一针法回肠造口在后期回肠造口还纳手术中应用价值的前瞻性分析

目的:探讨一针法回肠造口在后期回肠造口还纳手术中的应用价值。方法:采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法。选取2016年1月至2020年7月郑州大学附属肿瘤医院收治的141例行直肠癌低位前切除+预防性回肠造口术病人的临床病理资料,剔除未行造口还纳手术病人14例,最终入组127例。按照随机数字表法将病人分为两组。行一针法回肠造口设为...     

The value of diverting loop ileostomy on the high-risk colon and rectal anastomosis

INTRODUCTION: The need for diverting loop ileostomies to protect high-risk anastomoses has been questioned recently by several authors. This study was designed to evaluate the potential benefits and complications of diverting loop ileostomies in a high-risk anastomosis population. METHODS: Ninety-four consecutive patients undergoing diverting loop ileostomy were evaluated from a prospective database between 2003 and 2006. Criteria for diversion were: anastomosis less than 5 cm from the anal verge, previous pelvic radiation therapy, obstruction, and infection. Data regarding patient demographics, underlying pathology, anastomotic problems, and ileostomy-related problems were gathered. RESULTS: Indications for surgery were malignancy (n = 40), ulcerative colitis (n = 37), acute diverticulitis (n = 12), perirectal fistulas (n = 3), and familial polyposis (n = 2). There were 5 anastomotic complications. One required permanent stoma and 4 required delay in diverting ileostomy closure but no other intervention. Ileostomy-related problems were limited to minor stoma and pouch complaints requiring stoma nurse evaluation (n = 23), dehydration requiring outpatient (n = 8) or inpatient (n = 4) intravenous fluids, stricture at stoma closure site (n = 2), and bleeding at stoma closure site (n = 1). Four stoma site hernias (4.3%) have been identified to date. CONCLUSION: The use of diverting loop ileostomy in patients undergoing colon and rectal surgery with high-risk anastomoses is beneficial. Their selected use has resulted in a 1% anastomotic loss rate with an acceptably low rate of complications related to the ileostomy.     

The double-spouted loop ileostomy

Objective  A functional improvement to a conventional loop ileostomy is described with both proximal and distal limbs spouted reducing the number of patients with problematic ileostomies.
Method  The results of the National Prospective Audit of Stoma Complications for the hospital showed 14/15 of the traditional single loop ileostomies were identified as problematic. 21 patients were then studied prospectively, who underwent formation of a new type of loop stoma, in which both the proximal and distal limbs were spouted.
Results  In the group of 21 patients with a double spouted loop ileostomy 3/21 had a problematic stoma. The number of appliances needed was significantly less than the single spouted group. The number of home visits by the stoma nurse and outpatient visits to the stoma therapy team at the hospital were also significantly less in the double spouted group.
Conclusion  This modification of the loop ileostomy, with both the proximal and distal ends of the bowel spouted has several advantages. The danger of spouting the wrong limb is eliminated, it can be created very easily via a trephine technique and spouting the distal limb reduces the leakage of mucus under the flange of the stoma bag, reducing the problems of poor appliance adhesion.     

Adenocarcinoma arising at ileostomy sites: Two cases and a review of the literature

Total colectomy with ileostomy placement is a treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). A rare and late complication of this treatment is carcinoma arising at the ileostomy site. We describe two such cases: a 78-year-old male 30 years after subtotal colectomy and ileostomy for FAP, and an 85-year-old male 50 years after colectomy and ileostomy for ulcerative colitis. The long latency period between creation of the ileostomies and development of carcinoma suggests a chronic metaplasia due to an irritating/inflammatory causative factor. Surgical excision of the mass and relocation of the stoma is the mainstay of therapy, with possible benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy. Newly developed lesions at stoma sites should be biopsied to rule out the possibility of this rare ileostomy complication.     

Morbidity and complications of protective loop ileostomy

Objective  The creation of a loop ileostomy is considered suitable to protect a distal anastomosis in colorectal surgery. This technique is, however, associated with failure, complications and even mortality. The aim of this study was to quantify retrospectively the morbidity associated with an ileostomy and its subsequent closure.
Method  One hundred and nineteen patients with a temporary loop ileostomy, created between January 2000 and July 2007 were retrospectively analysed from a review of patient records.
Results  All ileostomies were closed after a median period of 106 days (interquartile range: 69–174 days). Stoma-related morbidity occurred in 23 (19%) patients. After ileostomy closure, 16 major complications were seen in 14 (12%) patients and 43 minor complications occurred in 25 (21%) patients. Sixty-three patients (53%) had neither stoma-related morbidity or peri- or postoperative complications after stoma closure.
Conclusion  Protective loop ileostomy was found to be associated with a high morbidity. This raises the question of the mode of identifying the specific patients with a low anastomosis who should be provided an ileostomy for protection, set against the potential complications of the formation and closure of the ileostomy.     

