剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫患者再次妊娠阴道分娩发生子宫破裂的影响因素分析

目的 探讨剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫(SUAC)患者再次妊娠选择阴道分娩时发生子宫破裂的影响因素。方法 选取2015年1月至2022年12月在苏州市立医院妇产科再次妊娠选择阴道分娩的105例SUAC患者为研究对象。根据SUAC患者再次妊娠选择阴道分娩时是否发生子宫破裂,将其分别纳入子宫破裂组(n=26)与非子宫破裂组(n=79)。2组孕妇分娩年龄及孕龄、孕次、本次妊娠距离前次剖宫产术分娩间隔时间,以及产前人体质量指数(BMI)、子宫瘢痕厚度、前次剖宫产术切口缝合方式构成比及妊娠并发症、母婴不良妊娠结局发生率等比较,采用成组t检验或χ²检验。结合既往研究结果与临床经验,进一步采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析SUAC患者再次妊娠选择阴道分娩发生子宫破裂的独立影响因素。本研究遵循的程序符合苏州市立医院医学伦理委员会要求,通过该伦理委员会批准(审批文号：南医伦审2022326号)。结果 (1)105例再次妊娠选择阴道分娩的SUAC患者中,子宫破裂发生率为24.8%(26/105)。子宫破裂组患者分娩年龄、孕次、产前BMI≥30 kg/m²者占比、子宫...     

妊娠期子宫破裂7例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠子宫破裂的原因、临床特点及预防方法。方法对2014年1月—2016年6月本院收治的妊娠子宫破裂7例的病例资料进行回顾分析。结果 7例子宫破裂的患者中,有剖宫产手术史5例(2次剖宫产史1例),非瘢痕子宫2例。完全性破裂6例,其中4例瘢痕子宫,此次分娩距前次剖宫产时间均≥4年;子宫不完全破裂1例,分娩孕周38周,此次分娩距前次剖宫产时间为5年。7例中5例入院时未足月,3例自发性破裂,4例发生在分娩过程中(2例子宫瘢痕中孕引产)。5例主诉伴有下腹部疼痛,1例产后持续阴道流血,1例产后检查产道时发现。7例均行子宫修补术,痊愈出院。结论剖宫产术后再次妊娠是子宫破裂的高危因素,整个孕期都应严密监护,尽早识别子宫破裂。     

剖宫产术后阴道分娩产妇的临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后阴道分娩(VBAC)产妇的母儿结局。 方法选择2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日,四川大学华西第二医院收治的VBAC足月妊娠产妇397例为研究对象,纳入研究组。按照1∶1比例,采用随机数字表法随机抽取同期于本院足月经阴道分娩的非瘢痕子宫产妇397例,作为对照,纳入对照组。观察2组产妇年龄、身高、人体质量指数(BMI)、本次分娩距前次分娩间隔时间、分娩时孕龄,第一、第二、第三产程时间,术中出血量、产后出血(PPH)量(2 h)、PPH率、严重PPH率,以及新生儿出生体重与窒息发生率等指标,并采用成组t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、χ²检验和Fisher确切概率法对上述指标进行统计学比较。对2016—2019年本院产妇分娩情况进行分析。2组产妇年龄、身高、BMI、分娩时孕龄等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①2016—2019年,本院剖宫产术分娩率为58.45%～62.37%,剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫(SUAC)患者再次妊娠的剖宫产术分娩率为93.06%～95.83%,平均为94.60%(10 942/11 567),非SUAC患者的剖宫产术分娩率为50.27%(18 586/36 972)。瘢痕子宫患者为13 963例(28.77%),2017年瘢痕子宫患者所占比例最高,为33.74%(3 361/9 961),此后呈下降趋势。②研究组产妇第一、第二产程时间及术中出血量、PPH量(2 h)、PPH率分别为363 min(212～450 min)、46 min(22～60 min)、312 mL(200～350 mL)、348 mL(230～380 mL)、10.8%(43/397),均显著长于、大于、高于对照组的294 min(180～380 min)、15 min(7～20 min)、231 mL(150～280 mL)、264 mL(180～310 mL)、4.3%(17/397),研究组新生儿出生体重为(3 216±359) g,则显著低于对照组的(3 369±369) g,并且差异均有统计学意义(Z＝4.797、16.065、8.028、8.122,χ²＝12.188,t＝-17.013,均为P<0.001)。③SUAC患者再次妊娠的子宫破裂发生率为1.73/10 000(2/11 567),占VBAC者的0.32%(2/625)。 结论VBAC是可行的,子宫破裂发生率低,但是其PPH风险增加。临床对于此类产妇,产程中应做好监护,积极预防PPH。     

