心搏骤停患者目标体温管理指南的质量评价

目的系统评价国内外心搏骤停患者目标体温管理相关指南的质量,分析各指南的特点,为临床进行基于证据的目标体温管理提供参考。方法系统检索专业学会网站、临床实践指南网站、数据库的心搏骤停患者目标体温管理的相关指南,检索日期自建库至2019年12月30日。采用AGREE II对纳入的指南进行质量评价。结果共筛选出国外6篇相关循证指南,经AGREE II评价的6个领域标准化评分均值分别为:范围与目的97.2%,参与人员43.4%,严谨性63.7%,清晰性84.4%,应用性30.1%和独立性88.1%。6篇指南总体质量评价为1篇A级,5篇B级。结论心搏骤停患者目标体温管理循证指南的整体质量有待提高,部分指南在应用性领域仍有待完善,经过本土化后可以作为我国临床工作的循证证据。     

ICU脑损伤患者目标体温管理的最佳证据总结

目的 检索、评价和总结ICU脑损伤患者目标体温管理的相关证据,为临床提供参考。方法 根据6S证据模型,计算机检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、全球各指南网站、Cochrane Library、Embase等循证医学数据库,PubMed、中国知网等中英文相关数据库及专业学会网站的相关文献,文献类型包括指南、临床决策、专家共识、证据总结、系统评价等,检索时限为2012年1月—2023年4月,由接受循证培训的研究者进行文献评价后提取证据。结果共纳入19篇文献,指南6篇,临床决策3篇,专家共识5篇,系统评价4篇,证据总结1篇。分别从温度范围、启动时机、体温监测、管路建立、镇痛镇静管理、机械通气与氧合管理、血流动力学支持、营养支持、病情监测和神经功能预后评估10个方面汇总了25条最佳证据。结论 该研究总结的脑损伤患者在ICU内目标体温管理的最佳证据具有一定的临床实用性及科学性,可规范医护人员的实践,保障重症患者的安全。     

脑卒中患者目标体温管理的最佳证据总结

目的检索、评价和总结脑卒中患者目标体温管理的相关证据, 并对最佳证据进行汇总。方法根据证据"6S"金字塔模型, 自上而下检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心数据库、国际指南协作网、美国国立指南库、英国国家临床医学研究所指南、苏格兰学院间指南网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会、美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会、欧洲卒中组织网站、医脉通、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学数据库中关于脑卒中患者目标体温管理的相关的临床实践指南、专家共识、证据总结、系统评价。检索时限为建库至2022年10月7日。由2名接受过循证护理培训的研究人员独立对文献质量进行评价、提取和整合, 总结出最佳证据。结果共纳入文献12篇, 其中指南3篇、系统评价4篇和专家共识5篇, 从目标体温人群、目标体温的实施、并发症监测、营养支持及预后评估5个方面总结出24条最佳证据。结论本研究采用循证的方法系统总结脑卒中患者目标体温管理的最佳证据, 可为临床医护人员对脑卒中患者进行体温...     

1例心搏骤停复苏后患者的人工亚低温循证治疗

目的为1例心搏骤停复苏后昏迷患者制定人工亚低温循证治疗方案。方法针对提出的临床问题，检索Medline（1981—2006年）和Cochrane图书馆（2006年第2期）。结果检索发现，关于心搏骤停复苏后人工亚低温治疗RCT3篇和SR1篇，通过分析检索结果、结合临床医生经验及患者实际情况，为患者制定了循证治疗方案，通过6个月随访发现证实，该方案适合患者。结论对心搏骤停复苏后昏迷者，采用人工亚低温治疗可改善患者的预后。     

颅脑创伤患者目标温度管理护理实践最佳证据总结

目的 评价与总结对颅脑创伤患者行目标温度管理的最佳证据,为临床护理操作提供科学依据.方法 计算机检索BMJ最佳临床实践、澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心数据库、美国国立指南库、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方、中国知网等数据库中关于颅脑创伤患者目标温度管理的所有文献,检索时限为2010年1月至2020...     

