抗凝血与抗血小板治疗老年患者拔牙的临床研究

目的：观察抗凝血治疗和抗血小板治疗的老年患者拔牙术后出血及拔牙创的愈合,评价拔牙术后明胶海绵加缝合创口的止血效果。方法：老年患者分为抗凝血治疗需要拔牙组、抗血小板治疗需要拔牙组和随机选择需要拔牙的老年患者作正常对照。抗凝血治疗组拔牙前均进行凝血酶原时间国际标准化率检测。三组均采用局部纱布压迫止衄,比较拔牙术后出血情况,拔牙术后出血的病人采用局部明胶海绵加缝合创口处理。结果：抗凝血治疗与其他2组出血有显著性差异,3组均未出现局部不可控制的出血;3组创口愈合没有明显差别。结论：接受抗凝血治疗和抗血小板治疗的老年病人,在不停药和不减少药物剂量的情况下可以行拔牙术,明胶海绵加上局部缝合可达到止血目的。     

注射用血凝酶在抗凝血治疗患者拔牙术中的应用

目的:观察注射用血凝酶对抗凝血治疗患者拔牙创的止血效果。方法:336例需拔牙同时仍继续接受抗凝血治疗的患者,随机分为试验组与对照组各168例,试验组术前于患牙处局部软组织注射血凝酶,拔牙创口采用纱卷压迫止血,对照组直接进行拔牙术,拔牙创口采用云南白药+纱卷压迫止血。结果:试验组168例患者术后均未发生明显出血现象,有效率100%,高于对照组82.14%,经统计学分析,两者间有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论:注射用血凝酶用于抗凝血治疗患者的拔牙术中,可有效控制拔牙创口出血。     

口服抗凝剂患者拔牙创缝合止血效果的观察

目的观察缝合拔牙创对口服抗凝剂患者拔牙后的止血效果。方法选择正在接受口服抗凝剂治疗且需要拔牙的患者43例,术前调整抗凝剂的抗凝强度即国际标准化比率(international normalized ratio,INR)值在2.0～3.0,随机分成两组,23例拔牙后水平褥式缝合两侧牙龈止血(缝合组),20例拔牙后不缝合(未缝合组)。31例未服用抗凝剂患者作为对照组,拔牙后不缝合创口。拔牙后均咬纱球压迫止血30 min。结果缝合组术后出血1例,出血发生率为4.35%(1/23);未缝合组术后出血6例,出血发生率为30.00%(6/20);对照组术后出血2例,出血发生率为6.45%(2/31)。3组患者出血发生率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=8.218,P=0.016);对照组与缝合组比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.111,P=0.739);未缝合组与缝合组(χ2=5.165,P=0.023)、对照组(χ2=5.097,P=0.024)比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论正接受口服抗凝剂治疗的患者,调整INR值在2.0～3.0,在不停止抗凝治疗情况下,采取缝合拔牙创口措施,可有效避免拔牙后出血。     

口服抗凝药物老年患者拔牙术中的临床治疗体会

目的:总结在服用抗凝药物的老年患者拔牙术中的治疗经验。方法:选择2018年1月~2019年6月口腔科就诊的46例(服用阿司匹林患者28例,波立维11例,法华林7例)长期口服抗凝药物且需要拔牙老年患者,拔牙前行凝血酶原时间和国际标准化率检测,分别在术后30分钟、1和24小时对治疗结果进行观察和分析。结果:拔牙术后30分钟出血15例,术后1小时内出血4例,术后24小时复诊出血1例。结论:INR在1.5~2.5范围,拔牙创局部止血处理,且压迫观察1小时,有效地预防抗凝治疗的老年患者在不停用抗凝药的情况下拔牙术后出血的情况。     

富血小板血浆在抗凝治疗患者拔牙术中的应用

目的:评价富血小板血浆局部应用对抗凝治疗患者拔牙术后出血及拔牙创愈合的影响。方法:选择抗凝治疗需拔牙患者48例随机分为实验组和对照组,另外随机选择从未经抗凝治疗拔牙患者20例作正常对照。拔牙前均行凝血酶原时间和国际标准化率检测。拔牙术后实验组拔牙创置自体富血小板血浆,对照组和正常对照组拔牙创行明胶海绵填塞、可吸收线缝合或填塞加缝合处理,比较三组术后出血情况及拔牙创愈合情况。结果:实验组术后轻度出血1例,对照组术后中度出血1例,轻度出血3例,正常对照组术后轻度出血1例,三组均未出现严重出血病例;10 d后拔牙创软组织愈合实验组优于对照组和正常对照组。结论:富血小板血浆局部应用能有效预防抗凝治疗患者拔牙术后出血,促进拔牙创软组织早期愈合。     

