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??Objective    To explore the residual root on removable partial denture with artificial teeth. Methods    A total of 89 cases of patients with removable partial denture with artificial teeth were divided into two groups?? a group with retained root added artificial teeth directly?? another group with the root pulled outed. A year later??observe stability and retention of the dentures??chewing function??comfortable feding and bonding situation of artificial tooth. Results    The retention force and stability had no statistically significant difference. The wearing comfort and bonding situation of artificial teeth was better in root-removal group than in residual root group??the incidence of root caries and gingivitis in the residual root group was 8% and 24.5%??respectively. Conclusion    Adding artificial teeth after removing residual root can get better  effect in use.     

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目的探讨盐酸二甲胺环素配合治疗种植体周围黏膜炎的临床对照疗效。方法2004年6月至2007年8月在青岛市口腔医院口腔种植中心,将患有种植体周围黏膜炎的患者种植体24颗随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组行碳纤维刮治器洁刮治+抛光喷砂+局部应用盐酸二甲胺四环素软膏;对照组应用碳纤维刮治器洁刮治+抛光喷砂治疗。结果两组治疗后菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数及种植体周围探诊深度较治疗前均明显降低(P<0.05),但两种治疗方法间疗效差异无统计学意义。结论使用机械性洁治和抛光以及有效控制菌斑是治疗种植体周围黏膜炎的有效方法,局部应用盐酸二甲胺四环素软膏短期内有一定疗效。     

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??Objective??To investigate condylar position before and after occlusal splint treatment in patients with temporomandibular disorders ??TMD?? and to study the treatment mechanism. Methods??Twenty patients with TMD were chosen from January to July 2016 in the Department of Orthodontics??Hospital of Stomatology??Fujian Medical University. The image of cone-beam computed tomography ??CBCT??was photographed before and after RW splint treatment. Measurements of  the spaces of  TMJ were made to compare the change of condular position.  Results??Anterior space  decreased but posterior space increased after treatment by occlusal splint??P??0.05????but there was no statistically significant chang in superior space??P??0.05??. Conclusion??After the occlusal splint treatment?? the condyle may move forwards to get centered in glenoid fossa.     

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目的探讨关节腔注射透明质酸钠治疗间接性颞下颌关节(TMJ)损伤后并发关节功能紊乱患者的临床疗效。方法选择2009年5月至2011年5月甘肃省嘉峪关市第一人民医院口腔科收治的因间接性TMJ损伤并发关节功能紊乱且经保守治疗无效的患者40例,将其随机分为两组:治疗组20例,关节腔冲洗后注射透明质酸钠;对照组20例,单纯行关节腔冲洗。观察两组患者治疗前后关节疼痛、开口度和侧向活动度的变化。结果经过1个疗程(每周1次,3周为1个疗程)治疗后,两组患者的关节疼痛、开口度和侧向活动度均较治疗前改善;组间比较结果显示,治疗组关节疼痛、开口度和侧向活动度的改善程度均较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论关节腔注射透明质酸钠治疗间接性TMJ损伤后并发关节功能紊乱病的疗效优于单纯进行关节腔冲洗;透明质酸钠可以明显改善间接性TMJ损伤并发关节功能紊乱患者的疼痛症状、开口度和侧向活动度。     

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目的评价含生物活性玻璃成分的脱敏剂与氟保护漆联合应用对牙本质小管的堵塞效果及治疗牙本质过敏症(dentin hypersensitivity,DH)的临床疗效。方法选择2013年6月到2014年6月到中国医科大学口腔医学院干诊科就诊的59例DH患者的120颗患牙,随机分为A组(41颗)、B组(39颗)、C组(40颗),分别使用氟保护漆、奥敏清及氟保护漆与奥敏清联合涂布敏感处,应用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)法评价其疗效。另选择因正畸需要拔除的完整无龋坏前磨牙20颗,制备成敏感模型后随机分为a、b、c、d四组,每组5颗,a、b、c三组处理方法同上述A、B、C组,d组为空白对照组,用蒸馏水进行处理,扫描电镜观察各组牙本质小管的堵塞情况。结果 A、B、C三组的VAS评分值在处理即刻均明显下降,且随时间推移均有增高趋势;有效率比较,A、C两组在1个月时差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他各组间在各时点差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组内比较,A组即刻与1个月时差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。扫描电镜观察a、b、c三组牙本质小管均有不同程度堵塞,其中以联合应用组效果最佳。结论含生物活性玻璃成分的脱敏剂与氟保护漆联合应用堵塞牙本质小管的效果最佳,且具有较好的临床效果。     

