Norplant皮下埋植后子宫内膜形态和雌,孕激素受体含 …

目的 探讨Ｎｏｒｐｌａｎｔ皮下埋植后子宫内膜形态和雌、孕激素受体（ＥＲ、ＰＲ）含量的变化与子宫异常出血的关系。方法 应用免疫组化、Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ Ｂｌｏｔ和原位杂交技术结合计算机图像分析，观察１６例Ｎｏｒｐｌａｎｔ皮下埋植后和２３例正常周期的内膜的形态学改变、细胞增殖状态及ＥＲ、ＰＲ蛋白及其ｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果 埋植Ｎｏｒｐｌａｎｔ后，内膜ＤＮＡ含量降低；螺旋动脉数量减少，腺体的构成比例降低；腺体     

皮下埋植左旋18甲基炔诺酮对鼠子宫与卵巢雌,孕激素受体的影响

目的：观察皮下埋植左旋１８甲基炔诺酮（ＬＮＧ）对ＳＤ鼠子宫内膜与卵巢组织雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）含量的影响。方法：对４５只雌性、性成熟ＳＤ鼠分别行皮下埋植ＬＮＧ和普通硅胶管手术，于埋植后第１５天、３０天、４５天取ＳＤ鼠子宫内膜与卵巢组织采用饱和浓度单点法进行ＥＲ、ＰＲ含量测定，并与未埋植的同期ＳＤ鼠进行对照。结果：埋植ＬＮＧ后的ＳＤ鼠子宫内膜与卵巢组织ＥＲ、ＰＲ测定值，较同期对照组明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），并随皮埋时间延长而逐渐降低。结论：皮下埋植ＬＮＧ可减少ＳＤ鼠子宫内膜与卵巢组织ＥＲ、ＰＲ含量，并与其避孕机理及术后突破性出血有关。     

子宫肌瘤与肌肉组织雌孕激素受体含量与月经周期及子 …

应用放射受体分析法测定４０例子宫肌瘤患者子宫肌瘤、肌肉组织雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）的含量，月经周期根据月经史经子宫内膜组织相来判断，比较两种组织ＥＲ、ＰＲ含量与月经周期及子宫内膜组织相的关系。结果：子宫肌瘤组织的ＥＲ、ＰＲ含量高于同一子宫正常肌层的含量（Ｐ〈０．０５）；子宫肌瘤与肌肉两种组织中ＥＲ含量在子宫内膜增殖期高于分泌期（Ｐ〈０．０２５，Ｐ〈０．０５），ＰＲ含量分泌期高于增殖期     

多囊卵巢综合征患者子宫内膜病理改变及雌,孕激素受体测定

目的观察多囊卵巢卵巢综合征（ＰＣＯＳ）患者子宫内膜病理改变及雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）改变。方法对３９例ＰＣＯＳ患者进行子宫内膜病理检查,采用免疫组化方法测定子宫内膜ＥＲ及ＰＲ,并以正常妇女作为对照。结果３４例（８７．２％）ＰＣＯＳ患者子宫内膜呈无排卵型,内膜增殖症发生率为５１．３％（２０／３９）,内膜腺体发育不同步为３５．９％（１４／３９）,内膜间质反应不良为４６．２％（１８／３９）。ＰＣＯＳ患者子宫内膜增殖期ＥＲ、ＰＲ较正常妇女增多（Ｐ＜０．０５）,内膜增殖症者间质ＰＲ减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）且分布不均匀。结论ＰＣＯＳ患者子宫内膜的病理改变和局部ＥＲ、ＰＲ减少或缺乏,可能是不孕的原因之一。     

重复性早期流产患者雌、孕激素及其受体研究

本文采用定量的生化法测定重复性早期流产患者子宫内膜组织中雌、孕激素受体（ＥＲ、ＰＲ）含量．并结合血清激素水平和子宫内膜病理学变化，探讨了ＥＲ、ＰＲ含量，子宫内膜发育和血清激素水平三者之间的关系。我们发现，重复性早期流产患者黄体期的雌激素水平明显低于对照组，而增生或子宫内膜ＥＲ和分泌期ＰＲ含量明显低于对照组。重复性早期流产患者蜕膜组织中的ＰＲ也明显减低，ＰＲ的分布也异常。由于子宫内膜的ＥＲ、ＰＲ减少所致的重复性流产在本组资料中占４０％。本研究进一步明确了重复性流产的病因，可用以指导临床治疗。     

黄体功能缺陷与子宫内膜效应不良患者的内分泌特征

目的：分析比较黄体功能缺陷（ＬＰＤ）和子宫内膜效应不良（ＩＥＲ）患者的内分泌特征。方法：采用放射免疫法和放射性配体饱和竞争、葡聚糖活性碳吸附分析法，测定ＬＰＤ、ＩＥＲ患者和月经周期正常者（对照组）的血清激素水平及同一月经周期子宫内膜组织中的雌、孕激素受体含量。结果：ＬＰＤ患者黄体期的雌、孕激素水平显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），其子宫内膜雌、孕激素受体含量在整个月经周期中与对照组无差异（Ｐ＞０．１）；而ＩＥＲ患者整个月经周期的血清雌激素水平均低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），但黄体期的血清孕激素水平与对照组无差异（Ｐ＞０．１），子宫内膜增生期的胞浆雌激素受体、胞核孕激素受体和整个月经周期的胞浆孕激素受体含量亦显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＬＰＤ和ＩＥＲ是内分泌特征根本不同的两种情况，ＬＰＤ主要表现为黄体细胞分泌雌、孕激素功能下降，子宫内膜相应受体含量正常；ＩＥＲ则为整个周期的雌激素水平降低及相应受体合成障碍，而黄体分泌孕激素的功能正常。     

