超声心动图诊断模型在鉴别心肌淀粉样变性与其他原因所致心肌肥厚中的应用

目的 采用LASSO回归整合多种超声参数建立诊断模型,探讨其对心肌淀粉样变性(CA)与其他心肌肥厚疾病的鉴别诊断价值.资料与方法 纳入11例CA左心室增厚、27例非CA左心室增厚以及22例心肌正常的受试者(对照组).比较3组间左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心房前后径、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室室壁厚...     

64层螺旋CT对心尖肥厚型心肌病的临床应用研究

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT(MSCT)在心尖肥厚型心肌病(AHCM)中的临床价值.方法 搜集AHCM患者21例,其中14例经超声心动图(UCG)确诊,UCG检查阴性的7例经MRI确诊.所有患者均行MSCT检查,5例患者有左心室和冠状动脉导管造影对照.(1)利用MSCT后处理工作站分别测量左心室各节段舒张末期和收缩末期室壁厚度并计算心尖部室壁增厚率(LVAT),计算左心室心尖部舒张末期最大室壁厚度(LvA)和左心室基底段后壁舒张末期室壁厚度(LVPW)的比值(LVA/LVPW);利用心功能分析软件定量测量左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、射血分数,与对照组30名正常人MSCT测量结果进行对比分析,采用独立样本的t检验进行统计学分析.(2)利用MSCT血管分析软件判断冠状动脉血管有无狭窄并测量狭窄率.结果 MSCT左心室四腔面和两腔面观察AHCM患者在左心室舒张末期均显示心尖部心肌呈弥漫性或节段性增厚,导致左心室心腔变形.定量分析显示AHCM组和对照组LVEDV分别为(82.6±11.4)与(108.5±10.6)ml;心尖部LVA分别为(20.6±3.4)与(9.9±1.5)mm;LVA/LVPW比值分别为2.1±0.5与1.1±0.2;LVAT分别为(25.6±4.7)%与(81.5±8.5)%,以上指标差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为8.32、15.29、9.91和27.30,P值均＜0.05);LVPW和左心室射血分数(LVEF)2组比较差异无统计学意义(t值分别为0.26和1.13,P值均＞0.05).MSCT血管分析软件显示21例患者中5例肌壁内冠状动脉-心肌桥形成,4例出现血管狭窄,其中1例1支血管狭窄＞70%诊断冠心病.5例患者行左心室和冠状动脉导管造影检查,所见与MSCT相符.结论 MSCT能准确诊断AHCM,实现了心脏解剖、功能和冠状动脉的综合评价,避免了有创冠状动脉造影和重复检查对患者带来的不便,在评价心肌血流灌注、心肌活性方面表现出良好的应用前景.     

双源CTA评价非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征

目的:探讨双源CT血管成像(DSCTA)评价非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)的价值.方法:搜集临床疑似NSTE ASC且经DSCTA判断为左冠状动脉前降支管腔临界狭窄(狭窄程度为50％～70％)的患者57例,1周内行冠脉造影(CAG)证实狭窄程度,并行导管法测量血流储备分数(FFR),以FFR 0.80为临界值将57例患者分为A组(FFR＜0.80)和B组(FFR≥0.80),测量左室前壁、侧壁心肌、左心室腔CT值及舒张末期、收缩末期节段室壁厚度,比较两组间前壁与侧壁相对CT值、舒张末期心肌厚度及室壁增厚率.结果:A、B两组前壁与侧壁心肌相对CT值及舒张末期心肌厚度差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A组前壁与侧壁室壁增厚率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组前壁与侧壁室壁增厚率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);前壁心肌相对CT值及室壁增厚率A、B两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而舒张末期心肌厚度A、B两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:DSCTA评价左冠状动脉前降支管腔临界狭窄联合节段心肌CT值、舒张末期心肌厚度及室壁增厚率分析,可为NSTE-ACS的诊断及治疗提供依据.     

