组织多普勒成像观察银杏叶片长期应用对慢性心力衰竭患者左心室功能的影响

目的采用组织多普勒成像(tissue Doppleri maging,TDI)方法定量观察长期应用银杏叶片对慢性心力衰竭患者左室收缩、舒张功能的影响。方法选取慢性心力衰竭患者84例,随机分为银杏叶片治疗组(治疗组)和对照组,对照组给予呋塞米、螺内酯、培哚普利治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用银杏叶片,12周为1个疗程,共治疗24周,治疗前及治疗后12周、24周采用TDI测量二尖瓣环6个位点收缩期、舒张早期和舒张晚期运动速度峰值VS、VE、VA及VE/VA,计算二尖瓣环6个位点平均速度VMS、VME及VME/VMA,并进行统计学分析。结果两组治疗前VS、VE、VA、VE/VA、VMS、VME、VME/VMA比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗24周后,治疗组VMS、VME、VME/VMA高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组VME高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗12周后,治疗组VMS、VME高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗24周后,治疗组VMS、VME、VMA、VME/VMA均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01,P0.05)。结论采用银杏叶片长期治疗能明显改善慢性心衰患者左心功能。     

Gingko biloba extract inhibits oxidative stress and ameliorates impaired glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, but can not improve spatial learning in offspring from hyperhomocysteinemic rat dams

We aimed to study the effects of gingko biloba extract (EGb) on oxidative stress, astrocyte maturation and cognitive disfunction in offspring of hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in the pregnant rats by administration of methionine (1 gr/kg body weight) dissolved in drinking water throughout pregnancy. One group of animals has received same amount of methionine plus 100 mg/kg/day EGb during pregnancy. On the postnatal day 1, half of the pups from all groups were sacrificed to study the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in different subfractions of brain. Other half of pups were tested in Morris water maze to assess differences in learning and memory performance at the 75 days of age. Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia significantly increased LPO levels especially in mitochondrial subfraction of fetal pup brains. EGb significantly prevented this LPO inrease. Methionine administration to animals reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in pup brains significantly. EGb administration improved GFAP expression significantly. Offspring of hyperhomocysteinemic animals had poor long term spatial memory performance on Morris water maze and EGb administration had no effect on impaired spatial memory. In conclusion, maternally induced hyperhomocysteinemia significantly increased oxidative stress, decreased expression of GFAP and impaired learning performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vivo supplementation with Ginkgo biloba protects membranes against lipid peroxidation

The effect of Ginkgo biloba (Gb) supplementation in vivo was studied on lipid peroxidation of microsomal membranes. Administration of up to 100 mg/kg/day Gb to rats did not significantly affect either the activity of microsomal enzymes, the rate of generation of superoxide anion or the iron reduction rate by rat liver microsomes. Lipid peroxidation, assessed by the generation of lipid radicals measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using POBN as the spin trap, was reduced by 39.7% and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) generation by 30% after Gb supplementation (100 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. Moreover, membranes from Gb treated animals showed a significant lower content of lipid radicals and TBARS after exposure to oxidative stress both in vitro (t-butyl hydroperoxide) and in vivo (acute iron overload). The data presented here showed that Gb extracts were able to limit lipid peroxidation and scavenge lipid radicals in vivo and actively protect membranes from oxidative damage.     

银杏叶提取物对早期糖尿病肾病患者细胞间黏附分子-1和血管细胞黏附分子-1水平的影响

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物对早期糖尿病肾病患者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）水平的影响。方法 63例早期糖尿病肾病患者随机分为两组,对照组（29例）采用糖尿病常规西医治疗,治疗组（34例）在常规治疗基础上加用银杏叶片,疗程均为2个月,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定两组患者治疗前后血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1水平,同时观察尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、空腹血糖（FPG）、血肌酐（SCr）、血脂等指标的变化：结果与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1水平下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,治疗组下降更为明显（P〈0．01）。治疗组治疗后UAER明显降低,SCr、血脂水平改善（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）：结论 银杏叶提取物可通过降低早期糖尿病肾病患者血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1水平而延缓糖尿病肾病的发展。     

