北京市房山区2011—2017年小学生健康体检结果分析

目的了解北京市房山区小学生超重、肥胖、龋齿及视力不良的检出情况及其影响因素,为学校卫生工作提供科学依据。方法对北京市房山区2011—2017年小学生健康体检结果进行统计分析,比较不同学年度、不同性别、不同年级及城乡之间超重、肥胖、龋齿和视力不良检出率的趋势与差异。结果 2011—2017年,房山区小学生超重、肥胖及龋齿检出率均呈上升趋势,视力不良检出率2013—2017年间不断增加。平均检出率从高到低依次为视力不良28.9%、肥胖20.1%、超重15.9%和龋齿6.4%(P<0.01)。各检出率均有城乡差异,超重、肥胖及视力不良检出率城镇高于乡村,龋齿检出情况则在乡村更明显(P<0.01)。城乡男生超重、肥胖检出率高于女生,龋齿检出率女生更高。不同年级学生对比,视力不良及龋齿检出率随年级的递增而升高,但超重、肥胖检出情况不同年级之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论房山区小学生存在一定程度的健康问题,应进一步加强学生常见病中视力不良、超重、肥胖及龋齿的防治工作。     

德州市德城区2015——2016学年中小学生常见病及营养状况调查分析

目的了解德州市德城区中小学生健康状况,为开展学校常见病防治工作提供科学依据。方法选取2015—2016学年德城区42所中小学校54 401名学生进行健康体检,对健康体检结果进行统计分析。结果德城区中小学生健康状况总体良好,形态发育正常;常见病检出率依次是视力不良(51.51%)、龋齿(25.48%)、肥胖(17.08%)、超重(16.00%)、沙眼(6.13%)和营养不良(3.17%);小学生生长迟缓、肥胖、龋齿和沙眼检出率高于中学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);中学生视力不良、消瘦和超重检出率高于小学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。城区学生超重、肥胖、视力不良和龋齿检出率高于乡镇学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);乡镇学生生长迟缓、消瘦和沙眼检出率高于城区学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。男生超重、肥胖和沙眼检出率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);女生视力不良、龋齿检出率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论德城区中小学生生长发育趋势良好,但仍有改善空间。视力不良、龋齿和肥胖等情况较为严重,应进一步加强学生常见病防治工作。     

青岛市崂山区托幼机构2004-2011年儿童健康体检结果分析

目的为了解青岛市崂山区托幼机构儿童健康状况动态变化,以便进一步加强和改进托幼机构卫生保健工作。方法收集2004-2011年托幼机构春季儿童体检资料,并对其进行分析。结果 8年来青岛市崂山区托幼机构儿童的低体重儿童检出率呈下降趋势,儿童肥胖检出率及视力异常检出率呈上升趋势,而贫血儿童检出率及龋齿儿童检出率呈下降趋势,经趋势χ2检验,有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论应加强托幼机构儿童健康管理,龋齿、肥胖、贫血和视力异常的儿童是干预重点。     

浦口区中小学生健康体检结果分析

目的了解浦口区中小学生健康状况,为完善学校卫生工作提供依据。方法根据《南京市中小学生健康体检实施方案》要求,对浦口区66所中小学校学生进行健康体检,对其中视力低下、沙眼、龋齿、营养不良、超重及肥胖等学生常见病分性别和年龄组统计分析。结果共46 635名中小学生参与体检,视力低下检出率61.07%,沙眼检出率13.45%,龋齿检出率37.78%,营养不良检出率1.55%,超重检出率9.34%,肥胖检出率23.13%;其中男生沙眼、营养不良和肥胖的检出率均高于女生(P0.01),女生视力低下和龋齿的检出率均高于男生(P0.01);视力低下和沙眼患病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(P0.01),龋齿、超重和肥胖的检出率均随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P0.01)。结论浦口区中小学生健康状况有待改善;应进一步开展学校健康教育,加强学生常见病防制工作。     

2018年濮阳市2100例城区托幼机构儿童健康状况分析

目的分析2018年濮阳市城区托幼机构儿童体格发育指标及龋齿等发生情况,了解城区托幼机构儿童健康状况,为托幼机构卫生保健指导提供依据,提高托幼机构儿童健康水平。方法选取2018年1-12月濮阳市城区6所托幼机构3～6岁儿童2 100例作为研究对象,分析各年龄组儿童体格发育指标,视力、龋齿、贫血的发生情况。结果 2018年濮阳市城区托幼机构儿童生长迟缓、超重和消瘦发生率分别为0.48%(10/2 100)、7.62%(160/2 100)、0.95%(11/2 100);龋齿检出率62.43%(1 311/2 100),贫血检出率2.86%(60/2 100),视力不良发生率11.29%。消瘦、贫血的发生率随着年龄增长呈下降趋势,超重、龋齿发生率随着年龄增长呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);4岁视力下降发生率最高为17.02%(89/523)。结论濮阳市城区托幼机构儿童超重、龋齿和视力不良发生率较高,且随年龄增加有升高趋势;儿童体格锻炼、营养膳食、口腔卫生、视力防控是今后托幼机构卫生保健工作的重点督导内容,应予以重视,提升健康水平。     