The continent ileostomy: Long-term durability and patient satisfaction

The long-term results of the continent ileostomy are controversial. Durability and patient satisfaction were evaluated by analyzing the outcome in 129 consecutive patients who had a continent ileostomy performed by one surgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, between 1975 and 1995. A quality-of-life questionnaire was sent to all patients for whom addresses were available (n = 121). Late outcome data could be obtained for 85 (66%) of the 129 patients. Three of the 85 patients died with their continent ileostomies but of unrelated causes. Fifty-one (60%) of 85 patients currently have the continent ileostomy (group A) (mean 15.1 years, range 2.7 to 21.7 years), whereas 31 (36%) of 85 have undergone conversion of continent ileostomy to conventional ileostomy (group B) (mean 5.4 years, range 0.2 to 20.4 years). Patients in group A underwent fewer major postoperative revisions (mean 0.7, range 0 to 4) than patients in group B (mean 1.3, range 0 to 8) (t test, P = 0.088). The indications for pouch removal included valve dysfunction (42%), refractory pouchitis (23%), multiple fistulas (26%), Crohn’s disease (6%), and other (16%) (four patients had two indications). Eighty-seven percent of survey respondents in group A considered their present state of health to be better than before their continent ileostomies. Fifty-seven percent and 82 % of respondents in group A were not limited at all in regard to vigorous or moderate activity, respectively. Although in approximately one third of patients the pouch had to be removed, 97% of the remaining two thirds have a good to excellent outcome. Presented at the Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, New Orleans, La., May 17–20, 1998 (poster presentation).     

改良三针法回肠末端预防性造口手术技巧的应用

目的评价三针法预防性回肠末端造口术的应用效果。 方法回顾性分析2018年4月至2018年8月期间收治的13例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后行末端回肠预造口的患者资料,造口方式采用改良三针法固定造口,即一侧腹直肌前后鞘缝合1针,再连针带线穿过肠系膜无血管区,然后在另一侧腹直肌前后鞘再缝合1针,出针后将缝线再由无血管区穿回对侧,收紧缝线;再将造口远近端肠管各固定1针于腹直肌前后鞘。继而开放造瘘口,并将造口肠管全层与皮肤间断缝合。 结果13例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间(139.62±47.01) min,平均术中出血量(56.15±32.54) ml,有1例患者术后出现造口皮肤黏膜分离,保守治疗后好转。其余患者均未发生造口黏膜与皮肤分离、造口塌陷、造口脱垂、造瘘口肠管坏死、狭窄、感染等并发症。 结论本术式操作简便、易于掌握,手术耗时相对减少,术后并发症少,便于还纳,进一步改进了回肠末端预防性造口的手术方式,一般情况良好,具有安全性和可行性。     

Morbidity and mortality after closure of loop ileostomy

Background  A temporary loop ileostomy is commonly used to protect low pelvic anastomoses. Closure is associated with morbidity and mortality. This study investigated patterns of complications after loop ileostomy closure and factors associated with morbidity and mortality.
Method  A review was performed of patients who underwent loop ileostomy closure between 1999 and 2005.
Results  Three hundred and twenty-five patients underwent closure of loop ileostomy. Reasons for primary surgery were: anterior resection for cancer ( n  = 160, 49%), ileal pouch-anal anastomosis ( n  = 114, 35%), diverticular disease ( n  = 25, 8%), Crohn's colitis ( n  = 4, 1%) and other conditions ( n  = 22, 7%). Overall mortality was 2.5% ( n  = 8) and morbidity was 22.8% ( n  = 74). Thirty-two patients (10%) developed small bowel obstruction, of whom seven required operative intervention. Overall, the re-operation rate in this series was 28 patients (8.6%).
Thirteen (4%) patients had an anastomotic leak of whom 12 patients had re-operation. Preoperative anaemia was significantly associated with leakage (Hb < 11 g/dl; n  = 65, P  = 0.033). The leakage rate was lower after a stapled anastomosis than a hand-sutured anastomosis (4/203 vs 9/122; P  = 0.039). Hypo-albuminaemia (albumin < 34 g/l) was significantly associated with mortality ( n  = 46, P  < 0.001).
Conclusions  Loop ileostomy closure is associated with morbidity and mortality. Anaemia and hypo-albuminaemia may be associated with poor outcome.     

