高位急性阑尾炎的临床及CT诊断分析

目的 :探讨CT诊断高位急性阑尾炎的价值,进一步提高对本病的认识和CT诊断水平。方法 :收集我院20例经手术证实的高位急性阑尾炎患者,回顾性分析其临床及CT资料。结果:20例中,5例阑尾根部位置平脐;11位于脐上;4例位于脐下,但其头部向后上走行至肝脏下方。CT表现为阑尾增粗20例,阑尾积液13例,阑尾结石12例,阑尾周围炎性渗出14例,阑尾炎性包块3例,阑尾穿孔2例,盆腹腔少量积液3例。结论:临床上对不典型右上腹或中上腹部疼痛患者应考虑高位阑尾炎的可能,及早行CT检查有助于高位急性阑尾炎的早期诊断,以减少并发症和指导临床治疗。     

CT对不典型阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的探讨CT对症状不典型急性阑尾炎的诊断价值。方法收集临床首诊未考虑阑尾炎,而经手术和病理证实的阑尾炎病例23例,对其CT表现进行观察分析。结果有11例表现为阑尾增粗,肠壁增厚;2例表现为右下腹脓肿;2例盲肠周围可见少量游离气体影;3例女性患者表现为盆腔脓肿;4例表现为盲肠及回肠肠壁增厚,周围渗液;1例伴有小肠梗阻。其中6例阑尾内可见结石。结论 CT能清楚显示阑尾的位置、形态以及周围组织的关系,对不典型阑尾炎的临床诊断,具有较高价值。     

急性阑尾炎的CT检查与诊断

目的:探讨急性阑尾炎的CT诊断及其应用价值.材料和方法:33例经手术病理和(或)穿刺活检证实的阑尾炎CT资料,就CT表现、分型和诊断价值加以分析.结果:33例临床疑诊急性阑尾炎患者中,CT诊断为急性阑尾炎6例(18.18%);急性阑尾炎并阑尾周围炎10例(30.30%);急性阑尾炎伴阑尾穿孔3例(9.09%);阑尾脓肿10例(30.30%)和炎性肿块4例(12.31%).急性阑尾炎的直接CT表现有:阑尾增粗(直径＞6mm),壁增厚;阑尾结石.间接表现则有:阑尾周围脂肪组织内条索状影;阑尾周围间隙内渗液及游离气体影;阑尾脓肿或炎性肿块等.结论:对临床疑似病例做螺旋CT检查有助于诊断或排除急性阑尾炎,并可对阑尾脓肿、炎性包块与回盲部肿瘤作出鉴别.     

MSCT对老年人不典型阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对老年人不典型阑尾炎的诊断价值。方法搜集32例年龄>60岁,临床首诊非急性阑尾炎的病例,而经MSCT诊断为急性阑尾炎,并且均经手术及病理证实。回顾性分析其CT表现及特征。结果 32例急性阑尾炎患者中,单纯性阑尾炎5例,化脓性阑尾炎伴阑尾周围炎18例,坏疽伴穿孔性阑尾炎7例,阑尾脓肿2例,其中,阑尾腔内肠石19例,肠石位于阑尾腔外1例,并发腹膜炎3例,结肠肿瘤2例。结论老年人急性阑尾炎的临床症状和体征大多不典型,易误诊。MSCT平扫及图像后处理技术的联合应用,能直观地显示阑尾的形态及病理改变,在对老年人急性阑尾炎快速、准确的诊断中,有重要的临床应用价值。     

多排螺旋CT在不典型急性阑尾炎诊断中的应用

目的探讨多排螺旋CT在不典型急性阑尾炎诊断中的意义。方法对56例不典型急性阑尾炎患者CT影像、治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果 56例中,男20例,女36例,年龄17～88岁,平均(51.5±15.7)岁。发病时间1 h～7 d。螺旋CT均显示阑尾图像。CT影像表现为阑尾水肿增粗、管壁增厚33例,其中23例伴有阑尾周围渗出、积液。9例阑尾周围脓肿,5例阑尾腔内发现肠石。15例发现回盲部肠壁增厚,2例发现升结肠肿物。5例显示正常阑尾影像,其中2例发现右附件肿物,2例小肠节段性肠壁增厚,1例肠系膜淋巴结肿大。CT扫描结合临床诊断急性阑尾炎51例,行手术治疗47例,均经病理组织学检查证实。5例排除阑尾炎。结论多排螺旋CT阑尾影像特征对不典型急性阑尾炎诊断和治疗选择有重要价值。     