健康成年人左心室形态和功能的磁共振成像研究

目的:探讨磁共振成像测量左心室形态及功能的方法和准确性。方法:应用磁共振成像仪对40例健康成年人进行图像扫描及后处理分析,分别用短轴位、长轴位、四腔心位测量左心室室壁和室间隔的厚度、心腔大小,屏气电影法测量计算左心室容积和功能。结果:左心室室壁和室间隔的厚度、心腔大小的测量值、舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积及心肌重量男性均大于女性,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);但左心室短径的收缩末期径线男女无显著性差异(P>0.05);左心室心肌重量与身高的比值、射血分数与年龄无关;经身高的调整,各测量值仍是男性大于女性(P<0.02);经体表面积的调整,心室容积(包括舒张末期和收缩末期)、心肌重量的测量值男性大于女性(P<0.05),女性左心室心腔大小与体表面积的比值增加,而且舒张末期横径与体表面积的比值女性大于男性(P<0.05)。结论:左心室的室壁厚度、心腔的大小、心室的功能,均与性别、个体大小有关,磁共振成像能准确测量左心室的室壁厚度、心腔的大小,且能计算心室功能,是一种临床实用价值很高的技术。     

MSCT与超声心动图评价成人左心室整体收缩功能的对比研究

目的 与超声心动图对比,探讨MSCT评估左室整体收缩功能与超声心动图的相关性,评价MSCT测量左室整体收缩功能的可行性及准确性.方法 回顾性分析MSCT冠状动脉CTA检查的50例患者的资料,以10％ R-R间期间隔重建图像,测定出左心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏输出量(SV)、左室射血分数(EF),同时进行超声心动图检查,与超声心动图所测得的相应指标进行相关性分析.结果 10％R-R间期间隔测定的心功能指标与超声心动图检查的各项指标的相关性很高,r在(0.70～0.96)之间,EDV、ESV、SV值:MSCT＞超声心动图,EF值:MSCT≤超声心动图.结论 MSCT冠状动脉造影检查所获得的整体心功能指标数据较准确、可靠,具有较高的临床应用价值,临床可应用10％R-R间期间隔重建图像测定心功能,相对简便快捷.     

肥厚型心肌病的MRI诊断

目的：探讨磁共振成像(MRl)对肥厚型心肌病(HCM)的诊断价值，并与超声心动图的结果相对比；同时通过磁共振电影观察心脏功能的改变及心室壁厚度于心动周期内的变化情况。材料和方法：15例肥厚型心肌病患者，MRI扫描时应用心电门控，分别进行自旋回波(SE)序列和梯度回波(GE)序列(电影)检查观察心室壁和心内血流动力学的改变；同时进行超声心动图检查。结果：于舒张末期在左心室中部水平(短轴位)分别测得心室前壁、侧壁、后壁和室间隔的室壁厚度，在心脏长轴位测得心尖部的室壁厚度，并与二维超声结果相比较，并根据心脏电影MRI计算出室间隔和心室侧壁的室壁增厚率。结论：(1)肥厚型心肌病以心室壁的异常肥厚为特点，MRI表现既有左室壁对称性普遍肥厚；亦有非对称性局部心肌肥厚的各类亚型。根据血流动力学的改变MRI可区分梗阻型和非梗阻型。(2)对于心室(前)侧壁、心尖部和室间隔局限性增厚的HCM，MRI能准确定位和分段，对室壁厚度的测量较二维超声心动图亦更准确。(3)电影MRI可反映心动周期内心腔内的血流动力学改变；同时更清楚地显示出心肌于舒张期和收缩期不同时相的动态变化情况。     

超声联合Tei指数评价尿毒症心肌病左室肥厚及形变对心功能的影响

目的采用超声联合Tei指数评估尿毒症合并心肌病患者左室肥厚情况,探究其形变对心功能的影响。方法选取我院2016年6月～2018年6月收治的132例尿毒症患者和66例健康志愿者作为研究对象,健康志愿者作为正常组,尿毒症患者根据左心室不同构型分将左心室构型正常者作为对照组,左心室肥厚的尿毒症心肌病患者作为观察组。采用超声心动图常规测量左心室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、室间隔厚度(IVSd)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd),并计算左心室质量(LVM)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及左室缩短率(LVFS);同时在组织多普勒成像TDI模式下,定量、定位测量二、三尖瓣环速度及时间等指标,计算Tei指数,评估尿毒症心肌病患者左心室构型变化及其对收缩/舒张功能的影响。结果 M型超声心动图发现,观察组尿毒症心肌病患者因左心室肥厚,其LVIDd、LVIDs、IVSd、LVPWd、LVMI及RWT均大于左心室构型正常的对照组和健康人群(P0.05);而左心室肥厚观察组患者LVEF和LVFS均显著低于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。同时,观察组患者左室舒张功能降低,二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值流速(E峰)降低,舒张晚期峰值流速(A峰)升高,E/A比值降低(P0.05)。尿毒症心肌病患者因左心室肥厚,左室Tei指数显著高于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论通过超声心动图联合组织多普勒超声模式下测得的Tei指数可以较好的评估尿毒症心肌病患者的左室肥厚及形变对心功能的影响,为临床治疗提供依据。     