亚低温对于心搏骤停患者复苏后心脏功能的影响

<正>心搏骤停患者自主循环恢复以后,45%～60%会发生不同程度的心功能障碍并导致严重的血液动力学紊乱,复苏后72h内的死亡多与此有关~([1])。造成心脏功能异常的原因是多方面的,包括造成心搏骤停的原因通常是心肌梗死,心肌梗死会造成室壁运动障碍,心搏骤停后的心肌顿抑,缺血再灌注损伤等等~([2])。目前可以明确改善复苏后心功能的药物和治疗措施不多。亚低温是指将患者的体温降至32～34℃维持12～24h,作为唯一一项可以     

亚低温治疗对心搏骤停后复苏成功患者的疗效分析

目的 探讨亚低温治疗对心搏骤停后心肺复苏术成功患者的疗效.方法 按照组间基线资料匹配原则,将本院2018年5月至2020年5月心搏骤停后心肺复苏术成功的46例患者随机分组,对照组23例予以常规治疗,观察组23例予以亚低温治疗,观察两组血乳酸清除率、脑神经功能及存活率.结果 与对照组相比,复苏成功6h和24h后,观察组患...     

成人肝移植病人围术期体温管理最佳证据总结

目的:检索肝移植手术病人围术期体温管理相关证据,对最佳证据进行总结。方法:应用PIPOST模式构建循证问题,系统检索国际指南网、加拿大安大略护理学会网站、澳大利亚循证卫生保健中心、英国国家临床医学研究所指南库、美国围术期注册护士协会、苏格兰院际指南协作网、UpToDate、the Cochrane Library、BMJ、PubMed、CINAHL、医脉通、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等国内外数据库中关于肝移植病人围术期体温管理的所有证据,包括循证指南或共识指南、专家共识、系统评价、最佳实践信息册等。检索时限为建库至2022年9月30日。由两名具有循证资质的小组成员应用相应的质量评价工具对各类文献进行独立评价,从中筛选提取最佳证据,并进行归类与整理。结果:纳入文献11篇,包含指南2篇、系统评价4篇、专家共识5篇,共提炼出包括术前评估、体温监测、预保温措施、无肝前期干预措施、无肝期干预措施、新肝期干预措施、术后干预措施和质量管理8个维度共37条最佳证据。结论:本研究总结提炼的肝移植病人围术期体温管理的最佳证据,可为临床护理提供循证证据,有效指导临床护士进行围术期体温管理,...     

北京市护理人员对心脏骤停患者目标体温管理的现状调查

目的调查北京市护理人员对心脏骤停患者目标体温管理的现状。方法采用便利抽样法,采用自行设计的调查问卷调查2017年9月—12月北京市22所医院的急诊科和ICU的护理人员,调查内容包括调查科室和护理人员的一般特征、护理人员对心脏骤停患者目标体温管理的认知及实践。结果共发放900份问卷,791名(87.9%)护理人员完成调查。其中87.1%的护士不知道目标体温管理的概念,84.8%的护士不知道亚低温治疗的概念。仅有6.4%的护理人员表示会对心脏骤停患者进行目标体温管理,32个科室中只有4个科室以及5.7%的护理人员表示对心脏骤停患者实施过亚低温治疗,未实施的主要原因是科室未开展亚低温治疗、对相关知识了解较少。而执行过目标体温管理的护理人员表示,在实施亚低温治疗过程中会更频繁地使用静脉滴注冰盐水和冰袋、冰帽、冰毯来诱导和维持目标体温,而很少使用先进的自粘式体表降温毯和血管内降温技术。结论心脏骤停患者的目标体温管理在中国仍处于应用早期阶段,北京市护理人员对目标体温管理的认知和实践尚不足,需要进一步提升。     

Esophageal temperature after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An observational study

Introduction

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a significant cause of death and severe neurological disability. The only post-return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) therapy shown to increase survival is mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH). The relationship between esophageal temperature post OHCA and outcome is still poorly defined.

