后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗局限性肾癌的效果

目的分析后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗局限性肾癌的临床价值。方法选取2016-03-2018-11间本院收治的46例局限性肾癌患者并按照不同手术方式分为2组。给予对照组(20例)患者实施开放肾部分切除术,对研究组(26例)患者行后腹腔镜肾部分切除术。比较2组患者的手术时间、术中肾热缺血时间、术后并发症及手术前后肾功能变化等指标情况。结果研究组患者手术时间和术中肾热缺血时间长于对照组,但术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、并发症发生率及住院时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者手术前后肌酐水平及患侧肾脏肾小球滤过率等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论开放肾部分切除术与后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗局限性肾癌均有确切疗效,但后者手术创伤更小,术后恢复更快,安全性高。     

机器人辅助与后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗复杂性肾肿瘤的临床效果比较

目的:观察机器人辅助与后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗复杂性肾肿瘤的临床应用效果。方法:将64例复杂性肾肿瘤患者根据治疗方法分为对照组与观察组,每组32例。对照组行后腹腔镜肾部分切除术,观察组行机器人辅助肾部分切除术。比较两组手术时间、热缺血时间、术中出血量,术后并发症情况、术后病理检查结果及随访结果。结果:观察组手术时间、热缺血时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.05);两组住院时间及术后迟发性出血、急性肾衰竭、尿瘘、肾功能减退等并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后病理检查结果差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访结果显示,观察组复发率低于对照组(P<0.05);术后1个月,两组肌酐水平均高于术前,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:机器人辅助肾部分切除术可能利于降低术后复发率、尽可能保留术后患肾肾单位及肾功能。     

腹腔镜保留肾单位手术治疗复杂性肾肿瘤中倒刺缝合对热缺血时间及并发症的影响

目的:探讨倒刺缝合在腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗复杂性肾肿瘤中对热缺血时间及并发症的影响。方法:回顾分析62例接受腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的复杂性肾肿瘤(R.E.N.A.L评分≥7分)患者的临床资料,根据肾脏缝合方法分为倒刺组(n=28)与传统组(n=34)。对比两组患者的热缺血时间、手术时间、缝合时间、出血量、输血率、并发症及肾功能变化等资料。结果:倒刺组热缺血时间、手术时间、缝合时间及术中出血量均少于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后随访1个月,术后血清肌酐两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:倒刺缝合对于腹腔镜下复杂性肾肿瘤患者行肾部分切除术是安全、可行的,利于缩短肾热缺血时间,提高手术效率,减少术后出血。     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤24例体会

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的安全性。方法将48例肾肿瘤患者随机分为2组,治疗组采用后腹腔镜肾部分切除术,对照组采用开放式肾部分切除术,对比2组手术时间、术中出血量、热缺血时间、住院时间以及术后并发症发生率。结果 2组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)治疗组术后并发症发生率、术中出血量和住院时间均低于对照组(P0.05),2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后腹腔镜肾部分切除术创伤小,术后并发症发生率低,效果肯定。     

3D腹腔镜与2D腹腔镜在肾部分切除术中的对比研究

目的 比较三维腹腔镜与传统二维腹腔镜在肾部分切除术中的疗效。方法 我们回顾性分析2016年5月至2019年10月我组收治的行肾部分切除术的78例患者。观察组37例行三维腹腔镜肾部分切除术,对照组41例行传统二维腹腔镜肾部分切除术。比较两组间围手术期各项指标的差异。结果 两组患者在性别、年龄、肿瘤侧别、肿瘤大小、RENAL评分、体质量指数等一般资料方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组热缺血时间(WIT)(22.3±4.6)min、肾缝合时间(14.7±3.1)min短于对照组(25.8±5.0)min、(17.5±4.0)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),同时观察组术后血清肌酐变化值(8.4±5.5)μmol/L小于对照组的(12.4±7.0)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而手术时间、术中出血量、肿瘤切除时间、术后住院天数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 三维腹腔镜肾部分切除术由于肾脏创面缝合时间较短,可减少肾脏热缺血时间,对保护患者术后肾功能有一定意义,值得推广应用。     

机器人辅助和普通腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的比较

目的对比肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（RAML）患者中应用机器人辅助肾部分切除术（RAPN）与普通腹腔镜下肾部分切除术（LPN）的安全性及有效性。 方法收集2016年1月至2021年8月我院收治的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者198例,其中80例为机器人辅助肾部分切除术组,118例为腹腔镜下肾部分切除术组。采用倾向性评分匹配后分析比较两术式的临床指标。 结果198例患者中有3例术中中转开放（包括2例LPN,1例RAPN）,1例LPN术中损伤输尿管,其余均顺利完成手术。RAPN组术中热缺血时间显著低于LPN组;RAPN组术后血红蛋白（Hb）差值百分比及eGFR差值百分比均显著低于LPN组（P<0.05）;手术时间、术中估计出血量、术中及术后输血率、术后并发症、术后引流量、引流管留置时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间方面两组差异无统计学意义。 结论在肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者中,应用机器人辅助肾部分切除术相较于普通腹腔镜下肾部分切除术具有显著优势,手术出血更少,热缺血时间更短,能更大程度保留肾功能。     