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??Objective    To evaluate the sealing effect of a dentin adhesive in Class??restorations. Methods    Standardized mixed Class??cavities??2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm??were prepared in 120 extracted premolars that were randomly assigned to 4 groups??n=30 for each group??. Three adhesive systems??All Bond Universal??total-etch and self-etch????Prime & Bond NT??and G bond and resin composite??were applied to each group following manufactures′ instructions. The teeth were immersed in 50 % ammoniacal silver nitrate and depth of penetration was evaluated under a microscope??and data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results    Microleakage was observed in all groups. All Bond Universal??total-etch??scores were lower than the other two groups??P??0.05??. There was no difference between total-etch and self-etch when All Bond Universal was used??P??0.05??. Higher microleakage scores were observed along the gingival margin than along the occlusal margin in all groups??P??0.05??. Conclusion    New universal adhesive ??All Bond Universal?? is a convenient and efficient adhesive. Total-etch and self-etch have no influence on marginal microleakage the long-term effect need further study.     

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目的探讨透明质酸钠关节上腔和关节下腔注射在治疗颞下颌关节骨关节病中的疗效。方法选择2006年7月至2009年2月威海市立医院口腔门诊适合注射透明质酸钠的46例颞下颌关节骨关节病患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组25例采用关节下腔注射透明质酸钠,对照组21例采用关节上腔注射,比较两组疗效的差异。结果张口度对照组平均增加(0.96±0.13)cm,试验组平均增加(1.28±0.09)cm,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);关节疼痛对照组平均缓解(23.43±9.62)mm,试验组平均缓解(29.08±10.51)mm,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后3个月至6个月的症状改善进行比较,张口度对照组变化为(0.01±0.03)cm,试验组为(0.08±0.04)cm,差异无统计学意义;关节疼痛改善对照组为(1.64±0.56)mm,试验组为(4.24±0.79)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论透明质酸钠关节上、下腔注射对颞下颌关节骨关节病确有疗效,关节下腔注射较上腔注射对缓解患者的关节疼痛和改善张口度的效果更为明显,且对疼痛缓解的作用时间更持久。     

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目的    探讨重组人表皮生长因子（rhEGF）凝胶治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床疗效。方法    采用随机平行对照试验方法,将2007-2009年辽宁省人民医院口腔科收治64例复发性口腔溃疡（ROU）患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组用rhEGF凝胶局部涂药,对照组给予2%碘甘油局部涂药,分组观察,2组均治疗至溃疡愈合或2周止。结果    试验组患者溃疡平均愈合时间为（3.52±1.29）d,对照组为（7.58±2.07）d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。试验组总有效率（96.9%）明显高于对照组（62.5%）（P < 0.05）。结论    重组人表皮生长因子凝胶对口腔溃疡创面具有明显的促进愈合作用,应用方便、安全。     

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??Objective    To explore the responses of patients with all types of burning mouth syndrome to low-level laser therapy. Methods    Totally 90 BMS patients were randomly divided into 3 groups??30 cases in each group. Group A and B were treated with low-level laser?? and therapeutic regimens were one time a day for continuous irradiation of 20 days??group A???? and every other day for ten times??group B???? respectively. Group C was treated with non-irradiation light?? one time a day for continuous irradiation of 20 days. Group A?? B and C were all given routine medication. Before and after the treatment and in the one-month follow-up?? the pain ??VAS score?? and the total effective rates were measured. Results    Statistically significant difference ??P??0.05?? was found between group A and B in the change of VAS after treatment?? and the total effective rates of group A and B were significantly higher than that of group C. The total effective rate of type 2 BMS was significantly higher than that of type1 and 3. There was no significant difference among groups and types of BMS in the VAS scores and the total effective rates between one-month follow-up and after the treatment ??P??0.05??. Conclusion    Low-level laser is effective in the treatment of BMS?? especially for type 2. In a certain period of time?? there is no difference in the effect with different irradiation times under the same irradiation dose parameters.     