Methods

Prospective observational study of all OHCA patients admitted to a single centre for a 14-month period (1/08/2008 to 31/09/2009). Esophageal temperature was measured in the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Selected patients had pre-hospital temperature monitoring. Time taken to reach target temperature after ROSC was recorded, together with time to admission to the Emergency Department and ICU.

Results

164 OHCA patients were included in the study. 105 (64.0%) were pronounced dead in the Emergency Department. 59 (36.0%) were admitted to ICU for cooling; 40 (24.4%) died in ICU and 19 (11.6%) survived to hospital discharge. Patients who achieved ROSC and had esophageal temperature measured pre-hospital (n = 29) had a mean pre-hospital temperature of 33.9 °C (95% CI 33.2-34.5). All patients arriving in the ED post OHCA had a relatively low esophageal temperature (34.3 °C, 95% CI 34.1-34.6). Patients surviving to hospital discharge were warmer on admission to ICU than patients who died in hospital (35.7 °C vs 34.3 °C, p < 0.05). Patients surviving to hospital discharge also took longer to reach T_targ than non-survivors (2 h 48 min vs 1 h 32 min, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Following OHCA all patients have esophageal temperatures below normal in the pre-hospital phase and on arrival in the Emergency Department. Patients who achieve ROSC following OHCA and survive to hospital discharge are warmer on arrival in ICU and take longer to reach target MTH temperatures compared to patients who die in hospital. The mechanisms of action underlying esophageal temperature and survival from OHCA remain unclear and further research is warranted to clarify this relationship.     

A structured educational intervention to improve targeted temperature management utilization after cardiac arrest

Purpose

Post-arrest targeted temperature management (TTM) has been shown to dramatically improve outcomes after resuscitation, yet studies have revealed inconsistent and slow adoption. Little is known about barriers to TTM implementation and methods to increase adoption. We hypothesized that a structured educational intervention might increase TTM use.

Materials and Methods

Subjects participated in mixed quantitative/qualitative surveys before and after attending a series of TTM educational courses from October 2010 to October 2011, to determine usage and barriers to implementation. A knowledge examination was also administered to participants before and after the course.

Results

Clinicians completed 227 surveys (129 pre-training and 98 post-training) and 343 exams (165 pre-training and 178 post-training). A ranking survey (score range 1-7; 7 as most challenging) found that communication challenges (mean score 4.7 ± 1.5) and lacking adequate education (4.3 ± 1.9) were the 2 most emphasized barriers to implementation. Post-survey results found that 95% (93/98) of respondents felt more confident initiating TTM post-intervention. There was a statistically significant increase in self-reported TTM usage after participation in the program (P < .01).

Conclusions

A focused TTM program led to increased confidence and usage among participants. Future work will focus on targeted training to address specific barriers and increase TTM utilization.     

Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest with anaphylaxis

Fatal anaphylaxis is uncommon but not rare. Extrapolated mortality rates are 0.52% of total anaphylaxis patients Bock et al. (Jan. 2001) [1]. Nevertheless, compared with the incidence of the other cardiac arrest events, the incidence of cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis is relatively small. As a result, the effect using targeted temperature management after anaphylaxis is not clearly understood. We report the case of a 63-year-old man who developed cardiac arrest after ingestion of two pieces of peach. He was resuscitated and his circulation returned spontaneously after approximately 11 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but he was unresponsive and had fixed dilated pupils. We initiated therapeutic hypothermia on the basis of protocol for 24 h. The patient was gradually and successfully cooled and rewarmed. The patient opened his eyes spontaneously on day 5, obeyed commands on day 6, and was discharged on day 18. At the time of discharge, he had no neurologic deficiencies or other complications.     

Thrombin-antithrombin levels are associated with survival in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest

Background

Following successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest, a prothrombotic state may contribute to end-organ dysfunction. We examined whether the level of serum thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) in patients hospitalized after cardiac arrest was associated with survival or the development of multiple organ failure (MOF).

Methodology

A prospective cohort study of subjects with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) treated between 1/1/2007 and 5/30/2010 at a single tertiary care referral center. TAT levels were measured at hospital arrival and 24 h after cardiac arrest. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between TAT levels and survival and development of MOF.

