急性心肌梗死的延迟性治疗

急性心肌梗死是冠状动脉闭塞,血流中断,使部分心肌因持久地急性缺血发生局部坏死.[第一段]     

急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术治疗急性心肌梗死

目的 :观察急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的效果。方法 :13例 AMI患者行急诊 PTCA治疗 ,男 10例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 38～ 85 (6 0 .2± 13.6 )岁。其中 6例并发心源性休克 ,3例系溶栓失败后行补救性 PTCA,4例不适作溶栓治疗。梗死相关血管 :前降支 9例 ,右冠状动脉 4例。结果 :PTCA成功率92 .3% ,死亡 1例。术前梗死相关血管狭窄 (98.7± 3.0 ) % ,术后残余狭窄为 (14.6± 16 .2 ) %。 3例术中发生心室颤动 ,1例出现房室传导阻滞 ,1例出现无再流现象 ,经反复冠状动脉内注射硝酸甘油后恢复。术后 1例死亡 ,11例长期生存 ,随访 1～ 18个月无心脏事件发生 ,生活质量明显改善。结论 :AMI时行急诊 PTCA成功率高 ,对溶栓禁忌证、溶栓失败或 AMI并发心源性休克者应积极行急诊 PTCA。     

急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术及支架术治疗急性心肌梗死的近期疗效

目的　观察急性心肌梗死 (acute myocardial infarction AMI)经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (percutaneous translaminal coronaryangioplasty PTCA)及冠状动脉支架植入术的近期疗效。方法　 71例 AMI患者行急诊 PTCA及支架治疗 ,60例患者行溶栓治疗 ,比较两组住院情况。结果　PTCA及支架术治疗组 ,梗死相关动脉再通率 10 0 % ,无死亡 ,住院天数为 9.6± 4.1天 ,超声心动图示左心室射血分数为 5 2 .8± 7.2 %。溶栓治疗组住院期间死亡 9例 ,抢救成功率 85 % ,血管再通率 75 % ,住院天数为 17.6± 7.8天 ,超声心动图测左心室射血分数为 43 .6± 5 .2 %。结论　急诊 PTCA及冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗 AMI,梗死相关血管再通率高 (P<0 .0 1) ,明显改善心功能 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,缩短住院时间 (P<0 .0 1)     

再灌注治疗对急性心肌梗死患者QRS离散度的影响

目的：探讨成功静脉溶栓或经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）治疗对急性心肌梗死患QRS离散度（QRSd)的影响。方法：对象为60例发病6小时内成功进行静脉溶栓或PTCA术治疗的急性心肌梗死患。其中静脉尿激酶溶栓44例，直接接受PTCA及冠状动脉内支架术治疗16例。60例患均接受体表12导同步心电图QRSd的检测。结果：与治疗前相比，成功再灌注（静脉溶栓或PTCA术）治疗的急性心肌梗死患的QRSd明显减少（P＜0．05）。结论：成功再灌注治疗可改善急性心肌缺血及心室除极的不一致，从而明显减少QRSd。     

急性心肌梗死冠状动脉早期再通对左心室功能影响的初步探讨

目的探讨急性心肌梗死冠状动脉早期再通对左心室功能的影响。方法用彩色多普勒超声心动图观察急性心肌梗死60例。其中包括静脉溶栓成功组18例,直接PTCA组12例,常规治疗组30例;正常对照组20例。结果 急性心肌梗死各组左心室收缩及舒张功能均较正常对照组明显减低(P<0.05及P<0.01)。溶栓组与常规治疗组比较左心室舒张功能明显改善(P<0.05),直接PTCA组与常规治疗组比较左心室收缩及舒张功能明显改善(P<0.05及P<0.01),直接PTCA组与溶栓组比较左心室收缩功能明显改善(P<0.05)。结论直接PTCA和早期溶栓治疗能改善左心室功能,并且PTCA优于溶栓治疗。     

急性心肌梗死患者行PTCA和支架置入术后心电图出现一过性Q波1例

1临床资料 患者,男性,66岁,因发作性胸闷、胸痛5年,加重3h,于2003年5月12日晨4时入院.临床诊断:1.冠心病:急性下壁、后壁及广泛前壁心肌缺血、急性心力衰竭、心律失常-室性早搏,2.高血压病3级.入院时,心电图诊断:窦性心律急性下、后壁心肌梗死急性广泛前壁心肌缺血.上午9时30分,行冠状动脉造影、经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和支架置入术(PTCA和Stent),术后一般情况平稳,至晚上11时病情突然加重,表现严重呼吸困难,血氧饱和度降低至77%,心电图示:V1～V6、V3R～V4R出现明显的Q波,经一系列紧急处理,包括面罩给氧辅助呼吸30min,症状改善.至次日,一般情况稳定,心电图示:V1～V6、V3R的Q波消失,并伴T波倒置.     

