胆囊切除术后黄疸

目的：分析胆囊切除术后产生黄疸的原因及预防措施。方法：分析我院1992年8月至1998年8月1832例胆囊切除术病例。结果：经B超、CT、手术、肝功证实：①胆道损伤造成的黄疸7例;②胆道内残余结石所至黄疸8例;③引流物造成黄疸4例;④肝细胞性黄疸12例。结论：明道损伤、胆道残余结石、不恰当的引流及术前肝功不良等是胆囊切除术后黄疸常见的原因;因此,合理的手术方式、术中必要的检查、恰当的引流及围手术期保肝等是预防胆囊切除术后黄疸的措施。     

舒芬太尼用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后静脉镇痛的临床观察

【目的】观察舒芬太尼用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后静脉镇痛的疗效。【方法】择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者60例,随机分为舒芬太尼组（S组）和芬太尼组（F组）,各30例。观察术后4、12、24、48h各时间点的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）和镇静评分,以及术后有无恶心、呕吐及皮肤瘙痒等不良反应。【结果】术后4、12、24hS组的VAS明显低于F组,术后4h、12h的镇静评分S组明显高于F组（P〈0.05）,S组恶心、呕吐发生率明显低于F组（P〈0.05）。【结论】舒芬太尼用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术静脉镇痛更为舒适有效,镇静效果优于芬太尼,且不良反应少。     

Day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objectives:

To assess the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a day-case procedure.

Methods:

All consecutive patients who were admitted to the day-surgery unit for laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Department of Surgery, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from July 2009 to June 2013 were considered for this retrospective study. The medical records were reviewed for age, gender, presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging studies, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade, anesthesia, conversion to open cholecystectomy, complications, the operating surgeons, pain management, nausea, and vomiting, overnight stay, readmission, morbidity, mortality, and outpatient follow up were collected and analyzed.

Results:

A total of 487 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a day case (ASA I=316, ASA II=171). Surgery was performed by high surgical trainees (HSTs) (n=417) and consultants (n=70) with conversion to open cholecystectomy in 4 patients. Twenty-two (5%) patients were admitted for overnight stay for different reasons, while 465 (95%) patients were discharged before 8 pm. Two patients (0.4 %) were re-admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain. Five patients developed umbilical port site infection (1%). A total of 443 patients were satisfied (97%), while 14 (3%) were unsatisfied. There was no mortality or intra-abdominal septic collection.

Conclusion:

Day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible with optimal patient selection, education, and planned postoperative antiemetic and analgesia management.The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was performed by Muhe in 1985.1 Since then LC skills have progressively improved, and it has become the gold standard treatment for gallstone disease.2 It is most common to perform LC on an inpatient basis in the surgical ward or in the short stay unit with overnight admission. However, recent reports have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of day-case (DC) LC for selected patients.3-6 Advantages of DCLC over inpatient LC include early return to the community and work,3 lower cost,6 avoiding complications associated with hospital stay.6 However, this trend should not jeopardize the safety of the procedure because of early patient discharge. There are many concerns in treating surgeons mind embarking on DCLC. The serious complication of bleeding is usually detected at the time of surgery whereas bile duct injury, if not detected intra-operatively, manifests few days later.3 Other concerns are the management of post-operative pain, nausea, and vomiting. Experience, mostly from advanced centers did not find any difference between DCLC and overnight stay LC.3 However in an area like ours, where primary care facilities are not well integrated with hospitals, patients would have to return to the hospital if these postoperative problems could not be managed adequately at home. This study was undertaken to assess the experience with DCLC at this center with regard to feasibility, safety, postoperative management of pain, vomiting, and other complications, hospital re-admission rate, and patient satisfaction.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术的比较

目的：比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）与开腹胆囊切除术（OC）2种术式的优越性。方法：105例胆囊疾病患者分为两组,53例行LC,52例行OC,比较2种术式手术时间、术中出血量及术后抗生素应用时间、肛门排气时间、进食时间和住院时间。结果：LC组手术时间、术中出血量及术后抗生素应用时间、肛门排气时间、进食时间、住院时间等均较OC组患者减少或降低。结论：LC是一种安全可靠的手术方法,与传统的开腹手术相比具有创伤小、出血少、术野清楚、切口美观、术后恢复快、住院时间短等优点,将成为胆囊切除术的首选术式。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术和开腹胆囊切除术后并发症 发生率的对比