肾周脂肪梅奥粘连概率评分系统在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的应用

目的探讨肾周脂肪梅奥粘连概率评分系统（MAP）在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的临床应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年6月徐州医科大学附属淮安医院泌尿外科收治的行后腹腔镜肾部分切除术的153例肾癌患者的临床病例资料。依据MAP评分系统将其分为低度复杂组、中度复杂组和高度复杂组三组。比较各组间的手术时间、术中出血量、术中及术后并发症、术中热缺血时间、术后住院时间及术后血肌酐变化情况。 结果在153例患者中，低度复杂组68例，中度复杂组58例和高度复杂组27例。三组患者在年龄、性别、术前血肌酐水平、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤位置、BMI、RENAL评分等方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。随着复杂程度的提高，手术时间、术中出血量也在不断增加（P<0.05）；而术中热缺血时间、术后住院时间及术后血肌酐水平无明显变化（P>0.05）。在术中并发症方面，随着复杂程度的提高，术中并发症的发生率也在增加（P<0.05），且高度复杂组的术后并发症发生风险是低度复杂组的13.895倍（P=0.002)，MAP评分系统预测术中并发症发生的精度较高（AUC=0.757，P=0.002）。但是术后并发症各组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论MAP评分系统在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中，对预估手术难度及术中并发症发生风险有较好的临床应用价值。     

零热缺血后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a肾癌的近期临床疗效

目的探讨未阻断肾蒂血管后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾癌的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月佛山市第一人民医院行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的56例（24例无肾蒂阻断,32例阻断肾蒂血管）T1a期肾癌的临床资料。 结果两组患者在术前平均血肌酐水平（无肾蒂阻断组72 μmol/L;肾蒂阻断组75 μmol/L）、平均手术时间（无肾蒂阻断组64 min;肾蒂阻断组60 min）、术后1个月平均血肌酐水平（无肾蒂阻断组75 μmol/L;肾蒂阻断组82 μmol/L）差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者在术中平均出血量（无肾蒂阻断组为100 ml;肾蒂阻断组为44 ml）、术中热缺血时间（无肾蒂阻断组为0 min ;肾蒂阻断组为25 min）差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。无肾蒂阻断组术侧放射性核素断层扫描术前平均51 ml/min,术后1个月平均49 ml/min,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肾蒂阻断组术侧放射性核素断层扫描术前平均52 ml/min,术后1个月平均45 ml/min,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组肾癌患者术后病理报告均为肾透明细胞癌,术后随访3～36个月,平均17个月,肿瘤无复发转移。 结论零热缺血后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗T1a肾癌安全可行,有利于术侧肾单位及功能的保留。     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术学习曲线的研究

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗局限性肾癌的学习曲线。方法:回顾性分析我院同一组医师连续开展的40例后腹腔镜肾部分切除术患者的临床资料:按手术先后将40例患者依次分为A组(1~10例)、B组(11~20例)、C组(21~30例)和D组(31~40例),比较各组术中出血量、肾热缺血时间、手术时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间、并发症、术后住院时间等指标。结果:四组患者术中出血量、肾热缺血时间和手术时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);进一步两两比较发现A组的出血量、肾热缺血时间和手术时间与B组、C组和D组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),B组的出血量、肾热缺血时间和手术时间与C组和D组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而C组的出血量、肾热缺血时间和手术时间与D组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。各组患者术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、并发症发生率、术后住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:后腹腔镜肾部分切除术的学习曲线大约为20例,即能达到比较熟练的水平和稳定的程度。     

腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗局限性肾癌的效果及安全性

目的探讨分析腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗局限性肾癌的效果及安全性。方法将本院2013年4月至2017年5月收治的76例局限性肾癌患者作为实验对象,采用随机法分成实验组与对照组,各38例,对照组患者使用传统开放性肾部分切除术治疗,实验组使用腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗,比较分析两组患者治疗效果及安全性。结果实验组患者手术时间及术中肾脏热缺血时间显著长于对照组,P0.05;实验组患者术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复及住院时间都明显好于对照组,两组相比具有较大差异,具有统计学意义;两组患者术后血清肌酐升高幅度差异较大,有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗局限性肾癌的效果及安全性较好,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,值得使用与推广。     

