分布的计量资料采用卡方检验,非正态分布的数据采用秩和检验。 结果术前各组患者均处于中重度疼痛(VAS为6～8),血压偏高(MAP 110～99 mmHg)(VAS：H＝201.22;MAP：F＝576.348,P<0.05)。术后3 d谵妄发生率：48 h内手术治疗者发生率低于48 h后手术者(THR-C vs THR-T：χ²＝4.92;FHR-C vs. FHR-T：χ²＝7.58,均为P<0.05),FHR者低于THR者(THR-C vs THR-T：χ²＝4.27,P<0.05),其中THR-C组发生率最高,达56.0%,FHR-C组最低13.0%(χ²＝7.877,P<0.05)。48 h内行手术治疗者住院天数较对照组48 h后手术者明显短(THR-C vs THR-T：F＝6.892;FHR-C vs FHR-T：F＝127.489,P<0.05),其中FHR-T组住院天数最短,为(14.8±7.6)d(F＝214.086,P<0.05)。术中及术后各指标明显改善(VAS：H＝201.22,MAP：F＝576.348,P<0.05)。 结论不同手术时机影响老龄髋关节置换术患者术后谵妄发生率,48 h内手术治疗能明显降低术后谵妄发生,缩短住院时间。     

食管鳞癌组织中miR-148a的表达及其临床意义

目的检测食管鳞癌组织中miR-148a的表达水平,探讨miR-148a表达与患者临床病理指标及预后的相关性。 方法收集2009年1至12月在山东大学齐鲁医院胸外科行食管癌切除加系统性淋巴结清扫的75例食管鳞癌患者的肿瘤组织标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测miR-148a的表达。应用SPSS 18.0软件建立数据库并进行统计分析。χ²检验分析miR-148a表达与患者临床病理指标之间的关系;Kaplan-Meier法绘制患者的生存曲线,Log-rank检验比较患者的生存差别,Cox回归多因素分析判定独立的预后因素。 结果有32例患者肿瘤组织中miR-148a为低表达,miR-148a的低表达率为42.7%(32/75),与肿瘤浸润深度(χ²＝8.149,P＝0.017)、淋巴结转移(χ²＝4.151,P＝0.042)及病理分期(χ²＝6.474,P＝0.039)显著相关。患者术后3年的总生存率为70.7%。单因素生存分析结果显示,miR-148a低表达患者的术后3年总生存率显著低于miR-148a高表达患者(53.1%和83.7%,χ²＝9.136,P＝0.003)。Cox多因素回归分析结果显示,肿瘤浸润深度(95%CI为1.015～2.799,P＝0.044)及淋巴结转移(95%CI为1.285～4.796,P＝0.007)分别是判定患者术后3年总生存率的独立预后因素。 结论miR-148a在食管鳞癌组织中存在异常低表达,并与肿瘤进展及患者的不良预后密切相关;miR-148a可作为预测食管鳞癌进展和判定患者不良预后的参考指标。     

胃袖状切除手术切缘的处理

正顾岩(上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院普外科)目前,胃袖状切除术(SG)已成为全球开展最多的减重术式,上海地区2018年该术式所占比例达94%。尽管实施相对简单,但其术后并发症,尤其是包括术后出血与胃漏在内的手术切缘相关并发症,仍是很难处理的问题,甚至危及病人生命。虽然尚未形成统一的共识,但术中对手术切缘进行加固处理已为多数减重外科医师所采用,如直接或包埋缝合、切割时采用材料加固、生物胶喷涂以及组织夹闭合等方式均被用于切缘的处理,但具体加固方式的选择因人而异,目前在有经验的减重代谢外科团队术后出血与漏的发生率均已1%。笔者团队在国内最早开展了日     

The use of bioabsorbable seamguard during laparoscopic appendectomy

The laparoscopic approach to appendectomy for acute appendicitis is becoming increasingly favored among surgeons. Endoscopic stapling remains a common approach for division of the appendix and mesoappendix, but staple line bleeding along the mesentery is commonly observed, occasionally demanding surgical control for complete hemostasis. Bioabsorbable seamguard was used as an adjunct to endoscopic stapling of the mesoappendix in 33 consecutive adult patients during laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis, with complete immediate staple line hemostasis observed by the operative surgeon in all cases. There were no intraoperative complications and no late infectious intra-abdominal complications. There were no postoperative bleeding complications. Bioabsorbable seamguard is a safe and effective adjunct to endoscopic mesoappendiceal stapling which prevents intraoperative and postoperative staple line bleeding.     

Mechanical vascular division in lung resection.

