高压氧治疗超早期脑梗死的疗效及对神经元特异性烯醇化酶和内皮素的影响

目的研究高压氧治疗对超早期脑梗死患者的疗效及对神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、血浆内皮素（ET）的影响。方法超早期脑梗死患者分为高压氧治疗组35例和对照组33例。两组基础药物治疗相同，高压氧（HBO）治疗组采用GY-3．2型高压氧舱0．2MPa压力治疗，比较两组治疗前后NSE、血浆ET水平和神经功能缺损评分的变化。结果治疗30d后，HBO组和对照组总有效率分别为88．6％和63．6％，NSE、ET、神经功能缺损评分HBO组均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高压氧治疗能降低超早期脑梗死患者NSE和血浆ET水平。高压氧治疗通过增加供氧、调节超早期脑梗死患者的血管舒缩功能、减轻脑水肿来保护神经细胞，改善患者的神经功能。     

高压氧对缺血性脑卒中患者血清抵抗素含量的影响

目的观察高压氧（HBO）对缺血性脑卒中患者血清抵抗素含量的影响。方法已经确诊的94例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为常规治疗组（44例）和HBO治疗组（50例），抽取40例健康体检者作为正常对照组。每位患者在入院第2、10、20天时测血清抵抗素水平。结果常规治疗组血清抵抗素水平入院时比正常对照组高（P〈0．01）；第10天时已有下降，但和对照组相比依然存在统计学差异（P〈0．01）；第20天时继续下降，但仍高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。HBO治疗组血清抵抗素水平入院时比对照组高（P〈0．01）；第10天时已有下降，但明显低于常规治疗组（P〈0．05），高于正常对照组，且两者之间依然存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）；第20天血清抵抗素水平与正常对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论HBO能调节血清抵抗素水平，对缺血性脑卒中的治疗、预防复发有显著效果。     

高压氧治疗对脑梗死患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9的影响

目的探讨高压氧（HBO）治疗后急性脑梗死患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平的动态变化及其与临床疗效的关系。方法选取首次发病的24h以内的颈内动脉系统急性脑梗死患者76例，分为高压氧治疗组（HBO组，36例）和常规治疗组（常规组，40例）。常规组仅给予常规治疗，HBO组在常规治疗基础上加用HBO治疗。30例年龄、性别与脑梗死患者相匹配的健康人为健康对照组（正常对照组）。采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定脑梗死患者入院时、发病后第3、5、10天以及正常对照组血清MMP-9。所有患者于入院时和治疗后10d、1个月进行神经功能缺损评分，评价HBO组和常规组之间的疗效差异。结果（1）与正常对照组比较，HBO组和常规组入院时血清MMP-9的浓度均明显增高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01），但后二者之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。与治疗前相比，常规组和HBO组血清MMP-9水平均呈现先增高后降低的动态变化趋势，3d时达高峰，在治疗后3、5d时HBO组血清MMP-9浓度低于同期常规组（P〈0．05）。（2）治疗1个月后，神经功能缺失评分HBO组明显低于常规组；HBO组疗效优于常规组（P〈0．05）。（3）脑梗死患者神经功能缺损评分减少值与患者发病后第3天之血清MMP-9水平呈显著负相关。结论HBO治疗能降低脑梗死患者升高的血清MMP-9浓度，减轻神经功能缺失程度，其临床疗效可能与降低患者血清MMP-9的浓度有关。     

高压氧对脑梗死患者脑电图和诱发电位的影响

目的研究高压氧（HBO）对急性脑梗死患者脑电图（EEG）和脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）的影响。方法94例急性脑梗死患者分为HBO治疗组和对照组各47例，疗程2周；治疗前后检查EEG和BAEP等。结果HBO组总有效率96．3％，对照组66．0％（P〈0．01）；HBO治疗后EEG和BAEP均比治疗前明显改善（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；对照组虽亦改善，但不如HBO组明显。结论HBO治疗可以有效改善急性脑梗死患者脑功能。     

高压氧对缺血性脑卒中C-反应蛋白的影响

目的探讨高压氧对缺血性脑卒中C-反应蛋白（CRP）水平的影响，为评价高压氧对治疗缺血性脑卒中的效果提供依据。方法选择CRP水平异常（CRP〉8mg／L）的急性缺血性脑卒中住院患者，再根据性别、年龄、危险因子（吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症）进行配对，共选择有效病例25对，分为高压氧-药物综合治疗组（HBO组）和药物治疗组（对照组），于治疗前后抽取静脉血检测CRP水平，并按临床神经功能缺损程度评定标准评分，比较所得结果。结果HBO组治疗后，CRP水平明显低于治疗前（P〈0．01），亦明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；CNFDS评分明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论高压氧能显著降低患者CRP水平，改善缺血性脑卒中患者的预后。     