Advances in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The advantages of the laparoscopic approach in the management of kidney tumors are unequivocal and the role of laparoscopy in nephron-sparing surgery is evolving. In a selected group of patients with small exophytic renal tumors laparoscopic partial nephrectomy became an alternative to open partial nephrectomy. However, the application of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy to larger, centrally located tumors or tumors in unfavorable sites is limited by the difficulty of achieving adequate, prompt collecting system closure and hemostasis with a limited warm ischemia time. The most recent developments in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy are the subject of this review. RECENT FINDINGS: A number of sealant products have been used as an adjunct or principal hemostatic agent in the animal model. Their application in the clinical setting remains limited to small parenchymal bleeding; larger vessels and pelvicaliceal openings are better managed by vascular clamping and intracorporeal suturing. Vascular clamping confers warm ischemia, and attempts at renal hypothermia included cold kidney irrigation through either a ureteral stent or a renal artery cannulation, and the application of ice slush for parenchymal surface cooling. SUMMARY: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is technically demanding; efforts directed towards facilitating hemostasis, improving renal cooling or shortening the warm ischemia time will expand its indications further.     

Evaluation of microporous polysaccharide hemospheres as a novel hemostatic agent in open partial nephrectomy: favorable experimental results in the porcine model

PURPOSE: Microporous polysaccharide hemospheres (MPH, Medafor, Minneapolis, Minneapolis) are a novel hemostatic agent made from purified plant starch. MPH activates the clotting cascade and hyperconcentrates platelets and coagulation proteins, while enhancing a hemostatic plug. We evaluated the hemostatic efficacy of MPH compared with standard surgical technique in a porcine open partial nephrectomy model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized lower pole partial nephrectomy was consecutively performed in each kidney of 12 female pigs. Each pig was randomized to 2 groups, namely treatment with MPH application or control with the conventional surgical technique (oxidized cellulose with bolster sutures). The right kidney was harvested 1 half-hour after hemostasis was achieved and the left kidney was harvested after 7 days. RESULTS: Mean animal and resected renal tissue weight were comparable. Ischemic and hemostasis times were significantly decreased in the MPH treated group (2.67 and 4.67 minutes, respectively) vs the control group (8.33 and 7.75 minutes, respectively) (each p = 0.004). Blood loss was equivocal (0.88 gm in the treatment group vs 2.09 gm in the control group, p = 0.07). No hemostatic complications were noted in either group. No evidence of residual foreign material was found in the MPH group at 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: MPH provided rapid, effective and durable hemostasis in the porcine open partial nephrectomy model. Additional experimental and clinical evaluation is warranted to define the role of MPH assisted partial nephrectomy in humans.     

Various local hemostatic agents with different modes of action; an in vivo comparative randomized vascular surgical experimental study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of different local hemostatic agents in a new high flow vascular experimental bleeding model. DESIGN: Bovine thrombin combined with collagen matrix (bTcM), microporous polysaccharide hemospheres (MPH), freeze-dried rFVIIa with and without the combination of MPH were compared to a control group (solely compression) in a randomized fashion (20 animals/group). Primary endpoint was hemostasis, and secondary endpoints were time to hemostasis, blood loss, and blood pressure at hemostasis. METHODS: The common carotid artery of heparinized rats was ligated proximally and transected. Compression was applied for one minute followed by application of the topical hemostatic agent. Compression was maintained for another two minutes followed by re-evaluation of hemostasis: if bleeding continued additional compression was applied and thereafter bleeding was checked every minute until hemostasis. RESULTS: All animals in the bTcM group obtained hemostasis compared to 20% in the control group (p<0.0001). The combination of MPH and rFVIIa (70% hemostasis) also showed a significant hemostatic capacity compared to control group (p<0.001). None of the other active treatment groups differed compared to control group. Animals treated with bTcM had a significantly shorter time to hemostasis compared to animals in the other active treatment groups. No significant difference in blood loss and blood pressure at hemostasis was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The most effective hemostatic agent was bTcM, followed by the combination of rFVIIa and MPH, while neither MPH nor rFVIIa alone displayed any hemostatic capacity compared to compression only.     

Evaluation of microporous polysaccharide hemospheres for parenchymal hemostasis during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the porcine model.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres (MPH) for parenchymal hemostasis during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in the porcine model. METHODS: Six female farm pigs underwent a transperitoneal right lower-pole LPN during occlusion of the renal hilum. Renal parenchyma was excised using cold Endoshears. MPH was applied to the defect and the hilar clamp released. Animals were kept alive for one week. Before sacrifice, left LPN was similarly performed using MPH. Study variables included blood loss, number of MPH applications, hilar clamp time, hemostasis time, perioperative complications, and abnormalities noted at sacrifice. RESULTS: Hemostasis was achieved in all kidneys solely by using MPH. The average excised specimen represented 5.6% (range, 3.6 to 8.5) of renal weight. Mean hilar clamp and hemostatic times were 12.8 minutes (range, 6 to 18) and 2 minutes (range, 1 to 3), respectively. Hemostasis occurred after one MPH application in 8 kidneys (67%). In 3 kidneys, additional MPH powder was required to treat minor residual bleeding. In the remaining kidney, a second standard MPH application was required for hemostasis. No operative complications were encountered. No hematomas or residual MPH was found at necropsy; however, small urinomas were found in 2 of 6 kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: In the experimental porcine model, this initial study suggests that MPH provides effective parenchymal hemostasis during laparoscopic resection of an exophytic kidney lesion.     