急性心肌梗死患者的直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术与溶栓治疗疗效比较

为探讨急性心肌梗死直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术的安全性及临床疗效 ,选择 6 2例未经静脉和冠状动脉内溶栓治疗的急性心肌梗死患者 ,在紧急冠状动脉造影后即行直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 ;另外选择 5 9例急性心肌梗死患者 ,采用溶栓治疗 ,溶栓治疗后不再接受介入治疗和外科冠状动脉搭桥 ,然后比较直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和溶栓治疗的疗效、安全性及预后。结果发现 ,直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术组 6 0例再灌注成功 ,成功率为 96 .7% ,其中 4例合并心源性休克的患者均再灌注成功 ,血压回升 ,急性上消化道出血 1例 ,死亡率为 0 ;溶栓治疗组 38例再灌注成功 ,成功率为 6 4 .4 % ,住院期间死亡 5例 ,出院 6月内死亡 2例 ,急性上消化道出血 1例 ,血尿 1例 ,溶栓治疗后心源性休克 5例 ,死亡率为 1 1 .9%。直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术再灌注成功率明显高于溶栓治疗 ,死亡率和主要心脏事件的发生率明显低于溶栓治疗 (P <0 .0 1 )。结果提示 ,急性心肌梗死的直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术治疗安全有效 ,再灌注成功率明显高于溶栓治疗 ,疗效及预后优于溶栓治疗     

急性心肌梗死冠脉内超声溶栓

目的研究冠脉内低频（２０ｋＨｚ）、高强度（４０Ｗ）超声溶栓在急性心肌梗死梗塞相关血管中的应用。方法急性心肌梗死患者１１例（前壁心梗６例,下壁心梗５例）,梗塞相关血管前向血流均为ＴＩＭＩ０级和１级（左前降支６例,左回旋支２例,右冠状动脉３例）,超声溶栓后行急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰｒｉｍａｒｙＰＴＣＡ）。结果冠脉内超声溶栓对梗塞相关血管的开通率为７３％（血流达ＴＩＭＩ３级）,残余狭窄为（７２±１４）％,１１例全部立即行ＰＴＣＡ,超声溶栓失败的３例经ＰＴＣＡ后血管全部开通,ＰＴＣＡ术后残余狭窄为（２４±１２）％。冠脉内超声溶栓时,因超声探头折断,血管再度闭塞１例,冠脉轻度撕裂１例;无血管痉挛,无远端血管栓塞等并发症,也无室速、室颤等恶性事件发生。结论本研究表明冠脉内低频、高强度超声溶栓是安全、有效的血管开通方式,可应用于临床。     

急性心肌梗死的溶栓及介入治疗

对于急性心肌梗死而言,梗塞相关动脉早期开通是减少心肌损伤,保存左心室功能,提高生存率的根本治疗,早期静脉溶栓及介入治疗使之成为可能。本文对近年有关方面的发展做一简要综述。     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗后左心室重构原因分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术后左心室重构的形成原因。方法根据急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术后1年左心室舒张末期容积指数是否较基线值增加20%将233例首次急性心肌梗死患者分为非左心室重构组(n=181)和左心室重构组(n=52)。采用Logistic逐步回归法分析急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术后发生左心室重构的危险因素。结果 233例患者中52例于冠状动脉介入治疗术后1年内发生左心室重构,发生率为22.3%。与非左心室重构组比较,左心室重构组年龄、发病到球囊扩张时间、肌酸激酶同工酶活性增高(P<0.05或P<0.01),前壁梗死、多支血管病变、糖尿病、ST段回落不良比例增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。左心室重构组冠状动脉介入治疗术前及术后7天血浆脑钠尿肽水平高于非左心室重构组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。冠状动脉介入治疗术后脑钠尿肽水平升高、肌酸激酶同工酶活性、ST段回落不良、糖尿病与左心室重构独立相关。结论冠状动脉介入治疗术后脑钠尿肽水平、肌酸激酶同工酶活性、ST段回落不良、糖尿病是急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入治疗术后发生左心室重构的预测因子。     

Effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty on segmental left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction

In order to investigate the usefulness of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) on subsequent left ventricular (LV) function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), regional ejection fraction (REF) was calculated from the left ventriculogram and compared in the acute and chronic phases (4 weeks after infarction) in 19 successful cases of PTCA (group A). In addition, 15 successful cases of intracoronary thrombolysis (PTCR) (group R) and 14 unsuccessful cases (group U) were also analyzed in this study. From the results, the following points were elucidated. (1) REF of group A in the chronic phase showed a significant increase compared to that in the acute phase (10 +/- 18% vs 20 +/- 19%, p less than 0.01), and this was similar to that observed in group R (9 +/- 19% vs 21 +/- 16%, p less than 0.01). (2) All cases in group A showed a significant increase in REF (p less than 0.02), if recanalization occurred within 3 hours after the onset of AMI. Some cases in the 3-6 hour recanalization group showed a decrease in REF. (3) In group A, only patients with subtotal occlusion on the initial coronary angiogram showed a significant increase in REF 4 weeks later (p less than 0.01), whereas patients with total occlusion on the initial coronary angiogram showed no significant increase in REF. (4) In group A, only patients recanalized between 3 and 6 hours showed a severe degree of prolonged contrast staining immediately after successful recanalization following PTCA. Thus, chronic phase regional wall motion was markedly improved by PTCA in those cases with residual flow. In contrast, abrupt recanalization after PTCA might causally decrease regional wall motion due to hemorrhagic infarction, if it is performed in cases with total occlusion.     

直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术及支架治疗对急性心肌梗死患者左心室重构和左心功能的影响——与尿激酶溶栓治疗对照

目的　观察和评价直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)及支架治疗对急性心肌梗死患者左心室重构和左心功能的影响。方法　对初次发病、发病 12小时以内或 12～ 2 4小时之间仍有心肌缺血证据、且无溶栓禁忌症的患者 ,随机给予直接PTCA和尿激酶 (15 0万IU)溶栓治疗 ,于 2周、12周和 2 4周行二维超声心动图检查并记录有关心脏事件。结果　共入选 6 5例患者 ,男性 5 5例 ,女性 10例 ,平均年龄 5 8 95± 8 94岁。其中PTCA组 32例 ,血管再通率为 10 0 % ;溶栓组 33例 ,血管再通率为 75 76 %。 2周后PTCA组的左心室收缩末容积指数 (ESVI)、左心室舒张末容积指数 (EDVI)、左心室射血分数 (LVEF)和梗死区室壁运动指数 (RWMI)均显著优于溶栓组 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1,P<0 0 5 )。溶栓组 12周和 2 4周ESVI(P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)、EDVI(P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)、LVEF(P <0 0 5 ,P<0 0 1)、GWMI(P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)以及RWMI(P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)与 2周时比显著改善 ;PTCA组ESVI(P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)、EDVI(P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)、LVEF(P >0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 )、GWMI(P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)以及RWMI(P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 )也有显著改善。至 2 4周时 ,PTCA组和溶栓组EDVI(P >0 0 5 )、LVEF(P >0 0     

Influence of treatment delay on long-term left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction successfully treated with primary angioplasty

BACKGROUND: Myocardial salvage has been shown to be dependent on the time elapsed from the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to reperfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of time to reperfusion for left ventricular function recovery after primary angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA]) for AMI. METHODS: Ninety-five patients undergoing long-term successful PTCA for AMI were studied. Echocardiography was performed before and 3, 7, 30, 90, and 180 days after PTCA. End-diastolic volume index (EDVI) and end-systolic volume index (ESVI), ejection fraction, and left ventricular wall motion score index (WMSI) were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients were divided into group A, 23 patients reperfused within 2 hours; group B, 32 patients reperfused between 2 and 4 hours; group C, 22 patients reperfused between 4 and 6 hours; and group D, 18 patients reperfused between 6 and 12 hours. Both EDVI and ESVI were reduced in groups A and B at 90 days. Groups C and D did not show any changes of EDVI and ESVI at any stage throughout the study. Ejection fraction improved only in groups A and B at 30, 90, and 180 days. At study entry, WMSI was similar in all groups. After 7 days, in group A and in group B, WMSI was improved, no changes were observed in group C, and a mild deterioration was observed in group D at 3 and 7 days. Subsequent evaluations showed progressive improvement of WMSI in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial salvage is achieved only in patients revascularized within 4 hours from AMI onset. However, revascularization after 6 hours may be worthwhile by preventing ventricular remodeling.     

Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular remodeling in patients treated with primary angioplasty for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction

The role of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion in the management of acute coronary syndrome is controversial. Limited data are available on the effects of adjunctive high-dose GIK (30% glucose, 50 IU of insulin, 80 mEq of potassium chloride infused at 1.5 ml/kg/hour over 24 hours) on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In this prospective study, 73 patients were randomized to receive GIK infusion (n = 40) or saline (placebo, n = 33) in addition to standard therapy. The primary end points were myocardial perfusion after PCI and LV remodeling at 6 months. Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction frame count and myocardial blush grade were evaluated before and after reperfusion treatment. LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, ejection fraction, and wall motion score index were assessed in each patient after PCI and after 6 months. Although no differences in final Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow were observed between the 2 groups, myocardial blush grade 3 was more frequently achieved in the GIK group (p <0.05). At 6 months, ventricular remodeling was more often observed in the control group (24% vs 3%, p <0.05). In conclusion, GIK infusion in adjunct to primary PCI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was safe, improved myocardial perfusion after revascularization, and was associated with less LV remodeling at follow-up.     

