Intracranial benign fibrous histiocytoma mimicking parasagittal meningioma: report of two cases and review of literature

Primary benign fibrous histiocytoma involving the central nervous system is an exceedingly rare tumor with most cases originating from the dura or parenchymal tissue. Diagnosis of primary benign fibrous histiocytoma is difficult due to its confusing histopathological characteristics. Two cases of primary intracranial benign fibrous histiocytoma mimicking parasagittal meningioma are presented in this report. Both tumors were gross totally resected and the patients showed no evidence of recurrence at follow-up of 12 months. The clinical features and prognosis of this rare tumor that were reported previously in the literature were also reviewed. Histopathological examination coupled with immunohistochemical staining is proved to be the convincing diagnostic method for the primary benign fibrous histiocytoma. Surgical resection is the recommendation for the therapy of the tumor.     

伽玛刀治疗视神经鞘脑膜瘤长期疗效评价

0例,无变化8例,增大2例,肿瘤控制率为93.3%(28/30).治疗45个月后肿瘤控制率趋于稳定.治疗后视力提升11例(36.7%).减退6例(20.0%),无变化13例(43.3%).4例曾出现一过性球结膜水肿.患者眼眶肿瘤手术史、肿瘤容积和累及范围等因素与肿瘤控制率均无统计学意义上的关联(P>0.05).结论 伽玛刀治疗视神经鞘脑膜瘤可在较长时期内控制肿瘤生长,可保留部分视力,并发症较少.     

Metastasis of lung adenosquamous carcinoma to meningioma: case report with literature review

The occurrence of metastasis of a systemic neoplasm to an intracranial tumor is a rare phenomenon. Meningiomas have been reported as the most common intracranial tumor to harbor a systemic metastasis, with breast and lung carcinomas being the most common sites of origination. Here, we report a case of an adenocarcinoma metastasis of an adenosquamous lung carcinoma found within a meningioma, resulting in the patient’s first clinical manifestations. We also review the literature for other cases of adenocarcinoma metastatic to a meningioma and suggest mechanisms that make meningiomas likely to harbor systemic metastases including increased vascularity, slow growth rate, increased hyaline content and expression of cell-cell adhesion molecules.     

Lateral ventricular meningioma presenting with intraventricular hemorrhage: a case report and literature review

Lateral ventricular meningiomas presenting with primary intraventricular hemorrhage are extremely uncommon. We report here a case of primary intraventricular hemorrhage attributable to a lateral ventricular meningioma. This case concerns a 46-year-old female patient who presented with sudden onset of headache. Computed tomography (CT), computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations showed hemorrhage from a ruptured tumor mass, which was pathologically confirmed as a transitional meningioma. The patient underwent surgical treatment and had a good prognosis. A retrospective review of eight previous cases of hemorrhage from ruptured lateral ventricular meningiomas revealed that hemorrhage of lateral ventricular meningiomas and hemorrhage of meningiomas at other intracranial sites have similar causes. The clinical and pathological features of ruptured lateral ventricular meningiomas are consistent with those of unruptured lateral ventricular meningiomas. As this clinical entity is extremely rare, attention is called for while performing differential diagnosis.     

颅外原发下颌骨脑膜瘤临床诊治一例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨颅外原发下颌骨脑膜瘤的临床病理和影像学特征,以及诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析2017年10月无锡市第二人民医院收治的1例57岁女性颅外原发下颌骨脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。在PubMed、中国知网、万方数据及维普数据库中,以“下颌骨(mandibular)”和“原发性脑膜瘤(primary meningioma)”为关键词,检索截至2017年10 月有关下颌骨原发性脑膜瘤的相关文献,共纳入7篇8例颅外原发下颌骨脑膜瘤的报道,均为英文文献;结合本例诊治过程,总结该病临床及影像学表现、组织学形态、免疫组织化学特征、治疗方法及临床预后特点。结果 本文1例中年女性下颌骨无痛性膨胀性病变,CT为境界清楚的透射影,组织学梭形肿瘤细胞伴有局部旋涡状结构,免疫组织化学瘤细胞上皮膜抗原(EMA)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)支持脑膜瘤的诊断;手术完整切除下颌骨肿瘤,术后随访9个月无复发。结合文献报道的8例共9例颅外原发下颌骨脑膜瘤,男2例、女7例,年龄20~74岁;多以下颌骨局部膨胀为主要临床表现;影像学为下颌骨境界清楚的溶骨性病变,多为透射影,也可透射和非透射混合影像;组织学同颅内脑膜瘤,为纤细梭形瘤细胞束状或旋涡状排列,细胞间丰富胶原,部分细胞多边形上皮样,胞界不清,片状分布,可见砂粒体,细胞无异形;免疫组织化学瘤细胞EMA、Vimentin均阳性,孕激素受体、广谱细胞角质蛋白、肌动蛋白结合蛋白、平滑肌肌动蛋白、结蛋白、S-100蛋白、β-微管蛋白-3、CD34、B淋巴细胞瘤-2和尤因肉瘤标记物均阴性,Ki-67增殖指数1%。治疗以肿块切除及下颌骨切除自体骨片移植为主要手术方式。组织学良性者预后好,手术切除可治愈。结论 颅外原发下颌骨脑膜瘤非常罕见,需结合临床及影像学、病理组织学进行鉴别诊断和诊断。手术完整切除肿块及下颌骨重建可治愈。     

Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman disease mimicking isolated meningioma: a case report and review of the literature

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare malignant infirmity. Here, we present a case of a 57-year-old man with giddiness and unstable gait, as well as blurred vision in the left eye for four months. Radiologically the diagnosis before surgery was meningioma. The patient received a craniotomy, and the histopathologic diagnosis was Rosai-Dorfman disease. We reviewed the diagnosis, mechanism, and treatment of this disease.     

Ⅰ型胸膜肺母细胞瘤1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨Ⅰ型胸膜肺母细胞瘤的临床病理特征.方法 大体及镜下观察,结合sP法免疫组化染色并文献复习.结果 患儿,女,3岁11月,临床主要表现为左肺囊性肿物.组织学特征:大体表现为含气的单纯囊肿,囊肿内可见细分隔;镜检囊壁被覆良性上皮,其下为原始间叶细胞增生,可见明显的横纹肌母细胞分化,部分梭形细胞呈纤维肉瘤样改变,其余囊壁及细间隔主要为纤维结缔组织,部分被覆呼吸道上皮,可见平滑肌,灶性钙化,及多核巨细胞反应等良性改变.免疫组化染色原始间叶细胞desmin及myogenin阳性.结论 Ⅰ型胸膜肺母细胞瘤形态学上貌似良性,预后较好,难与其他先天性良性肺囊肿区分,故应仔细观察多取材,镜下寻找囊壁内原始间叶成分,从先天性肺囊肿中分辨出这一罕见儿童恶性肿瘤具有重要临床意义.     

Neurenteric cyst: case report and a review of the potential dysembryology

We report a 13-year-old female who presented to an outside emergency room following blunt trauma to the head. As part of her evaluation, an unenhanced CT of the face and radiographs of the cervical spine were performed. She was referred to our clinic with "abnormal" imaging. Radiographs revealed dysmorphic cervical spine and ventral clefting of the vertebral bodies from C7-T2. A subsequent MRI was obtained that demonstrated a large spinal cord mass. MRI demonstrated an unenhanced intramedullary mass of the cervicothoracic spinal cord measuring approximately 1.5 cm in greatest axial diameter. Surgical exploration of her intraspinal mass revealed a neurenteric cyst. Spinal neurenteric cysts are categorized in the spectra of occult spinal dysraphism and most likely arise from incomplete separation of the developing notochord and foregut in the embryo. We discuss potential etiologies for the formation of such cysts. The clinician should consider neurenteric cysts in their differential diagnosis of patients with spinal dysraphism and/or intraspinal masses.     

Ciliated foregut cyst of the gallbladder: a case report and review of the literature

A case is presented of a ciliated cyst of the gallbladder in a 36-year-old Korean woman which was incidentally found on ultrasonographic study. A cystic mass measuring 1.5 x 1 x 1 cm was found in the fundus of the gallbladder. The cyst was unilocular and intramural without communication to the lumen. Microscopically, the cyst wall was lined by a single layer of pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium and goblet cells with underlying smooth muscle layers. This was considered to be the cyst arising from the embryonic foregut and showing differentiation toward respiratory structures. The term 'ciliated foregut cyst of the gallbladder' is suggested here.     

Thymic adenocarcinoma associated with thymic cyst: a case report and review of literature

Thymic adenocarcinoma of the mediastinum is extremely rare. Only 12 cases adenocarcinoma associated with a thymic cyst have been reported in the literature. In this report, we describe a case of a thymic adenocarcinoma associated with thymic cyst. A 70-year-old man, presented with two months of chest tightness, breath shortness and chest pain. The contrast enhanced CT scan of chest revealed a round, cystic mass in right anterior mediastinum. Microscopic examination revealed that the lining consisted of flat to cuboidal and columnar epithelium and adenocarcinoma infiltrated into the thymic tissue and the soft tissue around the wall of cyst. Based on clinical history, imaging studies, pathological findings and absence of extramediastinal tumor, a diagnosis of thymic adenocarcinoma associated with thymic cyst was established. The patient was alive without any sign of recurrence 7 months after the operation.     

Giant simple hepatic cyst: a case report and review of relevant literature

BackgroundGiant cysts of the liver are uncommon. Symptoms are related primarily to the mass effect of the enlarging cyst.ObjectiveTo highlight the challenges of management of giant simple hepatic cyst in a resource limited setting.ConclusionSimple hepatic cyst can attain giant dimensions and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraabdominal masses.     