后腹腔镜与开放手术行肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的临床效果比较

目的：通过与开放性肾部分切除术（OPN）的临床效果比较,评价后腹腔镜肾部分切除术（LPN）的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析后腹腔镜肾部分切除术（38例,LPN手术组）和同期施行开放性肾部分切除术（46例,OPN手术组）的临床资料,就两组患者一般资料、手术时间、患肾热缺血时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后止痛药用量、术后住院天数、术后血清肌酐升高幅度及术后并发症等指标进行比较。根据数据类型选用x2检验、两样本t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验,以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果：两组患者的一般资料差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,具有可比性。LPN手术组在术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后止痛药用量、术后住院天数方面及术后并发症发生率均优于DPN手术组（P〈0．05）,但前者的患肾热缺血时间明显长于后者（P〈0．05）。LPN手术组和OPN手术组的手术时间及术后血清肌酐升高幅度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组患者送检标本的手术切缘均为阴性,随访18个月均无一例复发。结论：后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤疗效肯定,与传统的开放性肾部分切除术相比,具有创伤小、恢复快、疗效与开放性手术相当等优点,是目前治疗肾肿瘤较理想的手术方法,值得进一步推广。     

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The technique of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has matured significantly over the past decade and is emerging as an oncologically sound procedure for the management of small renal tumors. Methods of tumor excision as well as parenchymal reconstruction in a hemostatically controlled field have evolved to make this procedure safer. Improved techniques to minimize warm renal ischemia are being developed. Finally, methods to prevent positive surgical margins during laparoscopic surgery are crucial to a satisfactory oncologic outcome. These important technical issues, as well as the current results of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The urologic peer-review literature related to nephron-sparing surgery was reviewed. Controversial issues with respect to the surgical approach, methods of hemostatic control, acceptable time of warm ischemia, and cooling techniques were reviewed and collated. Perioperative results from larger series of laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy were evaluated. RESULTS: Open nephron-sparing surgery for renal tumors < or =4 cm has cancer control equivalent to that of open radical nephrectomy. Evidence is now emerging that laparoscopic partial nephrectomy will provide similar oncologic results, although clinical follow-up is still early. Blood loss, postoperative pain, and convalescence seem to be favor the laparoscopic approach. Complication rates, primarily postoperative bleeding and urine leak, may be higher than for open nephron-sparing surgery. Methods of laparoscopic hemostatic control favor soft vascular clamping for larger tumors that are more endophytic and central. Smaller exophytic lesions may be managed without renal vascular control using a variety of coagulative and hemostatic tools. Data related to warm renal ischemia suggest that the time used for tumor excision and renal reconstruction should be 30 minutes or less. Techniques for laparoscopic renal cooling are being developed. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery is a technique in evolution but with a promising outlook. The urologic peer-review literature reflects an exponential growth in interest, which suggests that this minimally invasive approach is practical and may benefit our patient population so as to allow them to return to normal healthy living more quickly.     

Microporous polysaccharide hemospheres for management of laparoscopic trocar injury to the spleen

BACKGROUND: Management of iatrogenic injuries during laparoscopy can be arduous. Recent advancements in surgical hemostatic agents have provided beneficial therapeutic alternatives. This project evaluates microporous polysaccharide hemospheres (MPH), with demonstrated efficiency achieving topical hemostasis, in the setting of intracorporeal laparoscopic splenic injury. METHODS: Four domestic female pigs were subjected to reproducible laparoscopic 12-mm and 5-mm trocar splenic injuries. Each surgery was an identical transperitoneal hand-assisted laparoscopic procedure. Hemostasis, or no bleeding after treatment, was achieved by measured dose applications of MPH. RESULTS: The MPH successfully achieved hemostasis for all splenic injuries except in 1 case, where a 12-mm lesion transected the splenic artery. The mean time to hemostasis, applications of MPH, and estimated blood loss for the 5- and 12-mm injuries were 165.3 +/- 45.7 and 200.7 +/- 106.5 seconds, 1.3 +/- .5 applications for both, and 12.0 +/- 4.6 and 17.7 +/- 9.1 g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MPH represents a powerful hemostatic agent that demonstrated complete hemostasis for iatrogenic splenic injury.