不同抗荷体质训练方法对空军青少年航空学校学生心脏结构与功能的影响

目的 通过超声心动图评估不同抗荷体质训练方法对空军青少年航空学校学生心脏结构与功能的影响.方法 随机抽取空军青少年航空学校2016级377名参加传统抗荷体质训练方法训练的高三学生为传统训练组(A组)、2017级300名参加改进抗荷体质训练方法训练的高三学生为改进训练组(B组).对比2组的超声心动图指标,包括:左室舒张末期室壁厚度(left ventricular end diastolic wall thickness,LVWd)、左室收缩末期室壁厚度(left ventricular end systolic wall thickness,LVWs)、左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVIDd)、左室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVIDs)、左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左室缩短分数(left ventricular fractional shortening,LVFS)、左室舒张末期容积(left ventricular end diastolic volume,LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(left ventricular end systolic volume,LVESV)、左室每搏输出量(left ventricular stroke volume,LVSV)各参数,计算左室心肌重量(left ventricular myocardialweight,LVM)、室壁增厚率(left ventricular wall thickening fraction,LVWTF),并进行统计学分析.结果 改进训练组LVWs、LVIDd、LVIDs、LVEF、LVFS、LVEDV、LVESV、LVSV、LVWTF均大于传统训练组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而LVWd、LVM差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 改进抗荷体质训练方法,使学生心脏形态发生适应性代偿改变,有效提升了学生心脏功能.     

2D-FIESTA MRI对左心室壁功能的评价

目的:探讨应用2D-FIESTA磁共振成像对左室壁功能的评价。材料和方法:对30例冠心病患者及10例健康志愿者行左室双斜位短轴2D-FIESTA心脏MRI检查。对比患者左室射血分数、室壁厚度、室壁增厚率及运动幅度与健康志愿者之间的差异;测量舒张末期左室基底部室间隔厚度,室间隔搏动幅度,左室后壁厚度和搏动幅度,并与M型超声检查相比较。结果:30例患者的射血分数为(58.36±6.46)%,收缩末期室壁厚度为(14.83±2.36)mm,舒张末期室壁厚度为(9.83±1.55)mm,室壁增厚率为(61.35±10.03)%,室壁运动幅度为(10.33±1.41)mm;10例健康志愿者结果分别为(65.73±8.46)%,(16.53±3.18)mm,(9.47±1.14)mm,(70.52±11.32)%,(12.58±1.37)mm;患者射血分数、室壁增厚率、室壁运动幅度值明显低于健康志愿者(P<0.05)。30例患者心脏MR所测室间隔厚度分别为(10.45±1.16)mm,室间隔搏动幅度(8.16±1.79)mm,左室后壁厚度(10.4±1.24)mm,左室后壁搏动幅度(9.23±1.94)mm,与M型超声结果无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:2D-FIESTA心脏电影可以可靠的评价左心室壁功能,可以用作评价心脏功能的补充方法。     

超声心动图对妊娠期糖尿病胎儿心脏功能的评价

目的:探讨超声心动图在评价妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)胎儿心脏构型和功能变化中的价值。方法:对31例GDM胎儿(观察组)和35例健康孕妇胎儿(对照组)进行心脏结构和功能相关指标测定,并行组间比较。结果:观察组胎儿左心室厚度、右心室舒张末期内径、右室收缩末期内径、右心室壁的厚度、室间隔收缩末期厚度、左室射血分数、左室及右室短轴缩短率测定值均大于对照组,二尖瓣、三尖瓣E峰和A峰的速度比值均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组胎儿左室舒张、收缩末期内径及室间隔舒张末期厚度测定值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组胎儿左右心室Tei指数均明显大于对照组(P0.05)。结论:GDM胎儿心脏构型和功能多发生变化,多普勒超声是评价这种变化的有效方法。     

Electrocardiograph-gated single photon emission computed tomography radionuclide angiography presents good interstudy reproducibility for the quantification of global systolic right ventricular function

