烧伤科护士职业标准的全国专家共识

目前尚没有烧伤科护士职业标准,为更好地规范烧伤专科护士队伍的能力和体系建设,中国老年医学学会烧创伤分会和中国医师协会中国创面修复科标准化建设专家委员会组织国内烧创伤领域著名专家学者,从术语和定义、通用条件、职业要求、技能要求、培训要求、考试考核及颁证等方面,撰写了《烧伤科护士职业标准的全国专家共识》,供全国同行参考。     

创面修复科医师职业标准的全国专家共识

随着我国社会的发展和人口老龄化的加速,体表慢性难愈合创面已经成为国家卫生和经济事业发展的沉重负担。国家卫生健康委员会就此发布文件,大力推动创面修复科体系建设。全国近百名创面修复领域专家在广泛征求意见、建议的基础上,经过多次讨论和反复修改,制定了创面修复科医师职业标准。该标准重点对创面修复科医师职业和技能要求以及专科培训进行了规范,就专科医师的定义、从业人员的基本素质、考试考核及认证等方面达成了共识,并希望通过发布以进一步完善。     

《国家卫生健康委办公厅关于加强体表慢性难愈合创面(溃疡)诊疗管理工作的通知》专家工作推进发布会顺利召开

根据国卫办医函【2019】865号的指示和要求,为加强和推动慢性难愈合创面诊疗管理工作及各单位创面修复科相关科室能力的建设,2020年1月6日,《国家卫生健康委办公厅关于加强体表慢性难愈合创面(溃疡)诊疗管理工作的通知》专家工作推进发布会在上海顺利召开。     

创面修复移动工作站建设探索与思考

北大医疗鲁中医院于2015年在烧伤科基础上筹建了烧伤与创面修复中心,并成立了山东省第1个地市级创面修复专业委员会,同时针对慢性创面患者年老体弱、行动不便的特点,开始了居家治疗,2017年在全国创面修复联盟专家团队及国家卫生健康委员会重大布局课题资金支持下,建立了中国第1个创面修复移动工作站,启动了创面修复科与社区医疗机构、养老院、家庭多方联动开展慢性创面治疗及学科建设的探索。创面修复移动工作站经过3年的运营,取得了一些成绩,得到学术界及当地政府的广泛支持,给学科发展注入巨大活力的同时也遇到一些问题与困惑,如移动工作站车辆属性、配置标准、出诊人员资质、政策依据、安全问题、如何收费等。笔者对近3年的工作进行了总结和分析,认为创面修复移动工作站打通了创面修复"最后一公里"瓶颈,有广泛的社会需求和良好的发展前景,但需要学术高层和相关政府部门协调、支持,并制定相关执行标准,以促进工作站健康、持续发展。     

高职护理专业《护理礼仪与人际沟通》课程教学设计

根据护理人员职业岗位能力及全国护士执业资格考试大纲标准要求,对我院高职护理专业《护理礼仪与人际沟通》课程体系从课程定位、教学设计思路、学时分配、教学方法及考核方案等方面进行设计,提供教学资源。     

团队建设促进护士职业倦怠改善的思路研究

护士是职业倦怠多发的职业之一,对于减少护士职业倦怠发生的研究和干预措施也有本文以使护士获得精神和心理上的轻松以及职业价值的认同为主要目标,提出通过团队建设来缓解和降低护士职业倦怠的思路,其中涉及了职业价值观优化、团队关怀计划、管理者改善三方面的措施.     

关于举办中国创面管理高级精英班的通知

正由中国医药生物技术协会主办,中国医药生物技术协会皮肤软组织修复重建技术分会、沈阳军区总医院及互联体医院、辽宁护理学会承办的中国创面管理高级精英班将于2017年10月16日在辽宁省沈阳棋盘山绿地铂瑞宾馆召开。为适合新医改形势下医联体医院发展的要求,确保中国创面管理国际化,本次授课内容汲取了欧洲创面管理协会(European Wound Management Association,EWMA)的精华课程,并特邀了国内和EWMA专家现场授课,以更有效的方     

80后护士与职业需求现状分析及管理对策

据中国目前的现实国情与医疗现状,护士的流动性快,需求量大,职业对护士的要求越来越高,80后女孩逐步成为护士队伍的新生力量,两者之间的反差令人深思,有效的对策是管理的重点.     

水凝胶联合藻酸盐银敷料在面部深Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗中的应用研究

目的 探讨水凝胶联合藻酸盐银敷料在面部深Ⅱ度烧伤治疗中的应用效果.方法 选取2017年2月至2020年2月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院烧伤创面修复科收治的82例面部深Ⅱ度烧伤患者,使用随机数字表法将患者分为干预组和对照组,每组各41例.2组患者均于治疗前根据临床操作规范去除创面失活组织,0.9％氯化钠溶液冲洗创面后使用无菌...     

三甲医院护士职业紧张感、付出回报失衡感的相关因素

正工作要求-自主-社会支持(job demand-control-support model,DC)模式~[1]和付出-回报失衡(Effort-Reward-Imbalance Model ERI)模式~[2]在职业紧张评估中广泛应用,其中高要求、低自主和高付出、低回报分别提示职业紧张度高和付出回报失衡。研究显示护士职业紧张、付出回报失衡对护士的身心健康存在影响~[3],而目前缺乏关于三级医院护士的相关研究,本研究对南通市三所三级甲等     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.