儿童骨嗜酸性肉芽肿

目的 提高对骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的诊断及治疗水平，减少误诊。方法回顾性分析了1997年～2001年间收治的29例骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学资料、临床资料及随访结果。行手术刮除病灶及植骨术治疗17例，仅作病灶活检术的5例，非手术治疗7例。结果29例中初诊仅9例为骨嗜酸性肉芽肿，8例为骨病变待诊人院，有12例均诊断为其它疾病。手术治疗的17例中11例痊愈，随访2～5年无复发，3例有残余低密度灶，2例有骨骼的畸形愈合，1例疗效差并已失随访；作病灶活检术的5例中3例痊愈，2例病灶仍有待观察后必要时手术治疗。非手术治疗的7例中2例治愈，4例病灶明显缩小，症状消失，1例放弃治疗。结论 儿童骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线表现多样，容易与其它病变混淆而引致误诊或漏诊，X线平片是发现骨破坏病灶和随访嗜酸性肉芽肿的首选和主要的检查方法，强调与临床、病理结合才能提高本病的诊断准确率。治疗上以手术刮除病灶及植骨为佳，在作活检术时尽可能刮除所有病变组织，避免二次手术。     

经髂腹股沟入路髋臼周围截骨术(Ganz手术)治疗年长儿髋臼发育不良

目的 介绍经髂腹股沟入路髋臼周围截骨术(Ganz手术)治疗年长儿髋臼发育不良的临床经验.方法 回顾2001年10月至2006年4月10例13髋髋臼发育不良患儿的临床资料,介绍经髂腹股沟入路髋臼周围截骨术的手术技术和应用要点.结果 随访时间平均31个月.术后3个月截骨全部骨性愈合.术后症状明显改善,髋关节活动度同手术前水平.臼顶倾斜角平均改善25°,髋臼角平均改善27°,中心边缘角平均改善32°,臼头指数平均增加41%.结论 此术式显露充分,直视下截骨安全准确,矫正效果可靠.适用于髋臼Y形软骨闭合的年长儿童的髋臼发育不良.手术创伤大,术中、术后管理要求高.     

弹性钢针加混合植骨治疗儿童骨囊肿28例

目的探讨采用弹性钢针加混合植骨治疗儿童骨囊肿的临床疗效。方法2005～2007年作者采用弹性钢针加混合植骨治疗儿童骨囊肿28例，其中病变部位位于肱骨近端16例，股骨近端10例，胫骨2例。全部病例均获随访，随诊时间1～4年。结果囊腔完全愈合23例，占82％；基本愈合5例，占18％；无一例复发。结论弹性钢针加混合植骨治疗儿童骨囊肿疗效显著，可作临床推广。     

儿童骨嗜酸细胞性肉芽肿的诊断与治疗

目的对我院22例儿童骨嗜酸细胞性肉芽肿的临床资料进行分析,讨论其临床病理特点及影像学改变,探讨其治疗方法。方法收集2000年以来我院22例骨嗜酸细胞性肉芽肿病例,结合文献对其临床表现、诊断、治疗等进行总结分析。结果22例临床诊断为骨嗜酸细胞性肉芽肿,15例经病理证实,予手术刮除病灶或病灶加植骨治疗;7例采取非手术治疗,全部病例随访2个月～3年,其中2例合并韩-薛-柯病的患儿检查化疗,2例手术病人于2年后复发,予再次手术治疗,其余病例复查X光片病灶愈合良好。结论骨嗜酸细胞性肉芽肿多见于儿童与青少年,以骨质破坏、组织细胞增生和嗜酸性细胞浸润为主要病理特点,临床症状不典型,X线片是主要诊断方法,CT和MRI对其诊断帮助不大,治疗上应依据病灶情况选择相应的治疗方案。     

