非干扰性排尿期尿道造影录像与尿流率同步测定诊断膀胱出口梗阻

目的：探讨排尿期尿道造影录像与尿流率同步测定，对诊断膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的意义。方法：对有无前列腺增生两组各30例患者分别进行非干扰性动态排尿期尿道造影录像与尿流率同步测定。两组采用改良的尿道阻力因子列线图判明BOO与非BOO。结果：30例前列腺增生组中26例诊断BOO，4例诊断可疑B00；30例非前列腺增生组均诊断非BOO.结论：动态排尿期尿道造影录像与尿流率同步测定对于诊断BOO是一种较好的、非干扰性的复合式尿动力学检测方法。     

膀胱出口梗阻无创性诊断方法的研究进展

良性前列腺增生（BPH）、尿道狭窄等导致的膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）是泌尿外科老年男性常见疾病,梗阻后常导致膀胱组织结构及功能改变,造成不可逆转的功能障碍。早期诊断,尽早去除梗阻,保护膀胱功能是诊治BOO的重要途径。目前对于BOO以及梗阻导致的储尿——排尿功能障碍的诊断主要依赖于尿流动力学检查,因其检查专业性强、检查过程繁琐、费时、有创操作的缺点,限制了其在基层医院开展。随着超声技术的发展,应用超声测量膀胱壁及逼尿肌厚度、估测膀胱重量、前列腺突入程度等方法很大程度上补充了对下尿路储尿——排尿功能障碍的评估。本文对BOO无创检查方法进行综述,探讨其在临床上的应用价值。     

前列腺增生梗阻程度与尿道形态的相关性分析

目的探讨良性前列腺增生症梗阻程度与尿道形态之间的关系。方法回顾性分析2018年9月至2020年9月于云南省第二人民医院就诊的86例前列腺增大患者的临床资料。所有患者完成CT排泄性膀胱尿道造影扫描,将扫描图像导入minics生成三维图像,选取排尿期间尿道体积及截面最大的一组图像并进行尿道测量,同期尿动力学检查并计算膀胱出口梗阻指数(AG值),数据对AG值进行多元线性回归分析。结果多元线性回归分析结果显示前列腺后叶厚度及尿道长度是AG值的独立影响因素,其标准化系数分别为0.615及0.293。结论前列腺增生导致的尿道变形与梗阻程度及症状严重程度相关,前列腺后叶厚度是前列腺增生梗阻程度最重要的影响因素。     

静态尿道压力测量在诊断BPH所致膀胱出口梗阻中的作用

目的　探讨静态尿道测压 (UPP)在诊断BPH致膀胱出口梗阻 (BOO)中的作用。方法　 5 1例BPH患者行尿动力学检查 ,经压力 -流率测定其中 42例诊断为BOO ,设为梗阻组 ,另 9例为非梗阻对照 ,比较两组UPP及B超检查的各项指标 ,并行有关的相关分析。结果　 ( 1)UPP测定的前列腺长度与B超测定的前列腺体积呈显著正相关 ( r =0 .91,P <0 .0 5 )。 ( 2 )除最大尿道闭合压外 ,梗阻组的平均膀胱颈压、前列腺长度、控尿区面积及前列腺体积显著大于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 ( 3 )前列腺体积与IPSS评分、梗阻程度之间不存在相关关系。结论　UPP检查主要反映BPH所致后尿道结构和前列腺体积的改变 ,对BPH的治疗有一定指导意义 ,但在诊断膀胱出口梗阻方面的价值不大。     

女性膀胱颈纤维化导致膀胱出口梗阻的诊治（附22例报告）

目的报告女性膀胱颈纤维化导致膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）的诊断治疗体会。方法膀胱颈纤维化导致BOO女性病例22例，经尿流动力学及膀胱镜检确诊，均行经尿道膀胱颈部分切除术，并联合药物治疗。结果随访2～15个月，排尿情况均有改善，最大尿流率〉15mL／s，国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）5．2±1．6。病理报告显示所有病例膀胱颈组织纤维增生，其中合并慢性炎症改变10例。结论根据临床症状、尿流动力学检查及膀胱镜检可以明确诊断膀胱颈纤维化导致的BOO，经尿道膀胱颈部分切除术可以取得良好的治疗效果。     