5%鱼肝油酸钠用于拔牙后顽固性出血

在临床上常碰到一些血液系统检查正常但拔牙后出血患者 ,在各种常规局部处理后仍不能止血或反复数次才能止血 ,给患者带来很大的痛苦 ,我们在临床上将 5 %鱼肝油酸钠用于拔牙后顽固性出血 ,取得显著效果 ,现报道如下。　　作者单位 :4710 0 3河南省洛阳市一拖中心医院口腔科　　一、材料和方法1.临床资料 :本组 2 8例患者 ,男性 10例 ,女性 18例 ,年龄 2 1～ 5 6岁 ,平均 34岁。 2 8例都是在常规局部处理 (如局部压迫、应用止血粉、创口缝合等 )和全身应用止血药后 ,仍不能止血或止血几小时后甚至 2～ 3天后又反复出血的患者。拔牙原因为纵…     

拔牙后伤口出血的治疗护理

拔牙后伤口出血是临床上拔牙术后常见的并发症 ,是指术后 1小时在去除棉球 ,创口有明显出血 ,或术后 48小时以上创口感染血凝块分解后发生的出血 ,了解拔牙伤口出血原因 ,对于防治拔牙后出血至关重要。临床资料本文收集了因拔牙后不同程度伤口出血来我院急诊室看急诊的 2 0例患者 ,女 1 2例 ,男 8例 ,年龄最大 76岁 ,最小1 6岁 ,具体情况见表 1。表 1　拔牙后出血原因和止血方法原因例数比例止血方法1 炎症期拔牙 4 2 0 %消炎、拔牙伤口填塞碘纺纱条、缝合伤口2 反复漱口、吐唾、过热饮食 315%解除紧张心理 ,明胶海绵填塞 ,并用棉球压迫止…     

心脏瓣膜置换术后拔牙43例体会

目的:探讨心脏瓣膜置换术后长期口服华法令患者安全拔牙的措施。方法:对43例瓣膜置换术后口服华法令进行抗凝治疗的患者,在不中止、不减量抗凝剂的情况下进行牙齿拔除术,共拔除牙齿61颗。术后用浸有六氨基己酸的明胶海绵沾止血酶放置于拔牙窝内,拔牙创处牙龈褥式缝合。术中注意严格无菌操作,术后辅助性使用抗生素预防感染性心内膜炎。结果:41例患者共计59颗牙齿,术后止血效果良好。有2例术后出血的患者经局部再处理后,也达到良好止血效果。结论:长期口服华法令患者拔牙时可不必停药、减量。拔牙窝局部处理措施得当可达满意止血效果。     

人工心瓣膜患者拔牙的临床处理

目的探讨人工心瓣膜患者临床拔牙的处理方法。方法对17例患者术前短期减用抗凝药物，严格抗感染后拔牙。结果17例中16例术后2h内停止出血，全部病例拔牙后恢复顺利，无意外并发症。结论术前短期减用抗凝药，并监测凝血酶原时间，严格抗感染和正确的临床操作，能保证人工心瓣膜患者安全、顺利地拔除病牙。     

抗血小板治疗患者拔牙术后出血的临床观察

目的：研究持续小剂量口服抗血小板药物阿司匹林对拔牙术后出血发生率的影响。方法：87例患者按完全随机化分组方法分为两组,治疗组45例,共拔牙88个;对照组42例,共拔牙63个。治疗组持续阿司匹林治疗。对照组拔牙术前7d停用阿司匹林。比较两组病例拔牙术后出血发生率的差异。结果：治疗组（持续阿司匹林治疗）和对照组（停止阿司匹林治疗）拔牙术后出血发生率分别为3.4%和1.6%,两组差异无统计学意义（p〉0.05）。结论：对于长期小剂量应用阿司匹林的患者,拔牙术前不必停药,适当的局部止血处理可有效避免术后严重出血并发症的发生。     

Reconstruction of the alveolar cleft: effect of preoperative extraction of deciduous teeth at the sites of clefts on the incidence of postoperative complications

Our objective was to find out if the extraction of deciduous teeth at the sites of clefts 3-8 weeks before alveolar bone grafting (ABG) would reduce the number of postoperative complications. Chart reviews were reviewed retrospectively of patients who had had ABG from March 2006 to June 2009. To reduce variables only healthy, non-syndromic, cooperative patients were included. Eleven patients had had their deciduous teeth extracted at the cleft sites 3-8 weeks before ABG and 10 patients had had the extractions done intraoperatively at the same time as ABG. There was a single case of postoperative infection and no wound dehiscence in the preoperative extraction group, and there were no delays in postoperative orthodontic treatment. In the intraoperative group there were 3 cases of local wound infection and 6 cases of minor dehiscence, and orthodontic treatment was delayed for 3-6 months in all patients with complications. All patients had successful ABG, eruption of teeth, and orthodontic treatment; but patients who had their deciduous teeth at the cleft sites extracted preoperatively had fewer wound complications than patients whose extractions were done at the same time as the ABG.     

