新型冠状病毒肺炎期间的眼科诊疗建议

新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的临床症状和体征多样,其中少数患者可能以结膜炎为首发表现在眼科就诊,且已有研究发现不能排除通过眼表途径传播的可能。鉴于此,眼科医师在诊疗工作中的防护措施不可忽视。本文总结了新型冠状病毒与眼科的现有相关发现,并对疫情期间眼科医务人员在临床工作中的诊疗注意事项提出建议,以期对疫情期间的眼科门急诊管理、患者收治、病房管控、手术管理等方面提供借鉴和参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间关节外科疾病诊疗思考

目前,中国上下都积极投身于新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的疫情防控,其致病体为2019新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)。关节外科疾病与人们日常生活紧密相关,亦属于高发疾病,有些患者需要急诊手术。COVID-19疫情期间,关节外科医师应按照相关指南和诊疗常规,并着眼于当前形势,做好关节外科疾病的分类诊疗,选择适当的治疗方式;同时优化诊治流程,根据不同的风险等级做好自身防护措施。建议关节外科疾病患者尽量通过电话或者网络进行就诊、随诊,需要手术的患者按照流程就诊,并配合治疗。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下泌尿外科急症的诊疗意见

探究新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间泌尿外科相关急症的治疗原则、诊疗策略和治疗方式。方法:研究分析在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院泌尿外科各类急症的诊疗情况,并对各类急症的诊疗方法和处理进行讨论。结果:我们中心自1月20日～3月26日合计收治和处理各类泌尿外科急症累计729例,包括血尿65例、尿潴留356例、肾绞痛256例、肾积水8例、更换引流管42例、泌尿系损伤2例。所有急症患者中包括新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊患者16例(2.19%)、疑似患者36例(4.94%)、确诊康复患者6例(0.82%)。所有急症患者在分级防护下,分别行相应的处理。无急症患者死亡病例,患者转归良好并得到进一步治疗。结论:在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间,急性尿潴留和肾绞痛是疫情期间最常见泌尿外科急症。由于泌尿外科专科常规医疗模式受到较大冲击,对于新型疫情期间泌尿外科急症的处理需要科学防护,并采取安全有效的管理模式和诊疗方案。     

泌尿外科诊疗工作中防控新型冠状病毒肺炎的建议

2019年12月武汉陆续出现新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情并蔓延至全球多个国家和地区。为更好地增强泌尿外科医护人员防控工作的针对性和有效性,我们结合本专业临床诊疗工作特点及疫区防控措施和经验,起草了泌尿外科诊疗工作中防控新型冠状病毒肺炎的建议,以供泌尿外科医护人员参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间泌尿系统外伤的处置经验

在新型冠状病毒肺炎(Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia,NCP)疫情防控期间,空军军医大学唐都医院泌尿外科收治了2例泌尿系统创伤患者(尿道外伤和睾丸外伤各1例),现将疫情防护下的处置过程报告如下。1病例报告病例1,男,42岁,因“外伤后导致排尿困难,尿道口溢血4 h”来院急诊,首先在急诊分诊测体温、询问接触史、地区史和呼吸道症状确定为非疑似病例后,由急诊科医师接诊,行病情评估。患者系因从树干跌落骑跨至栏杆导致排尿困难,尿道口溢血。行血液系统、咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸检查、胸部CT检查后泌尿外科会诊医师按照二级防护检查患者。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下急腹症的应对策略

2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市开始出现新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)肺炎。该传染病已被中国列为乙类传染病并按照甲类传染病进行管理,已证实新型冠状病毒肺炎可在人际间快速传播。新型冠状病毒肺炎主要临床表现为发热、干咳、呼吸困难等呼吸道症状,部分患者有消化道症状,并可经消化道传播。在疫情不断发展的情况下,如何安全高效的处理急腹症患者,尤其是对确诊、疑似患者的处理是战胜疫情的关键。结合最新防控的指南、文献报道及我院的防控经验,与大家共同分享疫情下的急腹症的诊疗建议及经验,以供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间骨质疏松性骨折诊疗流程与方案建议