腔内手术治疗高危前列腺增生的临床研究

目的：探讨解除高危前列腺增生（BPH）患者膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）症状安全有效的手术方法。方法：采用经尿道前列腺气化电切上通道成形术、经尿道前列腺气化电切下通道成形术、经尿道前列腺乙醇注射消融术（TEAP）等腔内手术方法治疗BPH患者311例。结果：本组手术时间短，平均25.8min；术中出血不多，无死亡病例；近期排尿顺畅，18个月抽样随访，最大尿流率（Qmax)平均为14.8ml/s。结论：经尿道前列腺气化电切上、下通道成形术、TEAP是解除高危BPH患者BOO症状的一种腔内手术方法，其手术操作简易、微创，安全有效。     

膀胱出口梗阻指数在评估良性前列腺增生症膀胱出口梗阻中的应用

目的 探讨膀胱出口梗阻指数(BOON)在评估前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)中的意义.方法 对临床有下尿路症状,怀疑存在因前列腺增生症(BPH)导致膀胱出口梗阻的76例患者,测定前列腺体积(经直肠),最大自由尿流率(Qmax)和平均排尿量,通过公式计算BOON=前列腺体积(cm3)-3×Qmax(ml/s)-0.2×平均排尿量(ml).同时对患者进行压力.流率测定,计算AG值和Schafer梗阻级别,与BOON对照,分析利用BOON评估膀胱出口梗阻的准确性.结果 将本组患者年龄、前列腺体积、最大尿流率、残余尿量及BOON值,以AG作为因变量,同AG进行多元线性回归分析.整体回归方程中R=0.542(P=0.000),其中BOON值同AG值相关性最强(P=0.000).18例BOON值>-10,此时利用BOON判断BOO的敏感性为31%,特异性为100%,取BOON>-20时,敏感性为42.4%,特异性为88.2%;取BOON>-30时,敏感性为66.1%,特异性为82.4%;而取BOON>-40时,敏感性为77.9%,其特异性为64.7%.取BOON值-30作为分界点,在不明显降低特异性的同时,能够更敏感的判断BOO,BOON数值越大,利用BOON判断膀胱出口梗阻的特异性越高.结论 通过测定前列腺体积,最大自由尿流率(Qmax)和平均排尿量计算膀胱出口梗阻指数,取BOON>-30为分界点,是预测前列腺增生症是否存在膀胱出口梗阻的一种简易、无创方法,具有较好的特异性和敏感性.     

经直肠超声测量前列腺被膜支动脉阻力指数在良性前列腺增生梗阻中的应用

良性前列腺增生症(BPH)是引起中老年男性排尿障碍的最常见原因.目前,BPH患者膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的诊断主要依赖有创的尿流动力学检查.为了寻找创伤小、并发症少的诊断方法,我们通过比较BPH患者前列腺被膜支动脉阻力指数(RI)与尿流动力学参数间的关系,旨在确定前列腺被膜支动脉RI在BOO诊断和评估中的作用.     

经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术治疗BPH的Meta分析

目的:用Meta分析的方法评价经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)/开放手术(OP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)所致膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的疗效和安全性. 方法:计算机检索Medline、Cochrane临床对照试验中心数据库、Embase、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,手工检索...     

女性膀胱出口梗阻28例的诊治体会

目的总结女性膀胱颈纤维化导致膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的诊断治疗体会。方法 膀胱颈纤维化导致BOO女性患者28例,经尿流动力学及膀胱镜检确诊,均行经尿道膀胱颈部分切除术,并联合药物治疗。结果随访2～18个月,排尿情况均有改善,最大尿流率>15 mL/s,国际评分(IPSS)5.2±1.6。病理报告显示所有患者膀胱颈组织纤维增生,其中合并慢性炎症改变6例。结论影像尿动力学检查是诊断女性膀胱出口梗阻的金标准。根据临床症状、尿流动力学检查及膀胱镜检可以明确诊断,经尿道膀胱颈部分切除术可取得良好的治疗效果。     