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiograph-gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radionuclide angiography provides accurate measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. AIM: In this study, we report the interstudy precision and reliability of SPECT radionuclide angiography for the measurement of global systolic right ventricular function using two, three-dimensional volume processing methods (SPECT-QBS, SPECT-35%). These were compared with equilibrium planar radionuclide angiography. METHODS: Ten patients with chronic coronary artery disease having two SPECT and planar radionuclide angiography acquisitions were included. RESULTS: For the right ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume, the interstudy precision and reliability were better with SPECT-35% than with SPECT-QBS. The sample sizes needed to objectify a change in right ventricular volumes or ejection fraction were lower with SPECT-35% than with SPECT-QBS. The interstudy precision and reliability of SPECT-35% and SPECT-QBS for the right ventricle were better than those of equilibrium planar radionuclide angiography, but poorer than those previously reported for the left ventricle with SPECT radionuclide angiography on the same population. CONCLUSION: SPECT-35% and SPECT-QBS present good interstudy precision and reliability for right ventricular function, with the results favouring the use of SPECT-35%. The results are better than those of equilibrium planar radionuclide angiography, but poorer than those previously reported for the left ventricle with SPECT radionuclide angiography. They need to be confirmed in a larger population.     

Value of 3D-volume rendering in the assessment of coronary arteries with retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value and measurement precision of 3D volume rendering technique (3D-VRT) from retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT (MSCT) data sets for imaging of the coronary arteries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 35 patients, retrospectively ECG-gated MSCT of the heart using a four detector row MSCT scanner with a standardized examination protocol was performed as well as quantitative X-ray coronary angiography (QCA). The MSCT data was assessed on segmental basis using 3D-VRT exclusively. The coronary artery diameters were measured at the origin of each main coronary branch and 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm distally. The minimum, maximum and mean diameters were determined from MSCT angiography and compared to QCA. RESULTS: A total of 353 of 525 (67.2%) coronary artery segments were assessable by MSCT angiography. The proximal segments were more often assessable when compared to the distal segments. Stenoses were detected with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 92.8%. According to the Bland-Altman method the mean differences between QCA and MSCT ranged from -0.55 to 1.07 mm with limits of agreement from -2.2 mm to -2.7 mm. CONCLUSION: When compared to QCA, the ability of 3D-VRT to quantitatively assess coronary artery diameters and coronary artery stenoses is insufficient for clinical purposes.     

Assessment of global and regional left ventricular function using 64-slice multislice computed tomography and 2D echocardiography: a comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance

OBJECTIVES: To compare the assessment of global and regional left ventricular (LV) function using 64-slice multislice computed tomography (MSCT), 2D echocardiography (2DE) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive patients (mean age, 56.5+/-9.7 years) referred for evaluation of coronary artery using 64-slice MSCT also underwent 2DE and CMR within 48h. The global left ventricular function which include left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVdV) and left ventricular end systolic volume (LVsV) were determine using the three modalities. Regional wall motion (RWM) was assessed visually in all three modalities. The CMR served as the gold standard for the comparison between 64-slice MSCT with CMR and 2DE with CMR. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plots and kappa-statistics. RESULTS: The 64-slice MSCT agreed well with CMR for assessment of LVEF (r=0.92; p<0.0001), LVdV (r=0.98; p<0.0001) and LVsV (r=0.98; p<0.0001). In comparison with 64-slice MSCT, 2DE showed moderate correlation with CMR for the assessment of LVEF (r=0.84; p<0.0001), LVdV (r=0.83; p<0.0001) and LVsV (r=0.80; p<0.0001). However in RWM analysis, 2DE showed better accuracy than 64-slice MSCT (94.3% versus 82.4%) and closer agreement (kappa=0.89 versus 0.63) with CMR. CONCLUSION: 64-Slice MSCT correlates strongly with CMR in global LV function however in regional LV function 2DE showed better agreement with CMR than 64-slice MSCT.     

Right ventricular function in healed myocardial infarction in man. A cineangiographic assessment

To evaluate the frequency of right ventricular dysfunction following recovery from myocardial infarction (MI) and the relationship of segmental right ventricular (RV) wall motion abnormalities to left ventricular (LV) function or location of coronary arterial stenosis, biplane right and left ventricular cineangiograms were obtained in 100 consecutive patients (4 +/- 3 months post MI). Thirty (group A) had anterior MI and significant stenosis or obstruction of left anterior descending artery (LAD). The remaining 70 patients had inferior MI. They were divided into three groups according to the site of the main coronary stenosis or obstruction and corresponding LV akinesia: right coronary artery (RCA) proximal to the acute marginal artery (RMA), (group B: 32 patients), RCA distal to the RMA (group C: 18 patients), left circumflex artery (LCF), (group D: 18 patients). RV and LV end-diastolic volume index (EDV), end-systolic volume index (ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) have been determined. RV segmental wall motion was assessed in RAO and LAO projection by determining the percentage of systolic shortening (+ delta R) along 11 hemiaxes. Mean axial shortening (delta R) of the RV inferior and free walls were considered. When compared with that in 10 normal subjects, RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), RV end-systolic volume (RVESV) were increased and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) was lower in patients with anterior or inferior MI. Inferior delta R exhibited comparable sequential changes in the three groups of inferior MI and similar LVEF alteration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