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的主要特点是潜伏期长、传染性强、隐蔽性大,目前已知呼吸道飞沫和密切接触为主要传播途径。目前累计感染人数众多,并已有3000余名医护人员被感染。骨质疏松骨折患者就医是刚需,诊疗过程中加强防护意识和防护措施、详细询问病史及流行病史、严格诊疗流程对于防止COVID-19交叉感染或聚集性感染至关重要。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间关节外科临床诊疗规范化流程

目前发生于中国的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情已持续超过1个月。在有序、科学、规范地抗击COVID-19疫情期间,关节外科如何安全、有序地开展日常临床工作是当前所面临的主要问题。本文结合COVID-19疫情防控现状以及四川大学华西医院关节外科开展日常临床工作的实际,就关节外科的门诊、住院、手术室管理,以及患者出院后的管理规范、具体操作与随访进行总结,供广大骨科、关节外科医护人员参考,以期规范COVID-19疫情期间关节外科的临床诊治工作。     

创伤骨科在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间应急流程管理及防控策略专家共识

由于新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)潜伏期长,早期症状无特异性,以往针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)的筛查和防护手段已经不能满足COVID-19疫情控制的需求,必须对COVID-19进行全新的认识并采取特殊的处理流程。由于骨科创伤、出血及疼痛等急性症状的掩盖,COVID-19疫情容易被忽略,使得创伤骨科门急诊亦存在一定的风险和隐患。为了规范创伤骨科门急诊患者的收治,加强创伤骨科医护人员的防护,本文对COVID-19感染的特点及防治原则、疫情期间创伤骨科门急诊的管理、创伤骨科病房和手术室的防控策略、医护人员COVID-19感染防控知识培训进行阐述,为创伤骨科患者的救治以及医护人员的防护提供依据。     

Survival strategy of urology department during the COVID-19 era

International Urology and Nephrology -     

泌尿外科新型冠状病毒肺炎防控的医护一体化管理

目的总结医护一体化管理模式在泌尿外科新型冠状病毒肺炎防控中的应用效果。方法成立医护一体化新型冠状病毒肺炎防控小组,强化入院流程管理,精细化病房管理,手术配合管理,优化疾病治疗和护理方法。结果 2020年2月2～24日共收治患者39例,其中5例发热患者经防控小组会诊排除新型冠状病毒肺炎,均顺利进行手术治疗后体温正常。结论医护一体化管理模式在新型冠状病毒肺炎防控中有利于保证患者得到有效治疗和护理,保障患者及医务人员的生命健康。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间普通外科门诊筛查的临床价值

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)疫情期间普通外科门诊筛查的临床价值。方法采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2020年2月1—26日华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院收治的57例外科门诊或急诊就诊患者的临床资料;男30例,女27例;年龄为(53±16)岁,年龄范围为17~87岁。57例患者均行普通外科门诊筛查评分,总分≥3分为高危,<3分为低危。观察指标:(1)患者临床资料。(2)患者新冠肺炎筛查评分情况。正态分布的计量资料以±s表示,组间比较采用t检验。偏态分布的计量资料以M(IQR)表示,组间比较采用秩和检验。计数资料以绝对数表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。结果(1)患者临床资料:57例患者中,26例新冠肺炎确诊或疑似患者男、女分别为12、14例,年龄为(57±16)岁;31例非新冠肺炎患者男、女分别为18、13例,年龄为(50±16)岁,两者上述指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.805,t=-1.646,P>0.05)。(2)患者新冠肺炎筛查评分情况:57例患者中,26例新冠肺炎确诊或疑似患者新冠肺炎筛查评分为3.0分(4.0分),31例非新冠肺炎患者新冠肺炎筛查评分为1.0分(1.0分),两者比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.695,P<0.05)。26例新冠肺炎确诊或疑似患者新冠肺炎筛查为高危、低危例数分别为17、9例,31例非新冠肺炎患者新冠肺炎筛查为高危、低危例数分别为3、28例,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.266,P<0.05)。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间普通外科门诊筛查可有效筛查新冠肺炎高危患者。     

Perioperative management strategy of severe traumatic brain injury during the outbreak of COVID-19

Since December 2019, a pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus, i.e. COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Although the epidemic in China has been bought under control, the global COVID-19 situation is still grim. Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), as one of critical conditions in the department of neurosurgery, requires an early and effective treatment, especially surgery. There were currently no reliable guidelines on how to perform perioperative protection in TBI patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus infection. According to the corresponding treatment regulations and guidelines issued by the authorities, we summarized the management strategy of TBI patients in perioperative period during the COVID-19 outbreak based on medical and nursing practice, in order to provide a reference for clinicians.     