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??Objective??To assess the efficacy of oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate in the treatment of infantile parotid hemangiomas. Methods??Twenty-seven infants with parotid hemangiomas were hospitalized in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery?? Hospital of Stomatology?? China Medical University??from September 2013 to September 2015. The study group consisted of 9 males and 17 females?? aged between 2 months to 9 months?? with a median age of 4.8 months. The lesions were all located in the parotid region??and measured between 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm and 7.0 cm × 6.0 cm ×3.0 cm in size. Propranolol was administered orally at a dose of 1.0??1.5 mg/??kg·d???? 0.5% timolol maleate eye drop solution was applied topically with medical cotton swabs to the area of the lesion twice a day. The therapy duration was 12 to 32 weeks?? averaged 20.3 weeks. The follow-up duration was from 3 months to 12 months?? averaged 8.4 months. Record the colors?? volumes?? textures?? and ultrasonic results of hemangiomas before the treatments and at the end of treatments. Results??Of the 27 patients??21 demonstrated an excellent response ??77.8%????4 showed a good response ??14.8%????and 2 displayed a moderate response ??7.4%????cure rate was 77.8%??and effective rate was 100%. Conclusion??Overall??oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate is an effective treatment method for infantile parotid hemangioma??and is worth promoting.     

粘结层厚度对纤维桩在根管内剪切粘结强度的影响

目的:研究3种不同粘结层厚度在不同根管部位对纤维桩粘结强度的影响。方法:取18个离体上颌单根管前牙,常规根管治疗后根据不同桩道预备直径随机分为3组。Ⅰ组:直径1.2 mm的RTD纤维桩配套钻头预备桩道;Ⅱ组:直径1.4 mm的RTD纤维桩配套钻头预备桩道;Ⅲ组:直径1.6 mm的RTD纤维桩配套钻头预备桩道。桩道预备后使用酸蚀加自粘结材料(320 g/L磷酸+RelyXUnicem)对纤维桩进行粘结,之后将粘结有纤维桩的牙根切割成1 mm厚度的薄片,标记根管冠部、中部和尖部。用金相显微镜对每个薄片上粘结层的厚度进行测量,然后进行薄片推出测试,记录薄片推出力值并在光学显微镜下观察薄片的破坏方式。结果:不同粘结层厚度在不同根管段内均对纤维桩粘结强度有影响,在根管各段均以I组粘结强度最大,Ⅱ组次之,Ⅲ组最小,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:粘结层的厚度对纤维桩在根管内的粘结强度有影响,纤维桩直径与桩道相匹配,即粘结层厚度较薄时粘结强度最高。     

桩道牙本质壁的不同处理对纤维桩粘接强度的影响

目的：比较使用自粘接型树脂水门汀粘接纤维桩时,经3种不同方法处理桩道牙本质壁后对纤维桩粘接强度的影响。方法：收集30颗因正畸需拔除的健康下颌单根管前磨牙进行截冠、常规根管治疗、桩道预备后随机分为3组,每组10颗;使用不同方法对桩道牙本质壁进行处理：Ⅰ组(对照组)：手动注射器冲洗;Ⅱ组(超声组)：超声冲洗;Ⅲ组(激光组)： Er： YAG激光冲洗。使用自粘接桩核树脂水门汀将纤维桩粘接完毕后切片进行薄片推出实验。采用双因素方差分析检验桩道牙本质壁的不同处理方法及桩道的不同深度(根颈部,根中部,根尖部)对纤维桩粘接强度的影响,并用万能显微镜观察试件的破坏方式,对结果进行Chi-Square检验。设定检验标准α=0.05。结果：各组粘接强度差异有统计学意义,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的粘接强度显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),桩道不同深度纤维桩的粘接强度差异无统计学意义(P=0.082);各组破坏方式以混合破坏为主,但Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组中桩道牙本质壁—树脂水门汀破坏比例较Ⅰ组明显降低。结论：使用自粘接型树脂水门汀时,经超声或激光处理预备后的桩道可显著提高纤维桩的粘接强度。桩道深度对纤维桩的粘接强度无影响。     