瘢痕子宫再次剖宫产并发症的发生情况分析

目的探讨瘢痕子宫再次剖宫产并发症的发生情况。方法 2013年1月-2015年12月在浙江省人民医院分娩的瘢痕子宫再次妊娠的产妇733例作为研究组,另选取同期2 454例非瘢痕子宫剖宫产的患者作为对照组。对两组患者的临床资料进行分析,分析并比较两组间术中和术后并发症的构成,术中及术后情况,并比较不同手术切口及不同手术间隔时间对瘢痕子宫再次剖宫产并发症发生率的影响。结果研究组其总手术时间、分娩时间及术中出血量均较对照组的患者明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组患者术后并发盆腹腔的粘连、前置胎盘、胎盘植入和产后出血等并发症的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组中,横切口组盆腹腔粘连及产后出血发生率明显高于纵切口组(P<0.05),而胎盘植入、前置胎盘和子宫破裂发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。初次剖宫产术后与再次剖宫产间隔时间≤3年者较间隔>3年者更易发生子宫破裂,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论瘢痕子宫再次剖宫产的并发症发生率较非瘢痕子宫剖宫产者高,临床应严格掌握剖宫产指征,对产妇加强宣教,鼓励产妇选择阴道分娩,进而降低剖宫产率。     

剖宫产后再次足月妊娠200例临床分析

目的 分析剖宫产后瘢痕子宫再次足月妊娠的分娩方式和产后出血发生情况.方法 采用回顾性方法,对200例(研究组)剖宫产后再次足月妊娠和同期住院分娩的4 837例(对照组)足月孕产妇的分娩方式、剖宫产指征、产后出血发生率进行比较分析.结果 2007年至2011年剖宫产后再次足月妊娠占住院分娩总数的比例逐年增高(趋势χ2=16.55,P<0.01).研究组剖宫产率(87.00%)显著高于对照组(31.98%),χ2=258.45,P<0.01;研究组产后出血发生率(4.50%)显著高于对照组(2.50%),χ2=142.67,P<0.01;研究组因产后出血难以控制而行子宫次全切手术2例,占22.22%(2/9),明显高于对照组的3例,占2.48%(3/121),经比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.30,P<0.05).结论 瘢痕子宫再次妊娠先兆子宫破裂\\子宫破裂和子宫产后出血发生率较高,对孕产妇危害较大.     

剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠629Y分娩方式分析

目的分析剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式的选择。方法对2009年1月～2015年1月我院收治的62例剖宫产术后再次足月妊娠的孕妇对阴道分娩和剖宫产两种方式的选择进行分析。结果选择阴道试产24例,阴道分娩成功18例,成功率75％,剖宫产44例,无1例子宫破裂发生。阴道分娩组和剖宫产组在新生儿阿普加评分无显著差异,但剖宫产组湿肺的发生率明显高于阴道分娩组,产后244、时出血量和产褥热也明显高于阴道分娩组。结论瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩虽隐藏着一定危险性,但在掌握严格的适应症及严密的监护下给予瘢痕子宫再次妊娠孕妇适当的阴道试产机会是可行的,也同时能降低剖宫产率。     