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of epidermoid cyst of the thyroid: report of a case and review of seven cases

The cytological and histological features of a case of epidermoid cyst of thyroid are reported. Unlike the more common intrathyroid branchial cleft cyst, this lesion does not contain any lymphoid tissue. The presence of scattered small groups of smooth muscle fibers in the periepithelial fibrous tissue in this case suggests a teratomatous histogenesis.     

Intra-thyroid thyroglossal duct cyst: a case report and review of literature

Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital cyst in the head and neck, which is defined usually occurring in children. However, intra-thyroid thyroglossal duct cyst in an adult is unusually found. Here we describe a case of a 45-year-old woman who was found neck mass along the midline for 5 years. During the surgery we found a separated nodule in the left inferior pole of the thyroid. Surprisingly the diagnosis of the nodule was confirmed by pathology and histological examination demonstrating that it was the thyroglossal duct cyst. Intra-thyroid thyroglossal duct cyst in an adult is a rare finding, with few cases reported. For it is generally thought that any thyroid tissue found in the lateral aspect of the neck may indicate metastatic deposits from well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Although pathogenesis of an alone thyroglossal duct cyst in the left inferior pole of the thyroid remains unknown, our case could suggest thyroglossal duct cyst should not be excluded in the differential diagnosis of lateral neck masses especially when it simulates nodules in the thyroid.     

Bronchogenic cyst of the conus medullaris with spinal cord tethering: a case report and review of the literature

Bronchogenic cysts (BCs) are congenital malformations that originate from remnants of the primitive foregut. Intraspinal BCs, especially those of the conus medullaris are rare with only one case reported until now. To date, a bronchogenic cyst with spinal cord tethering has not been previously reported. We reviewed the clinical course of a 44-year-old woman, who presented with low back pain and leg weaknesss as well as sphincter disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intradural oval mass located at the conus medullaris. A tethered cord was also observed, as well as a dermal sinus tract. The mass was totally removed after an L3-L4 laminectomy without detethering during operation. Pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst. By six months after treatment, the patient had experienced nearly complete recovery. The review of literature indicated that detethering was performed in most reported cases of neurenteric cysts with spinal cord tethering, and one of six patients was diagnosed with a postoperative recurrence. The co-existence of bronchogenic cyst and a tethered spinal cord would imply associated developmental errors in embryogenesis. It is worth noting that whether detethering is necessary after the cyst removal.     

Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst: Report of a case and literature review

A large cystic mass was found in the subdiaphragmatic region of a 46-year-old woman who had complained of continuous pain in the left flank . The cyst was located in the retroperitoneum just below the diaphragm and was adhered to the diaphragmatic skeletal muscle and abdominal aorta, but was separate from the spleen, pancreas, left adrenal gland and left kidney. The surgically resected cyst measured 8 x 8 x 7 cm and was filled with protein-rich fluid, which contained amylase and embryonal proteins such as carcinoembryonic antigen, CA125 and CA19-9. Histologically, the cyst wall was composed of a fibrovascular connective tissue containing thin smooth muscle layers and mucus-secreting glands and was lined by a ciliated pseudostratified or tall columnar epithelium without dysplastic changes. Thus, a diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst, which is usually discovered in the posterior part of the mediastinum, was made. A rare case of bronchogenic cyst and a literature review is presented.     

Clear cell meningioma with anaplastic features: Case report and review of literature

Clear cell meningioma (CCM) is an uncommon variant of meningioma, corresponding to WHO grade II. We present two cases of CCMs with anaplastic features in the intracranial and intraspinal region. The first case is a 65-year-old male who gradually developed changes in behavior over a period of 1 year. The second case is a 35-year-old female who presented with a 7-month history of posterior cervicothoracic pain and dysuria for 1 week. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intracranial lesion in the right frontal lobe in the male patient, and an intradural extramedullary lesion at C7 in the female patient. On histological examination, both tumors partly exhibited unusual anaplastic appearances with nuclear pleomorphism, high mitotic activity and necrosis, distinct from classical CCMs. Tumor cells were immunoreactive to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and vimentin, with a high MIB-1 index up to 40%. Total excision was performed. The male patient was found to have developed local recurrence and lateral ventricle metastasis 3 months after surgery. A diagnosis of CCM with anaplastic features was made (WHO grade III). Based on its aggressive behavior, we recommend postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy even if total excision of the tumor has been performed, and MRI scans every 3–6 months during the first period of follow-up.     

Evolution of renal cyst to renal carcinoma: a case report and review of literature

Background: Renal cyst is a common benign disease which is rare to progress from simple renal cyst to renal cell carcinoma. Case presentation: A 62-year-old woman who suffered a simple renal cyst for over 20 years complained intermittent lumbar in recent 2 years. At her latest admission, the cyst lesion displayed enhancement in the cystic wall by CT scan and cystic to partially solid change by ultrasound, so we did a partial nephrectomy and found that the cystic lesion had become a cyst-solid transition. The pathology turned out to be renal clear cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Although the canceration of a renal cyst is a small probability event, patients with a long history of a cyst, especially those with symptoms, need to seek for medical treatment in time, and if necessary, lesion biopsy or resection may be under consideration.