不同根管清洗方法对纤维桩粘接强度的影响

目的 通过对根管壁内表面进行不同方式的处理来提高纤维桩的粘接强度.方法 36颗新鲜无龋单根管离体前磨牙桩道预备后随机分为6组,分别进行根管内壁处理.Ⅰ组(对照组)使用生理盐水冲洗,Ⅱ组使用2%氯己定溶液和17%乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)溶液冲洗,Ⅲ组使用3%过氧化氢溶液、17%EDTA溶液冲洗,Ⅳ组使用5.25%次氯酸钠...     

不同厚度树脂水门汀及不同根管部位对纤维桩粘固效果的影响

目的比较不同厚度树脂水门汀及不同根管部位对纤维桩粘固效果的影响。方法32个单根管离体前牙截冠后常规根管治疗,随机分为四组,按不同桩道直径（1.1mm、1.25mm、1.35mm、1.5mm）进行根管预备,并通过自酸蚀粘结系统及树脂水门汀将直径1.1mm规格纤维桩粘固于预备后的根管内,切割为1.5mm厚试件并将其按照根管深度分为上部、中部和下部,分别测试其推出强度。结果与对照组1.1mm相比,在相同根管部位,1.25mm、1.35mm的推出强度较高（P〈0.05）,1.5mm最低（P〈0.05）,各组内根管上部推出强度显著高于下部（P〈0.05）。结论树脂水门汀厚度及根管部位对纤维桩的固位效果产生一定的影响。     

超声根管清洗术对纤维桩粘接固位力的影响

目的 研究超声根管清洗术对改善纤维桩在根管内固位力的作用,为临床提供参考依据.方法 选取40颗两周内因正畸需要拔除的单根管离体牙,根冠形态完整,根长近似（≥13 mm）,经完善的根管治疗后随机分成A、B两组,于釉牙骨质界上方2 mm水平截冠并预备根管桩道.A组：不作超声根管清洗术;B组：采用超声根管清洗术.自酸蚀粘接剂把纤维桩粘接于桩道内,A、B组各15个试件在万能试验机上做拉伸粘接力测试.另在A、B组各选5个粘桩后的离体牙于根颈、根中及根尖分别切取厚1.5 mm的薄片.扫描电镜观察纤维桩与根管内壁粘接界面的显微结构.结果 拉伸粘接力试验结果表明：B组试件的纤维桩粘接力[（205.8±15.5）N]比A组试件[（151.1±13.5）N]高,（P＜0.05）.电镜观察发现：A组粘接剂与根管壁粘接界面的缝隙均较相应的B组的缝隙大.结论 使用超声根管清洗术能显著增强纤维桩与根管壁根颈处的粘接固位力.     

Effect of chlorhexidine and ethanol on the durability of the adhesion of the fiber post relined with resin composite to the root canal

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment of gel chlorhexidine and ethanol on the bond strength and durability of the adhesion of the fiber post relined with resin composite to the root dentin.

Methods

Sixty bovine incisor roots were divided into four groups: irrigation with physiologic solution (control), 5 minutes with chlorhexidine, 1 minute with ethanol, and 5 minutes with chlorhexidine followed by 1 minute with ethanol. Fiber posts relined with resin composite were cemented with RelyX ARC (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN) and a self-etching adhesive system Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Kurashiki, Japan). Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups: 24 hours of water storage, 12 months of water storage, and 12 months of oil storage. All roots were sectioned transversely in the coronal, middle, and apical regions, producing 1-mm thick slices, and the push-out test was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and the Tukey test for post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05).