Radiographic evidence of mandibular osteoporosis improvement in Wistar rats treated with Ginkgo biloba

Objective: Evaluate the effects of the extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) on the rat mandibular glucocorticoid‐induced‐osteoporosis. Method: 36 female rats were divided into six groups (n=6): control, osteoporosis, positive control and EGb1 (14mg/kg/day), EGb2 (28mg/kg/day), and EGb3 (56mg/kg/day) treatment. Treatments were conducted for 30 days after osteoporosis induction. The animals were euthanized and their left mandibles were removed and radiographed to evaluate the cortical and the periodontal bone support. The control group was compared with the osteoporosis group (Student's t‐test). The other groups were analyzed by ANOVA test followed by Tukey post‐hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: There was a significant reduction in periodontal bone support in the osteoporosis group. The positive control group showed a significant increase in the mesial periodontal bone support, as well as the EGb group treated with 28 and 56 mg/Kg, which showed a significant increase in the mesial and distal periodontal bone support. The mandibular cortical was not affected by osteoporosis; however, the group treated with EGb using 56 mg/Kg showed a significant increase in the thickness of the mandibular cortical. Conclusions: The EGb recovered the periodontal bone support and increased the mandibular cortical thickness. The EGb may be effective in the treatment of osteoporosis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

银杏对小鼠抗体生成细胞作用的研究

目的观察银杏对小鼠抗体生成细胞的作用。方法将健康小鼠随机分为2组,Ⅰ组灌胃生理盐水,Ⅱ组灌胃100%银杏浸出液,均1次/d,连续10 d,检测小鼠抗体生成能力、特异性玫瑰花环形成能力以及小鼠血清IgG水平。结果与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组小鼠抗体生成能力、特异性玫瑰花环形成能力均明显增强,血清IgG水平明显提高。结论银杏可明显增强小鼠抗体生成细胞产生抗体的能力,提高小鼠的体液免疫功能。     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的 研究银杏叶提取物(EGb)抗糖尿病大鼠心肌、睾丸、脑组织脂质过氧化作用。方法 用链脲佐菌素制备SD大鼠糖尿病模型。测定EGb对糖尿病大鼠血液葡萄糖、胰岛素水平,心肌、睾丸、脑组织内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果 与糖尿病组相比,EGb治疗组大鼠血糖下降、胰岛素升高,心肌、睾丸、脑组织内SOD活性明显升高,MDA含量明显降低。结论 EGb能提高糖尿病大鼠组织抗氧化能力。     

Effects of Ginkgo biloba on haemostatic factors and inflammation in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Ginkgo biloba extract decreased plasma D-dimer concentration, a marker of intravascular coagulation, in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. Blood levels of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, hs-CRP, albumin and liver enzyme levels were not significantly changed. No bleeding episode was reported. These results suggest that Ginkgo biloba extract was effective in partially reversing the thrombogenic coagulation profile without increasing the risk of bleeding.     

银杏叶提取物及其主要成分抗氧化作用的比较

目的:比较银杏叶提取物(EGb)及其主要成分(银杏黄酮,银杏帖内酯)的抗氧化作用.方法:用EGb、银杏黄酮和银杏帖内酯作用于细胞,Western-blot检测其对抗氧化酶GCLC的诱导作用;用相应的功能检测法测定EGb、银杏黄酮和银杏帖内酯在体外直接清除超氧阴离子及羟自由基、抑制大鼠红细胞溶血及大鼠肝组织的脂质过氧化的作用.结果:EGb和银杏黄酮可诱导抗氧化酶GCLC的表达,并能直接清除超氧阴离子及羟自由基、抑制大鼠红细胞溶血及大鼠肝组织的脂质过氧化,而银杏帖内酯无明显的抗氧化作用.EGb的这些抗氧化作用均强于银杏黄酮.结论:EGb抗氧化作用强于银杏黄酮,而银杏帖内酯没有明显的抗氧化作用.     