AMI患者PCI后心肌灌注水平对心功能及左室重构的影响

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者经皮冠脉介入术（PCI）后TIMI血流III级时的心肌灌注水平及其对心功能与左室重构的影响。方法: 对36例AMI患者PCI后行经静脉心肌声学造影（MCE）和心脏二维超声检查。①利用心肌声学造影评分（MCS）及室壁运动评分(WMS)分析PCI后心肌灌注情况与室壁运动情况的关系;②根据声学造影积分指数（CSI）将患者分为A、B两组,比较两组的左室射血分数（LVEF）,评估心肌灌注水平对心功能的影响;③根据心脏二维超声结果,比较两组患者术后6个月时左室舒张末直径（LVEDD）及LVEF的变化,进一步评估心肌灌注水平对左室重构的影响。结果: PCI后梗死相关血管TIMI血流均达III级。共152节段与梗死相关血管的再灌注有关。①MCS为0分的18节段中,2个（11.1%）WMS为1~2分;MCS为0.5分的30节段中16个（53.3 %）WMS为1~2分;MCS为1分的104节段中,82个（78.8%）WMS为1~2分;统计学分析显示,PCI后心肌灌注水平与室壁运动呈正相关（P<0.05）。②心肌灌注好的A组LVEF显著大于B组［(52.1±3.4)%,(47.2±2.9)%,P<0.05］。③术后6个月A组的LVEF及LVEDD均无明显变化,B组的LVEF较前有所下降［(47.2±2.9)%,(43.8±4.4)%,P<0.05］,LVEDD较前有所增加［(50.2±2.9) mm,(56.3±3.1) mm,P<0.05］。结论: AMI患者PCI后心肌灌注水平与心功能及左室重构有一定相关性,良好的心肌灌注在一定程度上可以抑制左室重构。     

Cardiac troponin I level correlates with chronic-phase left ventricular function after successful direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: The relationships between cardiac troponin I, various biochemical markers, and chronic-phase left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after successful direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were examined in 36 patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Biochemical markers were measured on admission, immediately after, and from 6 hours to 9 days after PTCA. RESULTS: The time to peak values were: creatine kinase-MB 9.7 hours, cardiac troponin I 9.8 hours, myoglobin 10.7 hours, creatine kinase 10.6 hours, cardiac troponin T 18.6 hours, and myosin light chain 68.9 hours. Cardiac troponin T, cardiac troponin I and myosin light chain levels were elevated over 9 days after successful direct PTCA. Chronic-phase LVEF inversely correlated with peak values of creatine kinase-MB (r = -0.519, p < 0.01), cardiac troponin T (r = -0.500, p < 0.01), cardiac troponin I (r = -0.441, p < 0.05) and creatine kinase (r = -0.411, p < 0.05). The values of cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB at each sampling point were significantly inversely related to chronic-phase LVEF. The value of cardiac troponin I at each time point for 7 days correlated well with chronic-phase LVEF. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac troponin I has high specificity for predicting long-term cardiac function after successful direct PTCA when early values are unavailable.     

Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for unstable angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction

The effect of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function has not been systematically investigated in patients treated for unstable angina or ischemia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To assess the relation between reduction of stenosis severity and improvement in diastolic function in this setting, 42 patients with either unstable angina (n = 22) or post-AMI ischemia (n = 20) were serially monitored by Doppler echocardiography 8 +/- 5 hours before and 2 +/- 1 days after PTCA. Doppler LV filling indexes included isovolumic relaxation time, mitral deceleration time, E/A peak velocity ratio and atrial filling fraction. Eighteen aged-matched control subjects served to establish normal values for comparison. Before PTCA, both groups exhibited abnormal diastolic function demonstrated by prolonged isovolumic relaxation time and mitral deceleration time, decreased E/A ratio and increased atrial filling fraction. After PTCA isovolumic relaxation time and deceleration time decreased 18 +/- 28 (p less than 0.005) and 33 +/- 43 ms (p less than 0.002) in the unstable angina group and 18 +/- 23 (p less than 0.003) and 14 +/- 34 ms (difference not significant), respectively, in the post-AMI ischemia group. An increase in E/A ratio and a decrease in atrial filling fraction occurred in both groups; however, these changes were significant only in patients with post-AMI ischemia (+21%, p less than 0.03 and -11.4%, p less than 0.005, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)