Results

Immediate groups showed similar bond strength values with or without chlorhexidine and/or ethanol pretreatment (P > .05). A significant decrease in the bond strength in the control group was observed after 12 months of storage in water and oil (P < .05). The use of chlorhexidine- and/or ethanol-preserved bond strength in the groups stored in water and oil for 12 months (P < .05).

Conclusions

Chlorhexidine and/or ethanol pretreatment were capable of preserving the bond strength of the fiber post relined with resin composite to root dentin for 12 months.     

根管口直径对纤维桩粘结后振动频率和粘接强度的影响

目的：体外实验测量不同根管口直径单根牙纤维桩粘固后的振动频率和拉伸强度,研究根管口直径对纤维桩粘结后振动频率和粘接强度的影响.方法：利用RTD纤维桩配套钻头制备不同根管口直径的试件,桩道预备后采用RelyX Unicem树脂粘结系统进行纤维桩核修复.将微型加速度传感器粘固于树脂核上,在一定外激励作用下,采集加速度变化信号,经过傅里叶转换,获得纤维桩的振动频率,采用万能试验机测试纤维桩的拉伸强度.结果：不同根管口直径组纤维桩粘接后的振动频率和粘结强度均存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）.结论：纤维桩粘结后的振动频率可以反映出根管口直径的变化,提示振动频率可以作为一项重要指标反映纤维桩的粘结性能.     

自粘接树脂水门汀在模拟根管内的硬度变化

目的比较自粘接与通用型树脂水门汀在模拟根管内固化开始后的硬度变化。方法将双重固化自粘接树脂水门汀A（RelyX Unicem）、B（BisCem）和双重固化通用型树脂水门汀C（DUOLINK）注满单端开口、以盖板封闭的半圆柱形不锈钢槽,将光固化灯紧贴开口端持续照射20 s,试件避光保存0.5 h后打开封闭盖板,测量树脂纵断面距照射光源1～10 mm间,以1 mm为间隔共10个深度的努氏显微硬度。试件继续避光保存24、120 h后,重复上述测量。对测量数据进行统计学分析。结果3种材料的硬度值随模拟根管深度的增加而降低（P<0.001）,其中A组在5 mm及以下各深度的硬度值、B和C组在4 mm及以下各深度的硬度值差异无统计学意义。各组的硬度值在固化开始后0.5 h内增长最多,24 h后硬度值达到或接近最大值。光照后120 h,除1 mm深处外,C组在各深度的硬度值均显著高于A和B组（P<0.001）。结论2种类型树脂水门汀双重固化条件下的硬度值差异有统计学意义,但随时间变化的趋势基本一致。     

Effect of chelating solutions on the microhardness of root canal lumen dentin

Introduction

The greatest reduction in microhardness of the most superficial layer of dentin of the root canal lumen is desired. The use of chelating agents during biomechanical preparation of root canals removes smear layer, increasing the access of the irrigant into the dentin tubules to allow adequate disinfection, and also reduces dentin microhardness, facilitating the action of endodontic instruments. This study evaluated the effect of different chelating solutions on the microhardness of the most superficial dentin layer from the root canal lumen.

Methods

Thirty-five recently extracted single-rooted maxillary central incisors were instrumented, and the roots were longitudinally sectioned in a mesiodistal direction to expose the entire canal extension. The specimens were distributed in seven groups according to the final irrigation: 15% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 5% malic acid, 5% acetic acid, apple vinegar, 10% sodium citrate, and control (no irrigation). A standardized volume of 50 μL of each chelating solution was used for 5 minutes. Dentin microhardness was measured with a Knoop indenter under a 10-g load and a 15-second dwell time. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple-comparison test at 5% significance level.

Results

EDTA and citric acid had the greatest overall effect, causing a sharp decrease in dentin microhardness without a significant difference (p > .05) from each other. However, both chelators differed significantly from the other solutions (p < .001). Sodium citrate and deionized water were similar to each other (p > .05) and did not affect dentin microhardness. Apple vinegar, acetic acid, and malic acid were similar to each other (p > .05) and presented intermediate results.

Conclusion

Except for sodium citrate, all tested chelating solutions reduced microhardness of the most superficial root canal dentin layer. EDTA and citric acid were the most efficient.