前列腺增生症患者的尿动力学诊断价值评估

目的　评估尿流动力学检查在前列腺增生症患者所致的下尿路症候群中的诊断价值。方法　采用自制半卧位床 ,常规行尿流率、压力 流率测定及尿道测压 ,并同步测定尿道外括约肌肌电图及残余尿量 ;并记录膀胱逼尿肌受损情况、膀胱顺应性和尿道外括约肌协调情况。联合应用A G图、P Q图及DS诊断BOO(膀胱出口梗阻 ) ,结果进行统计处理。结果　本组患者 338例 ,312例诊断为BOO ,71例可疑 ,5例无BOO。其中伴膀胱低顺应性 12 3例 ,膀胱逼尿肌功能受损 10 8例 ,尿道外括约肌功能失调 15 7例 ,不稳定膀胱 134例。随着BOO程度加重 ,Pdet Qmax、Popen、DS、IPSS积分及前列腺体积呈升高趋势 ,膀胱顺应性、Qmax呈下降趋势。结论　前列腺增生症患者排尿障碍的机制是排尿过程中机械因素和动力学因素共同作用的结果 ,尿流动力学检查在其诊断评估中扮演着一个极其重要的角色。BOO程度与Pdet Qmax、Popen、DS、IPSS积分及前列腺体积呈正相关 ,与膀胱顺应性、Qmax呈负相关     

Predictability of Conventional Tests for the Assessment of Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Background The degree of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is most accurately quantified by pressure flow studies (PFS), although these studies are more invasive and complicated than conventional tests. We examined how precisely conventional tests predicted the PFS-assessed degree of BOO.
Methods The study population consisted of 232 BPH patients who had undergone routine conventional tests and PFS. Correlation of the conventional test results with the degree of BOO assessed by PFS was examined by Spearman's correlation coefficients. Regression and subgroup analyses were performed to predict the degree of BOO using the conventional test results as the explanatory variables.
Results The degree of BOO correlated with prostate volume, the degree of endoscopic obstruction, and to a lesser extent, with the maximum flow rate ( Q _max) and age. The predictability of conventional tests alone, or in combination, for BOO, was approximately 60% to 70%, which is not acceptable for investigational use. However, almost all patients with a prostate volume larger than 30 mL, or with severe obstruction on urethroscopic findings, had an obstructed bladder outlet.
Conclusion PFS is mandatory when the precise evaluation of the degree of BOO is required, and patients are highly likely to have an outlet obstruction when they have a prostate larger than 30 mL, or severely obstructed posterior urethra on endoscopy.     

前列腺增生术后排尿困难原因分析

目的；分析前列腺增生术后排尿困难的原因，为预防和治疗提供依据。方法：回顾性分析１４例前列腺增生术后出现排尿困难病例的临床资料。结果：９例耻骨上前列腺切除术病例中，膀胱颈梗阻６例，尿道外口一残留和后尿道为性粘连狭窄各１例，５例经尿道前列腺电切术病例中，腺体残留３例，血块堵塞和前尿道狭窄各１例。     

纤维增生性膀胱出口梗阻

目的：探讨纤维增生性膀胱出口梗阻（ＦＢＯＯ）的诊断和开放手术的处理原则,方法：从３１７例开放手术治疗前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）的病例中筛选出ＦＢＯＯ５０例,进行分析,结果：２７例（５４．０％）有膀胱颈挛缩,４３例（８６．０％）有膀胱颈后唇抬高,本组ＦＢＯＯ占同期ＢＰＨ开放手术的１５．８％。３１例行腺体切除加Ｙ－Ｖ成形加后唇楔形切除术,１６例行腺体切除加后唇切除术,３例仅行腺体切除,结果以接受Ｙ－Ｖ成形     