BACKGROUND: There is little information available regarding the relative advantage of stapling over ligation for major pulmonary vessels in lung resection. The thin and fragile structure of pulmonary vascular walls for their large luminal size might have made surgeons reluctant to use staplers. This study was intended to demonstrate the feasibility of pulmonary vascular division by staplers. METHODS: A total of 842 mechanical vascular divisions were performed for pulmonary artery (PA, n=376), pulmonary vein (PV, n=462), and azygos vein (AV, n=4) in 603 consecutive pulmonary resections from 1997 to 1999 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. In this series, 99.8% of mechanical vascular divisions were performed with endostaplers (840 vessels), and only 0.2% was performed with conventional TA-type staplers (two vessels). The prevalence of problems related to mechanical stapling (stapling failure) and postoperative bleeding was studied retrospectively. RESULTS: There was only one incidence of stapling failure, in which the superior pulmonary vein was divided without the formation of staples (overall stapling failure rate, 0.1%). The bleeding was controlled by ligation of each divided stump during thoracotomy. There was no stapling failure for PAs or AVs. In no case did postoperative bleeding require rethoracotomy at the stapled line of the vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Although temporary oozing was sometimes seen along the staple line, vascular division with endostaplers was highly reliable with only a 0.1% incidence of stapling failure for all kinds of vascular structures in the thorax.     

Effects of the time interval between clamping and linear stapling for resection of porcine small intestine

Background Although a wait of several seconds after clamping is recommended when an automatic stapler is used to achieve adequate hemostasis, this wait has not been experimentally clarified. Methods To determine whether waiting is necessary between clamping and firing of a linear stapler, this study evaluated the number of staple line bleeding points and histologic changes in stapling sites of porcine small intestine (n = 46). It also assessed the ratio of dry to wet tissue weight (DW ratio) (n = 20) of porcine small intestine clamped between the prongs of a linear stapler. The sites were studied separately as follows: no wait with a four-row device (n = 12), no wait with a six-row device (n = 11), wait with a four-row device (n = 12), and wait with a six-row device (n = 11). The linear stapler was fired immediately after clamping in the no wait group and 1 min after clamping in the wait group. Results The mean number of staple line bleeding points in 2 to 5 min with the six-row device and in 3 to 5 min with the four-row device after firing were significantly less in the wait group than in the no wait group using the same device (p < 0.05). Cross sections of staple lines showed a higher frequency of mucosal cutting in the no wait group than in the wait group for both the four-row and the six-row devices (both significant at p < 0.01). Although the mean wet tissue weights of anastomotic sites did not change in either group, the mean DW ratio was significantly less in the wait group than in the no wait group (p < 0.01). Conclusions A 1-min interval after clamping decreases the amount of clamped tissue. Waiting may thus be necessary to reduce bleeding from stapling sites, which may be related to a decrease in mucosal cutting.     

Associations between home blood pressure and mortality in peritoneal dialysis

Objective To investigate the association between the home blood pressure (BP) and morality in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods PD patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 1, 2008 to June 30, 2016 were studied. Over the first 6 months PD therapy, systolic SB (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) averaged as 5 (＜120 to≥150 mmHg in 10 mmHg increments) and 4 (＜70 to≥90 mmHg in 10 mmHg increments) categories, respectively, as well as continuous measures. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality were assessed by using Cox regression models adjusted for demographics, laboratory measurements, comorbid conditions and antihypertensive medications. The relationships between home BP and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were assessed by restricted cubic spline regression model. Results A total of 1663 PD patients were included with a median follow-up of 29.9 months, in which 737 patients (44.3%) were female. The SBP and DBP were (135.2±15.8) mmHg and (83.1±10.5) mmHg, respectively. Two hundred and twenty-one PD patients died during the study period, of which 102 patients (46.2%) died of cardiac-cerebral vascular events. With 130≤SBP＜140 mmHg as a refernece, SBP≥150 mmHg (HR=1.83, 95%CI 1.19-2.82, P=0.005) and SBP＜120 mmHg (HR=2.05, 95%CI 1.29-3.27, P＜0.001) were associated with significantly higher risks of all-cause morality, but not cardiovascular morality. With 80≤DBP＜90 mmHg as a refernece, patients with DBP≥90 mmHg exhibited significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality (HR=1.80, 95%CI 1.21-2.68, P=0.009). SBP presented a U-shaped association with all-cause mortality. DBP presented a J-shaped association with all-cause mortality. Conclusions Higher SBP, lower SBP and higher DBP are associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality in PD patients. However, neither SBP nor DBP is observed statistically significant relationship with the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Further prospective and randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal BP targets and improve the management of hypertension in PD patients.     