前次剖宫产后再次妊娠孕期子宫瘢痕变化及妊娠结局分析

目的通过对287例前次剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇孕期采用B超动态监测子宫瘢痕厚度变化、术中所见情况及妊娠结局进行分析,探讨影响瘢痕变化和妊娠结局的相关因素。方法选取2016年于北京市丰台区妇幼保健院产科建档,愿意参与研究并完整随访至足月分娩的287例瘢痕子宫再孕、择期剖宫产孕产妇纳入研究。依据孕37～38周瘢痕分类及术中所见情况,分析再孕距离前次剖宫产时间、年龄、妊娠次数、胎盘位置、孕早期瘢痕厚度(孕11～12+6周)、羊水指数及新生儿出生体质量等对孕晚期瘢痕分类、瘢痕变化率及妊娠结局的影响。结果子宫瘢痕厚度在孕中、晚期分别以平均每月0. 64 mm、0. 40 mm的速度递减;观察孕妇距前次剖宫产年限、年龄、妊娠次数、新生儿体质量、羊水指数及胎盘位置对孕晚期子宫瘢痕分类的影响,仅距前次剖宫产不同间隔年限在孕28～30周及孕37～38周的瘢痕厚度差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。孕晚期瘢痕分类与子宫不全破裂之间关系密切(P<0. 05)。结论①子宫瘢痕厚度变化主要受距前次剖宫产间隔时间的影响,剖宫产术后2～5年是子宫瘢痕肌层愈合最佳时期,也是再孕选择的最佳时期。②早孕期瘢痕厚度与孕晚期瘢痕分类、瘢痕变化率关系密切,孕早期瘢痕越厚,孕期瘢痕变化率越小,孕晚期分类越好。③孕晚期瘢痕分类与子宫不全破裂之间关系密切;与产后出血、胎盘异常之间比较,差异未见统计学意义。     

剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠62例分娩方式分析

目的分析剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式的选择。方法对2009年1月~2013年1月我院收治的62例剖宫产术后再次足月妊娠的孕妇对阴道分娩和剖宫产两种方式的选择进行分析。结果选择阴道试产24例,阴道分娩成功18例,成功率75%,剖宫产44例,无1例子宫破裂发生。阴道分娩组和剖宫产组在新生儿阿普加评分无显著差异,但剖宫产组湿肺的发生率明显高于阴道分娩组,产后24小时出血量和产褥热也明显高于阴道分娩组。结论 瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩虽隐藏着一定危险性,但在掌握严格的适应症及严密的监护下给予瘢痕子宫再次妊娠孕妇适当的阴道试产机会是可行的,也同时能降低剖宫产率。     

妊娠早期子宫瘢痕厚度与子宫破裂发生的相关性研究

目的探讨妊娠早期剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕厚度、子宫瘢痕憩室与子宫破裂发生的相关性。方法选取2018年1月-2019年1月该院收治的剖宫产术后再次妊娠的80例孕妇为研究对象,依据妊娠结局分为子宫破裂组(10例)和子宫未破裂组(70例),分析两组一般状况、妊娠结局、肌层厚度及连续性结果、横切及纵切厚度、子宫瘢痕厚度对子宫破裂预测价值。结果两组年龄、新生儿出生体质量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);子宫未破裂组距前次剖宫产术的间隔时间长于子宫破裂组(P0.05);妊娠早期,剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室4例,占比5.0%,其中未发生子宫破裂3例,发生子宫破裂1例;子宫未破裂组厚度≤1.0 mm发生率高于子宫破裂组,子宫未破裂组厚度1.0 mm发生率低于子宫破裂组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);妊娠晚期剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室肌层厚度临界值为1.0 mm,诊断子宫破裂特异度、阳性预测值、灵敏度、阴性预测值分别为92.9%、68.7%、100.0%、100.0%;临界值为2.5 mm和2.0 mm时,特异度和阳性预测灵敏度非常低,分别为4.0%、13.2%和16.5%、15.1%;两组横切及纵切厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇子宫破裂与妊娠早期剖宫产术瘢痕厚度没有明确相关性,没有必要因妊娠早期剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室和子宫瘢痕菲薄终止妊娠,应对子宫前壁下段状况密切监控。妊娠晚期对子宫前壁下段肌层连续性定性观察,可及时发现子宫破裂,对预防措施制定具有非常好的临床价值。     

瘢痕子宫妊娠子宫破裂8例临床分析

目的探讨瘢痕子宫（剖宫产后）妊娠子宫破裂的原因、诊断处理及预防。方法回顾性分析5年间笔者所在医院收治的剖宫产后再次妊娠分娩病例的临床资料。结果剖富产瘢痕子宫破裂8例,子宫不全破裂7例,其中5例（约63％）为隐性破裂,1例为完全破裂。结论剖宫产瘢痕子宫破裂的原因主要与前次相隔的时间、术式和有无感染等相关,对剖宫产瘢痕子宫破裂应早诊断、早处理并积极预防。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.