目的 评价胆囊结石患者救治中施以开腹胆囊切除术或者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床意义.方法 选取胆囊结石患者118例,将其分为两组,其中常规组58例,选择开腹胆囊切除术对其施以治疗;治疗组60例,选择腹腔镜胆囊切除术对其施以治疗,观察两组手术指征和预后情况.结果 评定疗效,发现治疗组术后排气时长以及住院时长、出血量等指标优于常规组(P<0.05);治疗组60例患者中有3例(5.00%)出现并发症,常规组58例中有17例(29.31%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 开腹手术以及腹腔镜手术都可以充分切除患者胆囊组织,但腹腔镜手术在创伤性、安全性等方面都表现出优势,有助于促进患者术后康复,防止出现并发症,因此建议在胆囊结石患者救治中持续应用.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的比较经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(TUSPLC)与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的手术疗效,探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的安全性、可行性及特点。方法选择山西医科大学第一临床医学院普外科近期施行的经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术50例为单孔组,同一医师施行的传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术50例为对照组,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术中有无副损伤、术后疼痛程度、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后并发症发生率及术后住院时间等指标。结果两组手术均顺利完成,单孔组与对照组平均手术时间分别为(65.20±28.75)min和(61.50±21.00)min,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术中出血量、术后住院时间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组术后肠功能恢复时间分别为(22.76±4.22)h和(28.02±5.04)h,单孔组早于对照组(P<0.05)。单孔组术后疼痛程度明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术中均无副损伤,术后均无出血、胆瘘等并发症发生。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术相比,具有术后疼痛轻、恢复快、腹部瘢痕不明显且隐避等优点,是安全、可行且更加微创的手术。     

Laser laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Fifty consecutive patients underwent laser laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LLC) and four (8%) required conversion to open surgery. Among the 46, there was no mortality, no major morbidity, an average operating time of 101 minutes and hospital stay averaging 1.3 days. Patients experienced minimal pain and disability. Most were able to return to work within three days and to resume normal vigorous activity within seven days. The operation represents a major advance in the treatment of gallbladder disease.     

腹腔镜与小切口手术切除胆囊治疗胆结石的临床疗效分析

目的探讨2种治疗胆囊结石的手术方式的临床疗效。方法 174例胆囊结石患者随机分为观察组（104例）和对照组（70例）,观察组采取腹腔镜胆囊切除术,对照组采取小切口胆囊切除术。结果观察组手术切口、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复、下床活动时间、住院时间较之对照组明显更佳（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床疗效更好。     

腹腔镜下胆囊切除术与传统开腹胆囊切除术的临床疗效对比

目的对比腹腔镜下胆囊切除术与传统开腹胆囊切除术的临床疗效。方法选取210例胆囊切除术患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组105例。观察组接受腹腔镜下胆囊切除术,对照组接受传统开腹胆囊切除术。比较两组患者手术疗效及并发症发生情况。结果观察组术中术后情况均显著优于对照组(P0.05),观察组并发症发生率为9.52%,明显低于对照组的18.10%(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下胆囊切除术与传统开腹胆囊切除术相比,手术疗效更好,并发症更少,患者负重更轻,有利于早日康复。     

多瑞吉联合罗哌卡因用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的临床研究

目的 研究多瑞吉联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的效能和安全性.方法 择期全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者120例,均分为3组.罗哌组(A组):缝合切口前向胆囊床喷洒及切口局部浸润0.5%罗哌卡因;多瑞吉组(B组):入手术室时胸前贴多瑞吉贴膜;联合组(C组):入手术室时胸前贴多瑞吉,缝合切口前向胆囊床喷洒及切口局部浸润0.5%罗哌卡因.术中3组均采用气管插管控制呼吸异丙酚、芬太尼静脉麻醉,术后持续监测血氧饱和度、呼吸、血压、心电图,进行VAS评分、Ramsay评分,观察有无恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、眩晕、呼吸抑制等副反应.结果 镇痛效果:A组术后6 h内、B组术后6～48 h内镇痛效果满意,C组在术后48 h内镇痛效果满意;呼吸影响:3组病例均未出现血氧饱和度低于90%;副反应:恶心、呕吐发生率3组相似.瘙痒、眩晕发生率B、C组略高于A组,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 多瑞吉联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后镇痛安全有效.     