Increased staple loading pressures and reduced staple heights in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy reduce intraoperative bleeding

BackgroundIn laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, tissue thickness and closed staple height of the staple cartridge determine the pressure applied to the tissue. Prior studies have suggested 8 g/mm² to be ideal to minimize leaks or bleeding.MethodsWe evaluated the relationship between staple loading pressure applied to gastric tissue and bleeding rate prospectively with a novel tissue measuring device and video-recorded operative findings for 116 patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy performed by 2 surgeons at a single institution. Stapling protocol 1 was used for 64 cases, defined as standard practice, typically using green-blue-blue-blue Ethicon staple cartridges. Stapling protocol 2 was defined as blue-blue-white-white or gold-blue-white-white.ResultsTissue thickness measurements from 39 cases and staple load selection showed that surgeons preferred a median staple loading pressure of 15 g/mm². Tissue thickness measurements at 15 g/mm² had a mean of 1.86 mm at the antrum, 1.71 mm at the body, and 1.15 mm at the fundus, all significantly thinner than tissue thickness at 8 g/mm². For each 10 g/mm² increase in minimum pressure and maximum pressure value within each cartridge zone, there was a reduction in bleeding rate by 59.8% and 38.7%, respectively. Compared with stapling protocol 1, stapling protocol 2 had a lower intraoperative bleeding rate (90.2% vs 70.7%; P < .0001), usage of preventive hemostatic techniques (100% vs 10%; P < .0001), and hemostatic treatments (66% vs 46%; P = .04). In the 30-day postoperative period, there was 1 bleed in stapling protocol 1; there were no leaks.ConclusionOur data suggest using shorter closed staple heights to exert higher staple loading pressures decreases intraoperative bleeding rates in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.     

肝下下腔静脉阻断技术在机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用效果

目的探讨肝下下腔静脉阻断技术在机器人肝切除术中的可行性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2015年2月至2017年12月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院肝脏外科中心采用机器人行肝切除术治疗的24例患者资料,根据术中控制低中心静脉压的方式不同分为肝下下腔静脉阻断组(8例)和低中心静脉压组(16例)。肝下下腔静脉阻断组男性6例,女性2例,年龄49岁(范围:20~56岁);低中心静脉压组男性15例,女性1例,年龄53岁(范围:38~69岁)。通过t检验、非参数检验、χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法比较两组患者的术中出血量、肝门阻断时间、输血量、术中血流动力学变化及术后并发症、肝肾功能变化等。结果肝下下腔静脉阻断组的术中出血量[M(QR)]为200(220)ml(范围:100~400 ml),低于低中心静脉压组的750(800)ml(范围:100~2000 ml)(Z=-2.169,P=0.030)。肝下下腔静脉阻断组第一肝门阻断时间为24(18)min,肝下下腔静脉阻断时间为29(20)min,低中心静脉压组第一肝门阻断时间为23(23)min,两组第一肝门阻断时间的差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.323,P=0.747)。肝下下腔静脉阻断组无术中输血病例,低中心静脉压组术中输血5例,输血量1.5(1.5)U,两组输血量的差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.353,P=0.001)。术中阻断肝下下腔静脉后,患者平均动脉压由(88.6±4.9)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(67.4±3.8)mmHg,低于低中心静脉压组的(72.4±3.3)mmHg(t=2.315,P=0.003)。两组患者的术后并发症及肝肾功能变化的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论在机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除术中,可通过肝下下腔静脉阻断技术控制患者的中心静脉压,操作简单,对患者的肝肾功能无明显影响。     

Comparative use of different techniques for leak and bleeding prevention during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A multicenter study

BackgroundLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an approved primary procedure for morbid obesity, but it is associated with serious complications, such as staple line leaks and bleeding. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of staple line reinforcement (SLR) in reducing leaks and bleeding after LSG.MethodsA total of 1162 patients underwent LSG (305 males, 857 females). The mean age was 43.7 years and the mean body mass index was 48 kg/m². The patients were divided into 6 groups based on the type of SLR, including a no-SLR control group, with evaluation of leaking and bleeding risk and correlation of patients’ characteristics with complications.ResultsA total of 189 patients underwent LSG without reinforcement. The SLR method was oversewing in 476 patients, bovine pericardium in 312, synthetic polyester in 76, glycolide/trimethylene copolymer in 63, and thrombin matrix in 46. The overall leak frequency was 2.8%; higher with synthetic polyester (7.8%), 4.8% with no reinforcement, and lower with bovine pericardium strips (.3%; P<.01). Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 35 patients (3%), with a higher frequency being observed without SLR (13.7%; P = .02). Only diabetes was a risk-factor for a leak (P< .01).ConclusionSLR with bovine pericardium strips significantly reduced the leak risk. Postoperative bleeding was significantly lower with all SLR-methods, although there was no significant difference among the various techniques. Patients with type II diabetes had a higher risk of staple line leak after LSG. Further randomized, controlled studies are needed to improve our understanding of the efficacy of SLR during LSG.     