发育性髋脱位术后再脱位原因探讨

目的 探讨发育性髋脱位(DDH)手术治疗后再脱位原因和预防措施,提高DDH手术治疗效果.方法 对我院2007年3月至2016年1月收治的41例经过手术治疗后发生再脱位DDH患儿的术式、X线片资料和翻修手术中的发现进行回顾性总结,X线片资料用统计学进行分析.结果 发生再脱位的术式:Salter骨盆截骨术12例,Pemberton骨盆截骨术26例,骨盆联合截骨术3例,股骨粗隆下旋转截骨31例.术后应用下肢关节康复器(CPM)行功能训练开始时间:术后两周6例(2～2.5岁)、术后3～4周11例(大于3岁).翻修手术前髋臼指数25°～27°15例、28°～32°26例,股骨颈前倾角55°～75°41例,颈干角大于150°16例,髋臼缺损11例.翻修手术中发现髋臼前缘缺损6例,后缘缺损6例,髋臼浅短21例,髋臼后外缘缺损8例.股骨头嵌于外侧5例,髂胫束紧张35例,髂腰肌腱紧张25例,髋关节囊在假臼后上部19例,关节囊后缘向内腔突出15例,髋臼横韧带紧张15例,髋臼内有瘢痕组织充填41例.翻修手术行髂胫束松解35例,髂腰肌腱松解25例,髋臼横韧带切断15例,髋臼内瘢痕组织刮除41例,髋关节囊假臼部剥离19例.骨盆联合截骨术35例,Pem-berton骨盆截骨术6例.髋臼后缘植骨6例,髋臼后外缘植骨8例,股骨粗隆下旋转截骨纠正前倾角41例.翻修手术后髋臼指数小于20°～25°37例、26°～28°4例,股骨颈前倾角15°～25°38例、30°～35°3例.经6个月至7年的随访,发生再脱位后缘缺损1例,股骨颈前倾角35°1例),髋关节功能活动小于90°4例,股骨头缺血性坏死表现9例,双下肢不等长4例(后期行患肢胫骨延长2例,股骨延长2例).结论 DDH手术治疗后再脱位可能原因:①髋臼缘缺损和股骨颈前倾角和颈干角过大使髋关节不稳定,病理性组织阻碍复位;②术后髋关节固定不当及过早活动髋关节.再脱位预防措施:①根据患儿年龄、术前影像学资料和术中复测情况选择合适的术式和注重手术细节,修补髋臼缘缺陷和纠正股骨颈前倾角和颈干角,充分处理关节囊及周围组织的继发病变;②骨盆联合截骨髋臼旋转和植骨修补髋臼缘缺损增加对股骨头的复盖,以及术后正确和适当固定时间.     

在Pemberton手术中冻干同种皮质骨环的应用

Ｐｅｍｂｅｒｔｏｎ手术是通过骨盆不全截骨、远端翻转来矫正先天性髋脱位患儿髋臼的异常指向和降低髋臼指数 ,因此维持术中远端翻转变位的植骨块质和量十分重要 ,年龄 2～ 3岁的患儿和再次手术的患儿取自体髂骨植骨质和量均存在着不足。对此我们应用冻干同种皮质骨环 +自体髂骨植入取得满意的效果 ,现报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料　本组 16例 ,男 4例 ,女 12例。左侧 10例 ,右侧 4例 ,双侧 2例 ,共 18髋。年龄 2～ 5岁 ,平均 3岁 2个月。再次手术 2例。2 .手术方法　按Ｐｅｍｂｅｒｔｏｎ手术原则作关节囊周围弧形向“Ｙ”形软骨截骨、远…     

孤立性骨囊肿26例

作者对26例孤立性骨囊肿作了回顾分析.结果显示，16例囊腔封闭，6例残余小缺损，4例复发.认为术前正确诊断、术中彻底刮除囊壁组织、石炭酸烧灼和植骨充埴紧密是保证手术成功的关键.     

髋臼周围截骨治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位

目的探讨大龄儿童先天性髋脱位的手术方法及疗效。方法采用髋臼周围不全旋转截骨术治疗大龄儿童先天髋脱位8例9髋关节,并进行随访观察。结果全部病例得到随访,关节位置同心圆复位良好,无脱位及半脱位发生,关节功能恢复良好。结论髋臼周围不全旋转截骨术是治疗大龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位较理想的方法。     