苏州市某城区学龄前儿童健康状况调查

[目的]了解苏州市某城区学龄前儿童的健康现状,为制订有针对性的学龄前儿童健康干预措施提供科学依据.[方法]对苏州市某城区2015-2016学年的438名学龄前儿童进行健康检查,并对结果进行卡方检验.[结果]学龄前儿童健康体检问题依次为龋齿(32.88%)、视力异常(12.78%)、超重/肥胖(6.85%)等.男生的超重/肥胖率高于女生.[结论]该区学龄前儿童健康问题较为突出,以龋齿、视力异常、超重/肥胖为主;男生存在的超重/肥胖问题更为突出.相关部门应积极开展有针对性的预防和治疗措施,加强健康教育,促进健康行为形成,从而提高学龄前儿童的健康水平.     

大团社区2015—2017年幼托机构体检结果分析

目的分析大团社区幼托机构2015—2017年儿童体检结果及变化趋势,为幼托机构儿童常见病的预防提供依据。方法对大团社区2015—2017年幼托机构体检结果进行资料整理、分析,项目包括龋齿、包茎、肥胖、营养不良、视力异常及尿常规异常。计数资料比较采用χ~2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2015—2017年于大团社区卫生服务中心体检的幼托机构儿童共4 090名,男生2 143名,女生1 947名;2015—2017年不同时间龋齿、营养不良及尿常规异常的检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),龋齿的检出率呈下降趋势,营养不良及尿常规异常的检出率呈上升趋势;男孩的肥胖检出率(6.57%)高于女孩(3.95%),女孩的尿常规异常检出率(7.44%)高于男孩(4.43%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论儿童营养不良及尿常规异常检出率呈明显上升态势,因此,需加强辖区内幼托机构儿童营养不良及生殖器卫生保健与矫治工作。     

重庆市涪陵区城区6 846名高中生健康体检结果分析

摘要:目的　了解高中生生长发育水平,分析其影响因素,为学校开展卫生保健及学生常见病防治工作提供依据。方法　对2014年涪陵区城区3所中学在校高中学生共6846人进行健康体检,主要项目包括身高、体质量、视力、血压及龋齿患病情况等,对体检结果建立数据库并进行统计学分析。结果　城区高中生的肥胖、视力不良、血压异常、龋齿检出率分别为8.6%、79.3%、5.7%和7.2%。男生的肥胖和血压异常检出率高于女生（肥胖χ2＝403.24,P＜0.01;血压异常χ2＝168.93,P＜0.01）;女生视力不良和龋齿检出率高于男生（视力不良χ2＝70.10,P＜0.01;龋齿χ2＝13.30,P＜0.01）。结论　城区高中生健康状况及常见病发病情况需引起重视。应采取综合防控措施,加强在校高中生常见病防治工作。做好学校健康教育工作,培养学生良好卫生习惯。     

淄博市2003～2007年城区集体儿童查体结果分析

目的:了解近5年来集体儿童的体格发育变化趋势及常见病患病情况,以采取有效措施指导托幼机构做好保健工作。方法:由儿童保健专业医师对淄博市城区15所托幼机构儿童进行每年一次的常规查体,对查体结果及时评价、汇总,对5年的资料进行比较。结果:5年来在园儿童肥胖患病率呈逐年上升趋势,锌、铁缺乏患病率呈持续下降趋势,钙缺乏、贫血患病率持续居于较低水平,视力异常、龋齿患病率持续较高。5年来在园儿童身高、体重评价在均值以上者呈上升趋势。结论:淄博市城区集体儿童体格发育呈加速趋势,预防肥胖、龋齿及视力异常是进一步做好集体儿童卫生保健工作的重点。     

托幼机构儿童健康体检状况分析及对策研究

目的 了解重庆北碚区托幼机构儿童健康体检状况并提出改善措施,以保障在园儿童的身体健康。方法 对北碚区5个街道所有托幼机构儿童2012-2014年健康体检结果进行体检分析。结果 北碚区托幼机构儿童身高、体重达标率达98.93%以上;消瘦、低体重和生长迟缓率分别为0.83%、0.68、0.95%,且呈逐年下降的趋势;肥胖、龋齿及视力不良发生率分别由2012年的5.15%、31.67%、24.03%上升到2014年的6.04%、57.72%、29.33%;私立托幼机构儿童的低体重率、发育迟缓发生率、龋齿患病率、贫血患病率均高于公立托幼机构的儿童,差异有统计学意义。公立托幼机构儿童的肥胖率和超重率明显高于私立托幼机构的儿童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);男童的肥胖率及超重率高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);女童的龋齿患病率、视力不良发生率及营养性贫血发生率高于男童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 北碚区托幼机构儿童健康体检状况良好,但超重及肥胖、龋齿、视力不良情况不容乐观。故今后北碚区托幼机构健康管理的重点为五官保健,妇幼保健机构应加强对私立托幼机构卫生保健工作的督导力度。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.