Suppression of detrusor overactivity in rats with bladder outlet obstruction by a type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a selective type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor, IC486051, on bladder activity in normal rats and those with and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), as inhibition of PDE4 leads to elevation of intracellular cAMP levels and relaxation of smooth muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BOO was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by tying a silk ligature around the urethra. At 4 or 6 weeks after inducing BOO, conscious rats were assessed by cystometry with the urethral ligature intact. In unobstructed rats, blood pressure was also measured. RESULTS: In unobstructed rats, IC486051 (0.1 mg/kg intravenously) produced no significant changes in cystometric variables, while at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg maximum voiding pressure was reduced by 34%. At both doses, there was a small, transient increase in blood pressure. In both 4- and 6-week BOO rats IC486051 dose-dependently decreased the number and amplitude of non-voiding bladder contractions by up to 80%, relative to pre-treatment values. At doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg IC486051 had no significant effect on voiding variables. In the 4-week BOO rats, a dose of 1.0 mg/kg decreased bladder capacity, voided volume and residual volume by 21%, 32% and 18%, respectively. In 6-week BOO rats, a dose of 1.0 mg/kg decreased maximal voiding pressure by 17% and pressure threshold for voiding by 28%. In both groups of rats with BOO, voiding efficiency was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: A selective PDE4 inhibitor can effectively suppress detrusor overactivity in rats with BOO, at doses that have no effect on voiding bladder contractions. Thus, selective PDE4 inhibitors should be considered for the treatment of overactive bladder in patients with BOO.     

245例前列腺增生患者尿流动力学的结果分析

本文采用自制半卧位尿动力测定床及Ｄａｎｅｃ尿动力仪器，常规行尿流率，压力－流率（同步测定尿道外括约肌肌电图），尿道测压。结果明确诊断ＢＯＯ１６１例，可疑５０例，合并逼尿肌功能受损６５例；膀胱顺应性降低７０例，外括约肌功能失调１１４例；逼尿肌不稳定５９例。最大尿流率受测压导管影响；功能尿道长度与经直肠Ｂ超测定的前列腺尿道长度相关联。结论：１、ＢＰＨ的排尿症状的机械因素与动力学因素共同作用的结果；尿动力学检查是诊断由ＢＰＨ所致ＢＯＯ的一个非常重要的手段，但分析结果时应考虑干扰因素的影响。２、功能性尿道长度与前列腺部尿道长度相关联。     

Utility of the American Urological Association symptom index in the diagnosis of women with voiding dysfunction

The objective of the study was to determine the applicability of the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom index to the assessment and treatment of women with voiding dysfunction while investigating the specificity of the index to men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).One hundred and two consecutive adult patients (45 females, 57 males) with symptoms of dysfunctional micturition were prospectively evaluated using both the AUA symptom index and videourodynamic studies. According to urodynamic criteria, the patients were placed into three groups: 45 women with stress incontinence and/or detrusor instability but without bladder outlet obstruction (BOO); 23 men with detrusor instability (DI) without BOO; and 34 men with BPH and BOO. Correlation between symptom index scores and patient characteristics were examined. The mean index score for the 45 women was 17.0 (range 4–33). In contrast, the men scored mean values of 18.9 (range 7–28) and 20.5 (range 12–27) for the BPH with BOO and DI without BOO groups, respectively. The total score was statistically correlated with age, duration of bladder symptoms, cystometric capacity and maximum urine flow rate.The quantification of voiding symptoms, using the AUA symptom index, yields strikingly similar results in both women and men with voiding dysfunction, despite vastly different bladder and urethral pathologies. The etiology of voiding symptoms, whether detrusor dysfunction or bladder outlet obstruction, cannot be determined by the AUA symptom index. The index should, however, prove to be useful in evaluating treatment outcome in both men and women with voiding dysfunction.     

前列腺增生症疗效不佳者尿流动力学原因分析

为分析良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）疗效不佳的原因，对５８例曾接受经膀胱及Ｍａｄｉｇａｎ前列腺摘除术，经尿道前列腺切除术、经尿道激光治疗、微波及射频热疗等不同方法治疗并诉疗效不满意的ＢＰＨ患者进行尿流动力学测定，项目为充盈膀胱测压、压力－流率测定、ＥＭＧ测定、静态及加压尿道压力测定。测定结果出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ）占４８．３％、副尿肌收缩无力（ＤＤＣ）占１７．２％、逼尿肌不稳定（ＤＩＳ）占２０．７％、压力性