基于64层CT的左冠状动脉前降支动脉硬化程度与左心功能改变相关性研究

目的：利用64层CT对左冠状动脉前降支动脉硬化与左心功能变化之间的相关性进行评估.方法：经64层CT确诊的左冠状动脉前降支（LAD）硬化狭窄共83例,正常对照组20例,均行64层螺旋CT心功能分析,分别计算出左室心肌质量、左室射血分数、左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积和每搏输出量等参数.按前降支管腔狭窄程度（〈50%,50%～70%,〉75%）对研究对象进行分组,并进行统计学分析.结果：A组（管腔狭窄〈50%）21例,心功能参数无显著变化;B组（管腔狭窄50%～75%）33例,主要表现为左室心肌质量增加,左室收缩末期容积增加,射血分数减小;C组（管腔狭窄〉75%）29例,可见LAD多发软斑块或混合性宽块,左心室心功能明显减低.结论：随着左冠状动脉前降支狭窄程度加重,心功能经历代偿到失代偿动态过程,64层CT在评价冠状动脉粥样硬化狭窄程度与心功能相关性方面具有重要价值.     

M型、二维、实时三维超声心动图评价冠心病左室收缩功能的对比研究

目的:探讨M型超声心动图(MME)、二维超声心动图(2DE)、实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)在定量评价冠心病患者左室收缩功能(LVSF)的应用价值。方法:分别采用MME、2DE、RT-3DE测量34例冠心病患者左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、收缩末期容积(LVESV)、每搏量(SV)和射血分数(EF),并在三种方法间进行比较。结果:MME和2DE两种方法测定的LVEDV、LVESV、SV大于RT-3DE测值,而EF小于RT-3DE测值,MME和2DE两种方法与RT-3DE各测值之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。MME、2DE两种方法间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:RT-3DE能准确评价冠心病患者LVSF状况;MME和2DE高估LVEDV、LVESV、SV,低估EF。     

Global and regional left ventricular function: a comparison between gated SPECT, 2D echocardiography and multi-slice computed tomography

Purpose Global and regional left ventricular (LV) function are important indicators of the cardiac status in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therapy and prognosis are to a large extent dependent on LV function. Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) has already earned its place as an imaging modality for non-invasive assessment of the coronary arteries, but since retrospective gating to the patient’s ECG is performed, information on LV function can be derived. Methods In 49 patients with known or suspected CAD, coronary angiography with MSCT imaging was performed, in addition to gated SPECT and 2D echocardiography. LV end-diastolic and LV end-systolic volumes and LV ejection fraction were analysed with dedicated software (CMR Analytical Software System, Medis, Leiden, The Netherlands for MSCT; gated SPECT by QGS, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA), and by the biplane Simpson’s rule for 2D echocardiography. Regional wall motion was evaluated according to a 17-segment model and a three-point score system. Results Correlations were fairly good between gated SPECT and MSCT (LVEDV: r=0.65; LVESV: r=0.63; LVEF: r=0.60), and excellent between 2D echocardiography and MSCT (LVEDV: r=0.92; LVESV: r=0.93; LVEF: r=0.80). Agreement for regional wall motion was 95% (κ=0.66) between gated SPECT and MSCT, and 96% (κ=0.73) between 2D echocardiography and MSCT. Conclusion Global and regional LV function and LV volumes can be adequately assessed with MSCT. Correlations with 2D echocardiography are stronger than with gated SPECT.     

Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction by EKG-gated radionuclide techniques and contrast angiography using a microcomputer system.

The left ventricular ejection fractions of 53 patients were determined from multi-image cardiac blood pool scintigrams in the left anterior oblique position utilizing a microcomputer and floppy disc. These data were compared to ejection fractions obtained at cardiac catheterization in the right anterior oblique position. The ejection fraction obtained by radionuclide technique was comparable to that obtained by contrast angiography in the 53 patients with an r = 0.93. Forty-five patients with coronary artery disease showed an r = 0.92. In the coronary artery group with regional wall dysfunction, the correlation was r = 0.89.