Results

Data were available for 86 subjects. TAT levels decreased over time. Initial TAT levels (OR 0.03; 95%CI 0.001, 0.62) and category of illness severity (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.21, 0.73) were associated with survival. Male gender (OR 3.86; 95% CI 1.17, 12.75) and category of illness severity (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.09, 3.20), but not TAT levels were associated with development of MOF. Neither the 24-h TAT level, nor the change in TAT from initial to 24 h was associated with survival when adjusted for category of illness severity.

Conclusions

Initial serum TAT levels and category of illness severity are associated with survival. TAT levels are not associated with development of MOF. Initial TAT levels may be a useful prognostic adjunct in the post arrest population.     

Cold saline infusion and ice packs alone are effective in inducing and maintaining therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest

Aim of the study

Hypothermia treatment with cold intravenous infusion and ice packs after cardiac arrest has been described and used in clinical practice. We hypothesised that with this method a target temperature of 32-34 °C could be achieved and maintained during treatment and that rewarming could be controlled.

Materials and methods

Thirty-eight patients treated with hypothermia after cardiac arrest were included in this prospective observational study. The patients were cooled with 4 °C intravenous saline infusion combined with ice packs applied in the groins, axillae, and along the neck. Hypothermia treatment was maintained for 26 h after cardiac arrest. It was estimated that passive rewarming would occur over a period of 8 h. Body temperature was monitored continuously and recorded every 15 min up to 44 h after cardiac arrest.

Results

All patients reached the target temperature interval of 32-34 °C within 279 ± 185 min from cardiac arrest and 216 ± 177 min from induction of cooling. In nine patients the temperature dropped to below 32 °C during a period of 15 min up to 2.5 h, with the lowest (nadir) temperature of 31.3 °C in one of the patients. The target temperature was maintained by periodically applying ice packs on the patients. Passive rewarming started 26 h after cardiac arrest and continued for 8 ± 3 h. Rebound hyperthermia (>38 °C) occurred in eight patients 44 h after cardiac arrest.

Conclusions

Intravenous cold saline infusion combined with ice packs is effective in inducing and maintaining therapeutic hypothermia, with good temperature control even during rewarming.     

Therapeutic temperature management after cardiac arrest and the risk of bleeding: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim

Prognosis after cardiac arrest in the era of modern critical care is still poor with a high mortality of approximately 90%. Around 30% of the survivors have neurological impairments. Targeted temperature management (TTM) is the only treatment option which can improve mortality and neurological outcome. It is so far unclear if bleeding complications occur more often in patients undergoing TTM treatment.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature research in September 2013 including three major databases i.e. MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL. All studies were rated in respect to the ILCOR Guidelines and concerning their level of evidence and quality. We then performed a meta-analysis on bleeding disposition under TTM.

Results

We initially found 941 studies out of which 34 matched our requirements and were thus included in our overview. Five studies including 599 patients were summarized in a meta-analysis concerning bleeding complications of all severities. There was a trend toward higher bleeding in patients treated with TTM (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.97–1.74) which did not reach significance (p = 0.085). Seven studies with an overall 599 patients were included in our meta-analysis on bleeding requiring transfusion. There was no significant difference in the incidence of severe bleeding with a risk ratio of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.61–1.56, p = 0.909).

Conclusions

The data included in our meta-analysis indicate that, concerning the risk of bleeding, TTM is a safe method for patients after cardiac arrest. We did not observe a significantly higher risk for bleeding in patients undergoing TTM.     

Comparison of non-calibrated pulse-contour analysis with continuous thermodilution for cardiac output assessment in patients with induced hypothermia after cardiac arrest

Aim

Induced mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest interferes with clinical assessment of the cardiovascular status of patients. In this situation, non-invasive cardiac output measurement could be useful. Unfortunately, arterial pulse contour is altered by temperature, and the performance of devices using arterial blood pressure contour analysis to derive cardiac output may be insufficient.