银杏叶提取物双重抗氧化作用的研究

目的:抗氧化物质一般通过诱导抗氧化酶的表达或直接与自由基发生反应这两种方式发挥作用,银杏叶提取物(EGb)的抗氧化作用是通过哪种途径值得研究.在本研究中,我们在体外对两种途径进行了测试.方法:EGb作用于细胞,用Western-blot检测其对抗氧化酶GST-P1和GCLC的诱导作用;用相应的功能检测法测定EGb在体外直接清除超氧阴离子及羟自由基、抑制大鼠红细胞溶血及大鼠肝组织的脂质过氧化的作用.结果:EGb可诱导抗氧化酶GST-P1和GCLC的表达,并能直接清除超氧阴离子及羟自由基、抑制大鼠红细胞溶血及大鼠肝组织的脂质过氧化.结论:EGb具有诱导抗氧化酶表达及直接清除自由基的双重抗氧化作用.     

复方银杏叶片的急性毒性实验研究

目的观察复方银杏叶片的急性毒性反应。方法复方银杏叶片以最大浓度及最大给药体积的药液灌胃给药,3次/d。连续观察7 d,记录小鼠毒副反应情况。结果观察7 d后,全部动物健存,小鼠体重平均增长24.82%,未见任何毒性反应。计算得葛根素最大给药量为3339.6 mg/kg体重,相当于成人日用量的2360.1倍。结论提示复方银杏叶片毒性较小。     

麦冬水浸提液对大鼠胚胎/胎儿发育毒性研究

目的:观察麦冬水浸提液对SD大鼠胚胎/胎儿的发育毒性。方法:采用SD孕鼠,分为溶媒对照组、麦冬组,每组20只交配成功动物,于妊娠第6~17天经口灌胃给予麦冬水浸提液26.9 g.kg-1,每天1次,于妊娠第20天解剖。观察母体动物的临床症状、体重变化、黄体数、着床数、胚胎生存死亡情况、生存胎仔的体重、性别、外观、内脏及骨骼检查等指标。结果:麦冬水浸提液对SD大鼠的母体及胚胎/胎儿发育各项指标未见明显影响。结论:在本实验条件下,麦冬水浸提液未见明显的母体毒性与胚胎/胎儿发育毒性。     

Development of pregnancy in rats treated with Hypericum perforatum

St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. In the present paper, the toxicity of H. perforatum administered to female rats during the period of organogenesis (day 9-15 of pregnancy) was evaluated. Thirty inseminated Wistar rats were randomly distributed into control and treated groups, which received, by gavage, 0.5 mL of saline and 36 mg/kg body weight of Jarsin dried extract diluted into 0.5 mL of saline, respectively. Maternal toxicity was evaluated through: water and food intake, body weight gain, piloerection, locomotor activity, diarrhea and death occurrence. Animals were killed on day 21 of pregnancy, when fetuses and placentas were removed and weighed. The indices of implantation and resorption were calculated. Clinical signs of maternal toxicity were not observed and none of the variables analysed showed statistically significant differences. In the dose administered in the experimental model used, H. perforatum does not seem to be toxic to the mother nor to interfere with the progress of gestation during organogenesis.     