儿童长骨骨巨细胞瘤的手术效果评价

目的通过对不同手术方式治疗儿童长骨骨巨细胞瘤(GCTB)的疗效分析,评价不同手术方式的疗效。方法分析1990年12月~2004年12月本院15例儿童长骨GCTB患者的术后疗效。根据Ennek ing外科分期系统分期:Ⅰ(Ⅰa、Ⅰb)期采用肿瘤刮除、氯化锌烧灼残腔、过氧化氢浸泡后异体植骨及病灶刮除后骨水泥填充的治疗方法;Ⅱb期采用瘤段切除大段异体骨移植重建,术后定期随访。结果术后随访2~16年,平均7年。Ⅰ期13例。其中9例GCTB采用病灶刮除,氯化锌烧灼残腔、过氧化氢浸泡后异体植骨的方法进行治疗,无1例复发,肢体无畸形;另4例采取病灶刮除后骨水泥填充,2例复发;Ⅱb期2例采用瘤段切除大段异体骨移植重建愈合良好,无塌陷及骨折,但患肢平均短缩2 cm,无移植排斥,无1例复发。结论Ⅰ(Ⅰa、Ⅰb)期GCTB,病灶刮除、氯化锌烧灼、过氧化氢浸泡后异体植骨可达满意效果,而单纯行病灶刮除后骨水泥填充效果不佳。Ⅱb期GCTB行瘤段切除虽肿瘤无复发,但会对儿童肢体发育产生影响。     

儿童骨关节疾病影像学诊断第7讲儿童骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像学诊断(二)

(接本卷第6期478页)儿童常见的良性骨肿瘤有骨软骨瘤、内生软骨瘤、软骨母细胞瘤和骨样骨瘤等,恶性骨肿瘤有骨肉瘤、尤文瘤、白血病骨侵犯和转移瘤等,骨肿瘤样病变有骨囊肿、嗜酸性肉芽肿、纤维性骨皮质缺损和骨纤维异常增殖症等。本文将对其逐一概要介绍。1良性骨肿瘤的影像学表现1.1骨软骨瘤是最常见的良性骨肿瘤,多见于11~20岁。好发于长骨,以膝关节周围骨干骺端最常见。临床上多因局部发现硬性包块而就诊。病理上由骨性基底、软骨帽和表面覆盖的纤维包膜构成。病变以单发多见;多发与遗传因素有关。多发病变可引起骨干骺端发育畸形,且多…     

小切口植骨加外固定支架治疗儿童胫骨骨折骨不连

目的探讨以小切口植骨配合双边外固定支架治疗儿童胫骨骨折后骨不连的可行性及优点。方法1999年1月-2004年1月治疗儿童胫骨骨折后骨不连28例，全部采用小切口植骨加外固定支架治疗。结果全部病例骨折愈合，未出现排斥反应和骨感染，平均需4．6个月拆除支架及内固定。结论小切口植骨加外固定支架治疗儿童胫骨骨折后骨不连是一种有效和安全的方法。     

Eosinophilic granuloma of the head and neck: CT and MRI features in three cases

We report the radiological findings and more specifically the MRI features in three typical cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the head and neck. All three cases were of solitary eosinophilic granuloma of bone: two mandibular and one temporal bone lesion. Reports on the MRI features of head and neck eosinophilic granulomas are rare.     

Eosinophilic granuloma of the skull: a retrospective analysis

BACKGROUND: The authors describe 9 cases of children with eosinophilic granuloma (EG) of the skull and report on their clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis. METHOD: Nine consecutive patients were diagnosed as EG of the skull and confirmed pathologically between 1996 and 2005. In the present study, multi- and single-system Langerhans' cell histiocytosis without skull involvement were excluded. Patients with EG of the skull were divided into two groups: (1) those with only a single bone lesion and those with (2) multiple bone lesions. Surgical removal was performed between 2 and 10 years of age (mean, 4.2 years). RESULTS: Eight (88.9%) of the study subjects were found to have a single bone lesion at diagnosis, and 1 had multiple bone lesions. Seven patients had a painless skull mass and 2 patients had a painful skull mass. Total removal was performed in all 9 patients. Eight patients received postoperative chemotherapy or indomethacin as adjuvant therapy. Of the 8 patients who received adjuvant therapy, 4 were treated with indomethacin and the remaining 4 received methotrexate-based chemotherapy. Eight patients did not experience EG recurrence, however, 1 patient developed additional lesions 2 years after surgical excision. CONCLUSIONS: EG of the skull is a clinicopathological entity with a good outcome. However, therapies and prognoses are dependent on age at diagnosis and the number of bony involvements.     