脱钙人牙基质材料在埋伏牙拔牙创中的应用

目的:观察脱钙人牙基质材料在埋伏牙拔除后促进骨组织愈合的临床效果。方法:共40例埋伏牙拔除患者,随机平均分为A、B组:A组拔牙创直接缝合,为空白对照;B组拔牙窝内即刻植入脱钙人牙基质材料。所有患者均在术前摄全口曲面断层片,术后1周、1个月行局部数字牙片检查;结合临床检查进行比较,观察骨腔愈合及骨重建情况。结果:2组患者创口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后1月X线片检查,A组拔牙窝骨密度仍低于周围正常骨,B组拔牙创骨密度已与正常骨接近。结论:采用脱钙人牙基质材料填入拔牙窝内的方法,骨诱导作用明显,能加速骨组织的修复重建,缩短了拔牙创愈合时间。     

人工心脏瓣膜置换术患者牙拔除术的临床研究

目的观察116例（170颗牙齿）心脏瓣膜置换术后长期口服华法令的患者,在暂停抗凝药物与不停抗凝药物两种情况下,拔牙术中、术后的出血情况,探讨对该类患者安全的拔牙方法。方法对116例瓣膜置换术后口服华法令抗凝治疗的患者进行拔牙手术,根据患者有无华法令的停药史,分为停药组49例（68颗）,非停药组67例（102颗）。停药组术前停药3天,术后次日恢复用药,共拔除牙齿68颗;非停药组在不中止、不减量抗凝剂的情况下进行牙齿拔除术,术后常规拔牙创牙龈缝合,共拔除牙齿102颗。结果停药组44例患者共计61颗牙齿,非停药组61例患者共计93颗牙齿,术后均无明显出血,效果良好。停药组5例7颗牙齿、非停药组6例9颗牙齿,术后出血经局部再处理后,均达到良好止血效果。停药组与非停药组术后出血率无显著性差异。结论大多数长期口服华法令的患者拔牙时可不停药、不减量,均可获得良好效果。     

甲硝唑碘仿明胶海绵在预防干槽症中的临床应用

观察疑难牙拔除术后甲硝唑碘仿明胶海绵预防干槽症的临床疗效。方法:以2005-01—2010-01到我院口腔门诊拔除下颌阻生齿、下后牙死髓折裂牙患者2 000例,共2 000颗牙为研究对象。其中下颌阻生齿1 650颗,下后牙死髓折裂牙350颗。随机分为2组:研究组(A)1 000例,拔牙后拔牙窝内放入甲硝唑碘仿明胶海绵;对照组(B)1 000例,拔牙后拔牙窝内不放置任何填塞物。术后第3天、第7天专人进行门诊或电话随访,2周后复诊拔牙窝愈合情况。结果:研究组有7例发生干槽症,发生率为0.7%;对照组有80例发生干槽症,发生率为8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:甲硝唑碘仿明胶海绵用于疑难牙拔除术后预防干槽症的发生,有较好临床效果。     

Hemostatic effect of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (histoacryl) glue in warfarin-treated patients undergoing oral surgery

PURPOSE: Our goal was to evaluate the local hemostatic effect of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl; B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany) glue in warfarin-treated patients who undergo outpatient oral surgery without a change in their level of anticoagulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive warfarin-treated patients randomly assigned to study and control groups and 10 patients who had never been on anticoagulant therapy serving as the negative control group were included in this trial. Before multiple teeth extractions, all patients had a prothrombin time and the international normalized ratio (INR) determined. To gain hemostasis and primary closure, gelatin sponge and multiple interrupted resorbable sutures were used in the control and negative control groups, and Histoacryl glue and the minimal number of interrupted resorbable sutures were used in the study group. Postoperatively, patients were to contact the oral surgeon if abnormal bleeding occurred. Patients who did not have postoperative bleeding were seen on the 10th postoperative day. Data were collected, and statistical differences in age and gender distributions, number of teeth extracted, INR levels, and bleeding that required treatment were analyzed with the Mantel-Haenzel test. Statistical significance was defined as a value of P <.05. RESULTS: Local hemostasis was obtained immediately in study patients and only after 10 to 20 minutes in the control and negative control patients. In relation to bleeding complications, there were no cases of postoperative bleeding requiring treatment in both the negative control patients and study patients. In the control patients, 5 cases had postoperative spontaneous bleeding that required treatment. This difference was statistically significant. No patient had wound infection and the healing process appeared to be normal. CONCLUSION: Multiple extractions can be performed in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy without a change in their level of anticoagulation provided an efficient local hemostatic measure is instituted. And, in this regard, Histoacryl glue, used as a topical adhesive over approximated wound edges, is an effective and easily applicable local hemostatic for oral surgery in such patients.     

拔牙后即刻植入羟基磷灰石微粒人工骨的临床应用研究

目的:研究拔牙后即刻植入羟基磷灰石微粒人工骨的治疗效果和并发症。方法:65 例患者拔牙后牙槽窝内即刻植入羟基磷灰石微粒人工骨,术后1 周、1 月、3 月分别复诊,进行临床及X 线检查。结果:65 例患者伤口均顺利愈合,未发生术后出血、感染、羟基磷灰石微粒人工骨移位等术后并发症,同术前相比,牙槽嵴高度无明显降低。结论:拔牙后即刻植入羟基磷灰石微粒人工骨可以维持牙槽嵴的高度,减少术后并发症,为以后进行义齿修复提供一个良好的基骨条件,可以在临床推广应用。