两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用

目的:寻求更具有微创意义的两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术式的可行性和临床应用价值.方法:回顾分析36例行两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料.结果:成功完成两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术35例,改为三孔法1例,无一例中转开腹及手术并发症发生.结论:采用两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除的术式是安全可行的,可减轻术后的疼痛,伤口的外观达到美容的效果.     

单孔腹腔镜与传统多孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术疗效对比荟萃分析

目的 对单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy,SILC)与传统腔镜胆囊切除术(conventionallaparoscopic cholecystectomy,CLC)疗效进行系统评价.方法 检索2010年1月至2015年1月Medline(Ovid SP),PubMed,Embase,Science Citation Index,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials等外文数据库以及中国生物医学文献数据库.按照纳入排除标准筛选符合标准的文献,Cochrane风险评估偏倚工具进行文献质量评价.使用Review Manager 5.2对术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、外观满意度评分、手术时间、术后住院时间、正常活动恢复时间及不良事件发生率等指标进行荟萃分析.结果 本研究共纳入12项随机对照试验,1022例(SILC 534例;CLC 488例)胆囊疾病患者.SILC在术后6～8h疼痛、患者外观满意度方面显著优于CLC (P=0.001;P＜0.00001),差异有显著性意义.与CLC相比,SILC手术时间相对较长(P=0.002),差异有显著性意义.SILC与CLC在术中出血、不良事件发生率、术后住院时间、正常活动恢复时间方面无差异.结论 SILC提供与CLC相当的安全性和有效性,且具有更好的微创、美观和术后疼痛减轻等特点,值得临床应用.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效比较

目的探讨经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的安全性、可行性。方法随机将80例需行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者分为经脐单孔组和传统三孔法组各40例,比较两组手术中转率、手术时间、术中出血、术后切口疼痛、术后并发症、术后下床活动时间、肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间。结果与传统三孔法相比,经脐单孔组除手术时间长外,其他临床观察指标两组间差异均无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。经脐单孔组术后患者对腹部无可视疤痕满意。结论经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可行的,患者对无可视疤痕满意,有推广价值。     

传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术与经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床疗效对比

目的:对比传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术与经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床疗效。方法:选取收治的胆囊疾病择期手术患者92例,将其分为观察组45例和对照组47例。观察组患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗,对照组患者行传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗。记录并比较两组患者手术用时、术中出血量、切口疼痛度、下床活动时间、消化功能恢复时间及术后住院时间,同时评估患者腹部脐部美观程度。结果:两组患者术中出血量、手术用时、消化功能恢复时间、下床活动时间及术后住院时间比较存在显著差异,观察组患者腹部脐窝外观评分明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊疾病可明显缩短患者术后住院时间、疤痕不明显,具有临床应用及推广价值。     

腹腔镜与小切口胆囊切除术临床对比分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜与小切口胆囊切除术的利弊。方法:将急性结石性胆囊炎、胆囊结石、胆囊息肉患者各60例随机分为腹腔镜胆囊切除组(LC)和小切口胆囊切除组(MC),每组30例。对比分析手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用。结果:急性结石性胆囊炎患者LC与MC临床对比差异无显著性,但胆囊结石、胆囊息肉患者LC与MC临床对比差异性显著,在住院费用上两者有明显差异性。结论:两种术式各有优缺点,应根据患者具体病情及术者经验,选择适合的术式,发挥其优点,真正为患者服务。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统开放手术对比研究

目的旨在探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）与传统开腹手术（OC）的临床效果与安全性。方法将104例良性胆囊疾病患者分为LC组（采取腹腔镜胆囊切除术）74例和OC组（采取传统开腹胆囊切除术）70例,观察两组患者手术及术后并发症发生情况,进行统计学比较。结果 LC组病人的手术所用时间、出血量、切口大小、肠道功能的恢复时间、术后镇痛药物使用及住院时间均少或短于OC组。LC组有1例发生切口感染,OC组5例发生切口感染,2例切口局部血肿,LC组术后并发症发生率明显低于OC组。结论 LC与OC相比较,降低了病人损伤程度、加快了术后恢复速度、减少了并发症的发生,LC是治疗良性胆囊疾病较好的手术方式,临床应该借鉴应用。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术的围术期护理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术的围术期护理。方法术前做好心理护理及常规准备,术后做好一般护理及并发症的观察护理。结果患者均痊愈出院,无1例并发症发生。结论科学、周密地做好腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者围术期的治疗和护理,可以保证手术效果,预防并发症的发生。