Methods

Mild hypothermia (32-34 °C) was induced in eight patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and successful resuscitation. Cardiac output (CO) was measured simultaneously by continuous thermodilution using a pulmonary artery catheter and a cardiac output monitor (Vigilance II, Edwards Lifesciences) and by pulse contour analysis using an arterial line and the Vigileo monitor (Edwards Lifesciences) during both normothermia (>36 °C) and hypothermia. Continuous CO from both monitors was compared (Bland-Altman) and concordance of changes measured in consecutive 8-min intervals was measured.

Results

Mean cardiac output was 3.9 ± 1.2 l/min during hypothermia and 6.1 ± 2.6 l/min during normothermia (p < 0.001). During hypothermia (normothermia), bias was 0.23 (0.77) l/min, precision (1 SD) was 0.6 (0.72) l/min, and the limits of agreement were −1.06 to 1.51 (−0.64 to 2.18) l/min, corresponding to a percentage error of ±34% (±24%). Concordance of directional CO changes >10% was 53.9% in hypothermia and 51.4% in normothermia.

Conclusion

Induced hypothermia was not associated with increased bias or limits of agreement for the comparison of Vigileo and continuous thermodilution, but percentage error was high during normothermia and increased further during hypothermia. Less than 50% of clinically relevant CO changes during hypothermia were concordant.     

The effect of targeted temperature management on coagulation parameters and bleeding events after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac cause

AimsTargeted temperature management (TTM) is part of the standard treatment of comatose patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) to attenuate neurological injury. In other clinical settings, hypothermia promotes coagulopathy leading to an increase in bleeding and thrombosis tendency. Thus, concern has been raised as to whether TTM can be applied safely, as acute myocardial infarction requiring primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the need of effective antiplatelet therapy is frequent following OHCA. This study investigated the influence of TTM at 33 or 36 °C on various laboratory and coagulation parameters.Methods and resultsIn this single-center predefined substudy of the TTM trial, 171 patients were randomized to TTM at either 33 or 36 °C in the postresuscitation phase. The two subgroups were compared regarding standard laboratory coagulation parameters, thrombelastography (TEG), bleeding, and stent thrombosis events. Platelet counts were lower in the TTM33-group compared to TTM36 (p = 0.009), but neither standard coagulation nor TEG-parameters showed any difference between the groups. TEG revealed a normocoagulable state in the majority of patients, while approximately 20% of the population presented as hypercoagulable. Adverse events included 38 bleeding events, one stent thrombosis, and one reinfarction, with no significant difference between the groups.ConclusionsThere was no evidence supporting the assumption that TTM at 33 °C was associated with impaired hemostasis or increased the frequency of adverse bleeding and thrombotic events compared to TTM at 36 °C. We found that TTM at either temperature can safely be applied in the postresuscitation phase after acute myocardial infarction and primary PCI.     

老年肌少症患者营养管理的最佳证据总结

目的 提取、评价和综合老年肌少症患者营养管理的相关证据,为制订科学、有效的老年肌少症患者营养管理方案提供循证依据。方法 计算机检索乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心数据库、Cochrane Library、DynaMed循证医学临床决策网站、英国卫生与临床优化研究所指南网、国际实践指南图书馆、加拿大安大略注册护士协会指南网、WHO指南网、苏格兰校际间指南网、美国临床实践指南网、加拿大临床实践指南信息库、UpToDate临床决策、中国医脉通临床指南网、Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、中华医学会期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于老年肌少症患者营养管理措施的所有证据,检索文献类型包括指南、专家共识、临床决策、证据总结、系统评价或Meta分析,检索时间为建库至2022年1月20日。结果 共纳入18篇文献,包括1篇指南、1篇临床决策、6篇专家共识、10篇系统评价。总结了包含营养筛查和评估、营养素摄入、营养监测和健康教育4个类别的32条证据。结论 该研究总结了老年肌少症患者营养管理的最佳证据,证据总结过程科学、严谨和全面。医护人员应结合实际情境和患者个体因素选择最佳证据,指导老年肌少症患者安全有效地改善机体营养状况,提高生活质量。