螺旋CT多平面重建对临床不典型阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT多平面重建(MPR)对无典型临床表现阑尾炎的诊断价值.方法:搜集临床首次诊断未考虑为阑尾炎,手术和病理证实为阑尾炎者19例,回顾性分析比较螺旋CT轴扫和多平面重建(MPR)两种方法的诊断符合率.结果:8例表现为阑尾增粗、壁增厚并有明显强化,其中4例阑尾内见结石;盲肠和(或)周围炎10例;右下腹局限性脓肿5例,其中2例伴斑点钙化.采用螺旋CT轴扫法误诊为回盲部及升结肠肿瘤2例,盆腔炎1例,误诊率15.8%,诊断符合率84.2%.采用螺旋CT多平面重建法误诊为回盲部及升结肠肿瘤1例,误诊率5.3%,诊断符合率94.7%.结论:症状和体征不典型的阑尾炎临床诊断困难,易误诊,螺旋CT MPR方法简单,可从不同角度观察病变部位及其周围情况,有利于鉴别诊断,提高诊断符合率,具有较高的临床价值.     

MSCT及后处理技术对不典型急性阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的:探讨MSCT及后处理技术对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值。方法:收集临床表现及实验室检查不典型但经手术病理证实的12例急性阑尾炎的MSCT原始数据,行薄层重建,并在后处理工作站上行MPR及CPR,以观察急性阑尾炎的CT表现。结果:MPR及CPR均能清晰、直观显示急性炎症阑尾及周围情况,CPR还能显示炎症阑尾全貌;其中12例均表现为阑尾增粗、积液,5例可见阑尾周围炎,5例可见阑尾粪石崁顿。结论:MSCT及后处理技术对急性阑尾炎具有较高的诊断价值,尤其能为临床表现及实验室检查不典型的急性阑尾炎的诊断提供重要影像依据。     

MSCT诊断异位急性阑尾炎的临床价值分析

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对异位急性阑尾炎的的诊断价值。方法搜集26例临床首诊非急性阑尾炎,而经MSCT诊断为异位急性阑尾炎的病例,分析其CT表现及特征,并将诊断结果与手术及病理结果进行对照分析。结果 26例异位阑尾炎患者中,高位阑尾炎5例,盆腔阑尾炎20例,反向转位阑尾炎1例,其中1例为右侧腹股沟疝合并急性阑尾炎。CT表现直接征象为异位的阑尾水肿,增粗、管壁增厚,阑尾腔内粪石,间接征象为阑尾周围炎,肠系膜增厚,肠系膜根部淋巴结肿大。所有阑尾炎病例中,CT诊断为单纯性阑尾炎7例,化脓性阑尾炎19例,并阑尾腔内肠石6例,均行手术切除,与病理结果一致。结论异位急性阑尾炎有典型的CT表现,MSCT的平扫及图像后处理技术的联合应用,能直观地显示异位的阑尾的位置、形态及病理改变,在对异位急性阑尾炎的快速、准确的诊断中,有重要的临床应用价值。     

32层螺旋CT三维重组在急性阑尾炎诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值

目的：探讨32层螺旋CT三维重组诊断急性阑尾炎的临床应用。方法：搜集60例临床拟诊急性阑尾炎的病例,采用32层螺旋CT进行扫描,以1.25mm层厚行薄层多平面容积重组图像后处理,总结分析其CT表现,并将诊断结果与手术及病理结果进行对照。结果：60例患者中,诊断为急性阑尾炎54例,右侧腹股沟疝1例,右侧输尿管下段结石1例,胆囊炎1例,结肠肿瘤1例,假阴性2例。其中CT表现为阑尾水肿、增粗、管壁增厚者52例,阑尾腔内肠石10例,阑尾周围炎45例,回盲部壁增厚12例,阑尾脓肿2例,阑尾穿孔2例,其中1例并发腹膜炎及麻痹性小肠梗阻。结论：急性阑尾炎有典型的CT表现,32层螺旋CT三维重组及图像后处理技术能从不同角度显示阑尾及其周围情况,在急性阑尾炎的诊断和鉴别诊断中,有较高的临床应用价值。     

儿童急性阑尾炎的CT表现及其评价

目的：探讨儿童急性阑尾炎的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析本院2007年1月～2008年12月经手术和病理证实的55例小儿急性阑尾炎的临床和CT资料,总结其CT表现特点和临床应用价值。结果：55例急性阑尾炎中,卡他型12例,化脓型25例,坏疽型18例。CT表现为阑尾肿胀增粗（37/55）;阑尾腔内肠石（35/55）;阑尾腔内积气（17/55）;阑尾穿孔并周围脓肿形成（18/55）;阑尾周围组织密度不均匀升高（19/55）;相邻盲肠壁增厚（24/55）;腹水（11/55）;肠梗阻（5/55）;其它还有肝脓肿、NEC等并发症形成。结论：儿童急性阑尾炎的CT表现具有一定特点,CT检查可显示阑尾及其周围组织结构的病理改变,为临床明确诊断提供客观依据,尤其适用于儿童。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.