银杏叶中黄酮类成分的研究

 目的分离鉴定银杏叶中的黄酮类成分。方法95%乙醇提取,硅胶及Sephadex LH20柱层析分离,用UV,IR,NMR和MS等方法确定结构。结果分得7个黄酮类成分,分别为槲皮素(quercetin,Ⅰ)、山萘酚(kaempferol,Ⅱ)、异鼠李素(isorhamnetin,Ⅲ)、芫花素(ginkwanin,Ⅳ)、金松双黄酮(sciadopitysin,Ⅴ)、银杏素(ginkgetin-Ⅵ)、和异银杏素(isoginkgetin,Ⅶ),以及7个其它类型成分,分别为三十烷酸(triacontanoic acid,Ⅷ)、二十八醇(octacosanol,Ⅸ)、白果醇(ginnol,Ⅹ)、二十九烷(nonacosane,Ⅺ)、β谷甾醇(βsitosterol,Ⅻ)、棕榈酮(palmitone,ⅩⅢ)和胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,ⅩⅣ)。结论其中化合物Ⅳ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅺ,ⅩⅢ,ⅩⅣ为首次从银杏叶中分离得到。     

从银杏叶中制备聚戊烯乙酸酯

目的：研究银杏聚戊烯乙酸酯的制备技术,方法：以石油醚为提取溶剂,获得的石油醚浸膏经硅胶吸附能除去大部分极性较大的杂质;再经制备TLC分离、脱蜡、制备TLC纯化得到聚戊烯乙酸酯同系物的混合物,结果经HPLC外标法测定其同系物的纯度为84％。结论：该方法简易行,大大降低了工作量。     

银杏叶中聚戊烯醇类化合物的分离纯化研究

目的:探讨银杏叶中聚戊烯醇类化合物的分离纯化方法.方法:以聚戊烯醇的纯度为指标,筛选冷冻脱杂和硅胶柱层析最佳条件,获得含量90%以上的提取物.先用160倍量的石油醚-乙酸乙酯(9:1)溶剂冷冻除杂,然后用硅胶柱层析进一步纯化(洗脱剂为石油醚-乙酸乙酯19:1).结果:精制后的聚戊烯醇纯度可达92.7%.结论:冷冻脱杂后再进行硅胶柱层析,可明显提高聚戊烯醇纯度,该方法重现性好,经济实惠,简单可靠.     

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on beta-adrenergic receptors in different rat brain regions

The effect of oral administration of Ginkgo biloba extract at a dose of 90 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days on rat brain beta-adrenergic receptors in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus was studied. Ginkgo biloba treatment induced a significant decrease in the density (B(max)) of beta-adrenoreceptors in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. It has been suggested that modulation of the beta-adrenergic system is implicated in the favourable effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts on learning and memory.     

不同气候区银杏叶中黄酮和萜内酯含量的变化

目的 :为了比较不同气候区银杏叶中黄酮和萜内酯的含量 ,并进一步探讨影响二者含量的环境因素。方法 :采用 RP- HPL C法对样品中黄酮和萜内酯进行定量分析。结果 :不同气候区之间银杏叶中两类成分的含量存在很大差异 ,贵州高原区银杏叶中总黄酮和总内酯的含量明显高于其它地区。结论 :通过系统比较全国不同银杏分布区银杏叶中有效成分的含量 ,为提高银杏叶质量 ,优化银杏叶资源提供了理论依据     

银杏聚戊烯醇提取技术研究

目的 :从银杏叶中提取聚戊烯醇同系物。方法 :以石油醚为提取溶剂 ,获得的石油醚浸膏中的聚戊烯乙酸酯经水解后转化为聚戊烯醇 ,再经柱色谱分离得到聚戊烯醇同系物。结果 :得到的产物与聚戊烯醇标准品对照 ,为聚戊烯醇 - 16到聚戊烯醇 - 2 0同系物 ,由 HPL C外标法测定其纯度为 76 %。结论 :该提取制备方法简单可行     

银杏叶与银杏叶提取物及其片剂中萜类内酯薄层色谱分析

目的研究银杏叶与银杏叶提取物及银杏叶片中萜类内酯薄层色谱鉴别。方法以银杏叶提取物、白果内酯、银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B及银杏内酯C为对象,研究温度对其薄层色谱的影响。结果温度无显著影响。结论该薄层色谱鉴别法可在室温下进行。