儿童四肢长骨病理性骨折手术治疗60例

目的 总结儿童四肢长骨病理性骨折的手术治疗经验,探讨提高临床诊断和治疗水平的方法.方法 2005年1月至2010年3月作者收治长骨病理性骨折患儿74例,其中60例采用手术治疗,在确诊原发疾病的同时,给予病灶彻底清除及植骨,并对骨折进行一期内固定处理.患儿出现患肢疼痛等症状的时间为1 d至2年,出现病理性骨折的时间为2 ...     

改良Colonna手术后髋臼发育的远期变化

目的观察改良Colonna手术后髋臼发育的远期变化。方法对比120例术后5年以上的双髋X光片和随机选择的与随访时年龄相近的120例正常的双髋正位X光片,仔细测量髋臼指数、CE角、臼头指数和髋臼深度,对单侧者还进行双侧对比测量。结果改良Colonna手术组髋臼的各项指标与正常组对比,差异无显著意义。球窝形髋臼占72．67％,无骨盆变形,无髋臼囊变。结论改良Colonna手术不会影响髋臼的生长发育,促进髋臼发育的关键是股骨头的同心圆复位及股骨头的形态。     

先天性锁骨假关节的诊断与治疗——6例报道及文献复习

目的探讨临床上诊断与治疗先天性锁骨假关节的方法。方法回顾性分析2004～2012年我们收治的6例（6侧）先天性锁骨假关节患儿临床资料,其中男2例,女4例;年龄4—7．5岁,平均5．3岁,5例为右侧发病,1例为左侧发病合并右位心;1例术前有患侧上肢上举痛及活动范围受限（较对侧减少20°）,5例为初次手术病例,1例为二次手术病例。6例（6侧）均采用假关节切除、自体髂骨植骨重建、钢板内固定术治疗。结果6例患儿均获随访,随访时间6～63个月。患儿肩部外观及症状均明显改善,影像学检查均显示骨性愈合,愈合时间为2．5～5个月,平均3．5个月。结论假关节切除、自体髂骨植骨及重建、钢板内固定术治疗先天性锁骨假关节临床疗效满意。     

Visual diagnosis: an 11-year-old girl who has left leg pain

Unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) in children usually are asymptomatic. Most UBCs are discovered when a radiograph is performed on a child who has had accidental trauma to a limb. Symptomatic cysts typically present with pain, often the result of pathologic fracture through a large cyst or occult stress fracture within the thinned cortex around the cyst. Simple radiography is the best method for detecting such cysts, which typically are located within the long bone (femur, tibia, fibula, humerus), but can appear elsewhere. Cysts typically appear in the proximal metaphysis, but some involve the epiphysis and growth plate, thereby affecting bone growth. If clinically necessary to confirm the diagnosis, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can delineate the cyst better or demonstrate an occult fracture. For the asymptomatic UBC, close follow-up is the recommended course of action. However, surgical intervention by corticosteroid or autogenous bone marrow injection or open curettage with bone grafting is recommended if the cyst is symptomatic, carries an increased risk for pathologic fracture (weight-bearing bone or dominant arm of a throwing athlete), or shows signs of an impending pathologic fracture. Clinical and radiographic follow-up is recommended after surgical intervention, because UBC recurrence after initial surgery is reported to occur in 18% to 88% of patients.     

Soft tissue signal abnormality associated with eosinophilic granuloma

Six patients with eosinophilic granuloma were studied retrospectively in order to correlate the MRI appearances with the pathology. Ages ranged from 2 years 6 months to 11 years. The bones involved were the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, clavicle and ilium. Plain films, MRI and pathology specimens were obtained. A lytic lesion with indistinct margins, endosteal erosions and periosteal reaction was seen in all cases on plain radiographs. Bone marrow signal was decreased on T1-weighted images and increased on T2-weighted images throughout the bony lesion in all cases. T2-weighted images showed extensive soft-tissue abnormalities suggesting inflammatory changes in four cases. In two cases abnormalities were limited. Extensive changes correlated histologically with an early phase lesion. Localized minor changes were associated with a mid-phase lesion. Inflammatory soft-tissue changes could be associated with eosinophilic granuloma. The size of the soft tissue mass correlated well with the activity of the bony lesion.