改良“瞄准器”状缝合术在回肠预防性造口还纳术中的应用

目的 探讨改良“瞄准器”状缝合术处理回肠造口还纳术后腹壁切口的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2019年2月至2022年2月间笔者团队收治的58例回肠造口还纳术患者病例资料,根据造口还纳术后腹壁切口缝合方式的不同,将研究对象分为观察组（26例）及对照组（32例）,观察组采用改良“瞄准器”状缝合术,对照组采用传统一期缝合术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后进食时间、拆线时间、术后住院时间、切口感染率及术后切口疼痛评分。结果 观察组术后进食时间、拆线时间、术后住院时间、术后第一天疼痛评分及切口感染率明显低于对照组（均P < 0.05）。两组手术时间、术中出血量差异比较未见统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。结论 与传统一期缝合术相比,改良“瞄准器”状缝合术处理腹壁切口可明显降低回肠造口术后切口感染率及术后第一天疼痛感,缩短术后进食时间、拆线时间及术后住院时间。     

Ghost ileostomy: real and potential advantages

Loop ileostomy is created to minimize the clinical impact of colorectal anastomotic leak. However, a lot of complications may be associated with ileostomy presence and with its reversal. Moreover, patients hardly accept the quality of life resulting from ileostomy. We describe a simple technique (ghost ileostomy) to combine all the advantages of a disposable ileostomy without entailing its complications in patients submitted to low rectal resection. In case of uneventful postoperative course, the ghost ileostomy prevents all complications related to defunctioning ileostomy. At the same time, in case of anastomotic leakage, the ghost ileostomy is easily and safely converted into a defunctioning ileostomy.     

Morbidity and quality of life after continent ileostomy in the Netherlands

Background  Continent ileostomy (CI) after proctocolectomy is an alternative technique compared to an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). The question arises as to whether this technique is valuable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the continent ileostomy, by patient follow-up satisfaction and quality of life assessment.
Method  Twenty-eight patients with a continent ileostomy operated between 1996 and 2007 were compared with patients who received an IPAA or a conventional ileostomy. SF-36 and EORTC QLC-CR38 questionnaires and a specific continent ileostomy questionnaire were used to assess differences and patient satisfaction.
Results  The quality of life in patients with a CI is not significant better or worse than patients with either a conventional ileostomy or an IPAA. On three scales (sexual enjoyment, gastro-intestinal tract symptoms and male sexual problems) statistically significant differences were reported. Overall, nearly all patients are very satisfied with the CI. All patients would make the same decision again and would recommend this procedure to other patients.
Conclusion  The continent ileostomy remains to be a suitable alternative for the preservation of continence after a proctocolectomy, especially when an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is not an option. If a choice has to be made between a CI and conventional ileostomy good preoperative counselling is necessary to make a well founded decision. To minimize complications, these procedures have to be performed in centres with specific expertise. Therefore, knowledge about the CI should be preserved for the future.     

Closure of defunctioning loop ileostomy is associated with considerable morbidity

Aim An elective defunctioning ileostomy is commonly employed to attenuate the morbidity that may arise from distal anastomotic leakage. The magnitude of risk associated with subsequent ileostomy closure is difficult to estimate as many of the data arise from small series. This study looked at the rate of complications and predictive factors in a large series of patients. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients who had an elective closure of ileostomy between 2005 and 2010. Patient demographics, preoperative risk factors and operative variables were recorded. The primary outcome was occurrence of major (mortality, sepsis, return to the operating room, renal failure, major cardiac, neurological or respiratory episode) or minor (wound infection, urinary tract infection) complications within 30 days. Univariate and multivariate regression was used to evaluate the effect of these clinical factors on the complication rate. Results In total, 5401 patients underwent closure of ileostomy, of whom 502 (9.3%) patients had major complications. The incidence of minor complications was 8.4% (452 patients). There were 32 (0.6%) deaths. American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, functional status, prolonged operative time, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dialysis and disseminated cancer were independent predictors of major complications. There was no significant increase in complication rates in patients over the age of 80. Major complications were associated with a significant increase in postoperative stay (13.9 vs 4.7 days, P < 0.0001). Conclusion Closure of ileostomy is associated with a significant complication rate. It may use as many resources as the primary surgery and is not a minor follow‐up operation.     

Modification of the stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis for ileostomy closure

The use of stapling devices simplifies ileostomy closure; however, the original functional end-to-end anastomotic technique creates intersecting staple lines, generally causing disruption of the anastomosis at the intersections. Therefore, we modified the stapling technique to prevent the two staple lines from crossing. After the everted ileostomy spout is turned back, a stapled side-to-side anastomosis is made. Everting traction sutures are then placed around the ileostomy orifice prior to closure with a linear stapler, thus ensuring that this staple line does not cross the V-shaped staple line of the intestinal anastomosis. This modified technique was employed in the treatment of 20 patients, none of whom developed any signs of anastomotic leakage or intestinal obstruction.     

末端回肠外置造口在低位直肠癌手术中的应用

目的探讨末端回肠造口在低位直肠癌手术中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析16例低位直肠癌前切除术中加行末端回肠外置造口术防治吻合口漏的临床资料。结果 16例均经直肠癌低位前切除术切除病灶一期吻合并加行末端回肠外置造口术。术后未发生吻合口漏。2个月后二期手术回纳回肠造口,回纳前3例出现直肠吻合口狭窄,所有病人如期实施造口回纳,未出现并发症。结论末端回肠外置造口制作和回纳简单,手术并发症少,可有效预防和治疗直肠癌术后吻合口漏,尤其在高龄、全身情况较差、有伴发病、手术操作难度大等不利于低位吻合病人中有较好的临床推广价值。