Reinforcing the Staple Line During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Does It Have Advantages? A Meta-analysis

Background

This study aims to identify whether reinforcing the staple line during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has advantages.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE (PubMed; till August 2011), EMBASE (till August 2011), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) in the Cochrane Library (till August 2011) using common keywords related to sleeve gastrectomy and reinforcement. The keywords were as follows: ??sleeve gastrectomy?? and ??reinforcement,?? or ??reinforcing,?? or ??reinforce,?? or ??leak,?? or ??leakage,?? or ??staple,?? or ??stapling,?? or ??oversew,?? or ??oversewing,?? or ??oversewed.?? The language of publication was limited to English only.

Results

Of the 358 articles meeting our initial criteria, eight full texts (two randomized control trial [RCT] and six cohort studies), involving 1,345 participants (828 patient cases and 517 controls) were included in the final analysis. Comparing the reinforcement of the staple line to no reinforcement of the staple line, the odds ratio (OR) for overall complications was 0.521 (95?% confidence intervals [CI], 0.349?C0.777). In addition, the OR for staple line leak was 0.425 (95?% CI, 0.226?C0.799) and for staple line hemorrhage was 0.559 (95?% CI, 0.247?C1.266).

Conclusion

The current study showed that reinforcing the staple line during LSG has the following advantages: decreased incidence of postoperative leak and overall complications. More prospective studies with better evidence are needed.     

Randomized clinical trial of stapled hemorrhoidectomy vs open with Ligasure for prolapsed piles

Background The aim of the study was to compare the results in 95 patients randomly allocated to undergo either stapled or open hemorrhoidectomy using Ligasure.Methods Ninety-five patients with grade III and IV hemorrhoids were randomly allocated to undergo either stapled (50 patients) or open using Ligasure (45 patients). Stapled hemorrhoidectomy was performed with the use of a circular stapling device. Open hemorrhoidectomy was accomplished according to the Milligan-Morgan technique by using Ligasure. Postoperative pain was assessed by means of a visual analog scale (VAS). Recovery evaluation included return to pain-free defecation and normal activities. A 6-month clinical follow-up and an 18 (12-24) month median telephone follow-up were obtained in all patients.Results Operation time for open hemorrhoidectomy using Ligasure was shorter [median 13 (range 9.2-16.1) min vs 15 (range 8-17) minutes, p < 0.05]. Median range of VAS score in the stapled group were significantly lower [VAS score after 8 h: 3 (2-6) vs 5 (3-8), p < 0.01; VAS score after first defecation: 5 (3-8) vs 7 (3-9), p < 0.001. The stapled hemorrhoidectomy was associated with an increased incidence of intraoperative bleeding in 18 cases (36%) vs four cases (8.8%) of the Ligasure group. There were three cases (6%) from the stapled group with recurrence of the hemorrhoids and none from the open technique.Conclusions Hemorrhoidectomy with a circular stapler device is easy to perform, but one more line of clips must be added to the device to avoid intraoperative bleeding from the cut line. Hemorrhoidectomy performed using Ligasure is more painful postoperatively but is a more radical operation.     

Intraoperative hemostasis and wound healing in intestinal anastomoses using the ILA stapling device

Intraoperative hemostasis and wound healing of 24 side-to-side intestinal anastomoses constructed with the ILA stapling device were studied in 12 dogs by comparing the ILA-32 and ILA-52 staple cartridges. Hemostasis was evaluated by intraoperative measurement of blood loss and bleeding time at the staple line. There was no statistically significant difference in mean blood loss (p greater than 0.05) or mean bleeding time (p greater than 0.10) between the two cartridges. Wound healing was studied using bursting strength measurements and silicone rubber casting of the microvasculature at the staple line. At 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks postoperatively, there was no significant difference between bursting strength values achieved with the two cartridges. Microscopic examination revealed that wound healing in the ILA-52 anastomoses lagged behind healing in the ILA-32 anastomoses at each postoperative time period studied. The silicone rubber casting study showed a paucity of microvasculature at the healing staple line with the ILA-52 cartridge as compared with the ILA-32 cartridge. Our findings suggest that the ILA-52 cartridge does not offer significantly improved intraoperative hemostasis over the ILA-32 cartridge and may affect the microvasculature at the staple line in a way that delays wound healing.