高压氧联合药物治疗2型糖尿病合并带状疱疹后遗神经痛的疗效CSCD

目的探讨高压氧（hyperbaricoxygen,HBO）治疗老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并带状疱疹后遗神经痛（postherpetieneuralgia,PHN）患者的临床疗效。方法T2DM合并PHN患者52例,按照治疗方法分为药物组和联合组,2组均以双氯芬酸钠缓释片＋甲钻胺片治疗;联合组同时给予HBO治疗,每日1次,共30次。分别于治疗前、治疗后1个月、治疗后3个月、治疗后6个月,对2组患者进行疼痛评分（VAS）、睡眠质量评分（PSQI）及抑郁评分（HAMD）评分并判定疗效。结果2组患者治疗前、后VAS、PSQI及HAMD评分指标差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗后联合组与药物组比较VAS评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）、PSQI及HAMD评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论HBO联合双氯芬酸钠缓释片＋甲钴胺片治疗T2DM合并PHN能减轻患者疼痛程度、增加睡眠时间,减轻抑郁症状,疗效优于单纯药物治疗。     

高压氧对脑梗塞患者血浆一氧化氮、内皮素-1含量的影响

目的观察脑梗塞患者血浆一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素-1（ET-1）含量的变化以及高压氧（HBO）对其影响。方法选取脑梗塞患者60例，每日1次给予HBO治疗，用硝酸还原酶法、放免分析法测定治疗前后观察组及对照组NO、ET-1含量的变化。结果HBO治疗前脑梗塞患者血浆ET-1的含量较对照组明显升高，而NO的含量则显著降低（P〈0．01），高压氧治疗3个疗程后，ET-1明显下降（P〈0．01），NO升高（P〈0．01）。结论HBO对脑梗塞患者血浆ET-1、NO含量的调节，有利于受损血管内皮的修复，从而改善血管的舒缩功能，有利于脑梗塞患者康复。     

高压氧治疗对176例急性脑梗死患者血浆ET-1含量的影响

目的探讨高压氧（HBO）治疗对急性脑梗死患者血浆ET-1含量及临床疗效的影响。方法急性脑梗死患者176例，分成HBO治疗组97例和常规治疗组79例，两组均给予常规治疗，HBO治疗组在发病第3天行HBO治疗，共2个疗程，分别于每个疗程结束后测定血浆ET-1含量，第2个疗程结束后行疗效评定。结果急性脑梗死病后血浆ET-1含量明显增高，HBO治疗1个疗程后血浆ET-1含量明显降低，与常规治疗组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。第2个疗程末，两组比较血浆ET-1含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），HBO治疗组治愈率＋显效率明显优于常规治疗组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论HBO治疗急性脑梗死可明显降低血浆ET-1含量，对急性脑梗死有较好的治疗作用。     

两种高压氧治疗方案对改善高原脱习服症者血液流变学指标影响的比较

目的探讨两种高压氧（HBO）治疗方案对高原脱习服青年血液流变学的影响。方法将海拔5380m、5200m、5010m居住1年返回平原（海拔1400m）的55名青年随机分为治疗1、2组,对照组等三组。治疗1组（n=20）,高压氧治疗1次／d;治疗2组（n=20）,高压氧治疗1次／隔日;对照组（n=15）,高压氧舱安慰治疗。均连续10d,分别在治疗前、治疗第5、10天后空腹抽肘静脉血观察血液流变学各项指标的变化。结果治疗5d后,治疗1、2组与较对照组及治疗前比较,疗效明显（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,治疗2组较1组,红细胞比容、红细胞变形指数改变不明显（P〉0．05）,其余所有指标改变均有统计学差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;治疗10d后,治疗1、2组及对照组与治疗5d后比较,无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,治疗2组较1组红细胞比容、红细胞变形指数改变不明显（P〉0．05）,其余所有指标改变均有统计学差异（P〈0．05或P〈O．01）。结论HBO对久居特高海拔返回平原后脱习服青年血液流变学有明显的改善作用。1次／隔日,治疗5次的效果最佳。     

硝酸甘油联合丹参川芎嗪治疗心绞痛的有效性和安全性分析

目的探讨硝酸甘油联合丹参川芎嗪治疗心绞痛的有效性及安全性。方法将72例心绞痛患者随机均分为实验组和对照组,对照组采用硝酸甘油治疗,实验组采用丹参川芎嗪联合硝酸甘油治疗,比较两组的心电图改善情况与临床疗效、治疗前后心绞痛持续时间、发作次数及不良反应发生率。结果两组心电图疗效及临床疗效总有效率比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;相比于对照组,实验组治疗后心绞痛持续时间及发作次数明显缩短,比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;实验组不良反应发生率为5．56％;对照组为16．67％,两组不良反应发生率比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论采用硝酸甘油联合丹参川芎嗪治疗心绞痛具有很好的疗效,其安全性高。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.