Hospital surge capacity in a tertiary emergency referral centre during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy

The first person-to-person transmission of the 2019 novel coronavirus in Italy on 21 February 2020 led to an infection chain that represents one of the largest known COVID-19 outbreaks outside Asia. In northern Italy in particular, we rapidly experienced a critical care crisis due to a shortage of intensive care beds, as we expected according to data reported in China. Based on our experience of managing this surge, we produced this review to support other healthcare services in preparedness and training of hospitals during the current coronavirus outbreak. We had a dedicated task force that identified a response plan, which included: (1) establishment of dedicated, cohorted intensive care units for COVID-19–positive patients; (2) design of appropriate procedures for pre-triage, diagnosis and isolation of suspected and confirmed cases; and (3) training of all staff to work in the dedicated intensive care unit, in personal protective equipment usage and patient management. Hospital multidisciplinary and departmental collaboration was needed to work on all principles of surge capacity, including: space definition; supplies provision; staff recruitment; and ad hoc training. Dedicated protocols were applied where full isolation of spaces, staff and patients was implemented. Opening the unit and the whole hospital emergency process required the multidisciplinary, multi-level involvement of healthcare providers and hospital managers all working towards a common goal: patient care and hospital safety. Hospitals should be prepared to face severe disruptions to their routine and it is very likely that protocols and procedures might require re-discussion and updating on a daily basis.     

Increase in trauma volume as compared to emergency department volume during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundDuring the months between April through June 2020 when we experienced the largest number of COVID-19 patients in our hospital, the volume of patients in the Emergency Department (ED) was decreased by more than 30%. In contrast to most early reports we did not notice a decrease in trauma volume during this time period.Materials and MethodsWe compared trauma patients presenting to our Level III Trauma Center, between April 2019 through June 2019 to those presenting from April 2020 through June 2020, the initial surge in COVID-19 patients. We compared ground level falls (GLF), motor vehicle crashes (MVC), bicycle and skateboard crashes, assault, and other.ResultsThere was a 13% increase in trauma patients presenting during the study period in 2020 as compared to 2019, and the total number of trauma patients as a percentage of total ED patients also increased 269/9235 (2.9%) to 308/6216 (5.0%), P < 0.0001. There was no significant difference in demographics or outcome data between the trauma patients presenting during the two time periods. Although traffic decreased by more than 40%, the number of MVC's was similar.ConclusionThe volume of patients presenting to our Trauma Center as compared to the total ED volume increased during the time period from April through June 2020 versus the year just prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the fact that the total traffic volume decreased more than 40 percent between these two time periods, the actual number of motor vehicle crashes remained similar.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间男科实验室生物安全

2019年12月新发现的新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎(2019冠状病毒病)疫情来势迅猛,临床发现新型冠状病毒感染者和无症状感染者均可能成为传染源。尽管经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播被认为是主要的传播途径,但在相对封闭的环境中存在经气溶胶传播的可能。现已发现鼻咽拭子、痰和其他下呼吸道分泌物、血液、粪便、尿液等标本中可检测出新型冠状病毒核酸,精液中是否可检出新型冠状病毒核酸尚无定论。有报道发现新型冠状病毒可能影响血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)高表达的睾丸,同时精液与尿液的排出有着共同通道。因此,理论上精液也有可能携带病毒。男科实验室不仅可能接触包含精液在内的以上多数的体液标本,而且男科实验室的许多操作为开放性操作,有产生气溶胶的风险。因此,在新型冠状病毒疫情期间有必要采取相应的防护措施以降低感染风险。通过参照现有的疫情认知并借鉴其他相关经验,结合男科实验室的工作特点,我们将疫情期间男科实验室工作需要注意的生物安全问题进行总结,供同行参考。