子宫肌瘤与肌肉组织雌孕激素受体含量与月经周期及子宫内膜组织相关系的探讨

应用放射受体分析法测定４０例子宫肌瘤患者子宫肌瘤、肌肉组织雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）的含量，月经周期根据月经史及子宫内膜组织相来判断，比较两种组织ＥＲ、ＰＲ含量与月经周期及子宫内膜组织相的关系。结果：子宫肌瘤组织的ＥＲ、ＰＲ含量高于同一子宫正常肌层的含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）；子宫肌瘤与肌肉两种组织中ＥＲ含量在子宫内膜增殖期高于分泌期（Ｐ＜０．０２５，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＰＲ含量分泌期高于增殖期（Ｐ＜０．０２５）。２３例有正常月经周期者，１５例与子宫内膜组织相符合，８例与子宫内膜组织相不符合。１５例无正常月经周期者，子宫内膜组织相多为增殖期改变，占８０％。提示：子宫肌瘤的发生、发展与雌、孕激素及其受体含量有关，孕激素在肿瘤发生、发展中可能起协同作用，提示抗孕激素治疗子宫肌瘤的可能性。     

表皮生长因子受体在子宫内膜、早孕蜕膜及滋养细胞中的表达

目的了解表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）在子宫内膜细胞分化及发育中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学及逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）技术测定５８例正常子宫内膜（３２例增生期,２６例分泌期）与２６例早孕蜕膜。结果ＥＧＦＲ存在于正常子宫内膜、早孕蜕膜腺体及间质细胞的细胞膜、核膜及胞浆内,分布均匀。ＥＧＦＲ还位于早孕蜕膜腺体及间质细胞核内。正常子宫内膜ＥＧＦＲ的表达,腺体部分高于间质部分（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＥＧＦＲ在增生期及分泌期子宫内膜腺体的表达差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但ＥＧＦＲ在早孕蜕膜组织中的表达明显高于增生期及分泌期（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＥＧＦＲ在间质细胞的表达,早孕蜕膜高于分泌期内膜,而增生期内膜则表达最低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＥＧＦＲｍＲＮＡ的表达从弱到强依次为增生期、分泌期、蜕膜、滋养细胞,增生期与分泌期比较,差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）,早孕蜕膜较分泌期及增生期明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,滋养细胞ＥＧＦＲｍＲＮＡ的表达明显高于增生期、分泌期及早孕蜕膜（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＥＧＦＲ存在于各期子宫内膜中,其表达在正常月经周期中无明显变化,但在早孕蜕膜、滋养细胞中的表达明显高于增生期及分泌期内膜     

子宫内膜异位症患者内膜雌,孕激素受体测定及口服棉酚后的变化

采用葡聚糖活性碳吸附法，对２７例正常生育妇女（对照组）及２４例子宫内膜异位症患者（Ｅｍ组），测定了宫腔内膜雌激素胞浆受体（ＥＲｃ）、孕激素胞浆受体（ＰＲｃ）浓度。并测定Ｅｍ组中１５例口服醋酸棉酚２个月后，月经周期同日测定ＥＲｃ及ＰＲｃ浓度；同时对１６例手术切除的子宫、附件标本的原位内膜与异位内膜的ＥＲｃ、ＰＲｃ浓度进行比较。结果：对照组子宫内膜ＥＲｃ、ＰＲｃ浓度呈周期性变化，以卵泡晚期最高，黄体中期显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），黄体晚期进一步降低。Ｅｍ组原位内膜ＥＲｃ、ＰＲｃ浓度及周期性波动与对照组无差异，但异位内膜ＥＲｃ、ＰＲｃ浓度显著低于原位内膜（Ｐ各＝０．００３６及＜０．０００１），且失去周期性变化。口服棉酚２个月后血清雌二醇、孕酮浓度无显著下降，４例（２６．７％）患者子宫内膜组织相显示腺体分泌减少，但原位内膜ＥＲｃ、ＰＲｃ浓度却已显著降低（Ｐ＝０．０２１７及０．０１）。本研究提示：异位内膜与原位内膜对内源性性激素反应的不同步现象与异位内膜雌、孕激素受体浓度低下有关；棉酚对原位内膜ＥＲｃ、ＰＲｃ浓度的早期抑制现象，并不依赖于对卵巢功能的抑制作用，这一作用途径应对异位内膜同样有效。     

表皮生长因子受体在子宫腺肌病中的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）在子宫腺肌病中的组织定位和表达；探讨ＥＧＦＲ表达与子宫腺肌病发生的关系，寻求经调控ＥＧＦ／ＥＧＦＲ治疗子宫腺疾病的新途径。方法：应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法检测子宫内膜组织１０份和子宫腺肌病组织３０份标本的ＥＧＦＲ定位和表达以及月经周期中内膜组织的ＥＧＦＲ表达强度变化。结果：正常子宫内膜和子宫腺肌病病灶均存在ＥＧＦＲ表达；ＥＧＦＲ位于内膜腺上皮和间质及平滑肌细胞上；表达强度：腺体＞间质＞平滑肌；子宫内膜＞异位内膜，但无统计学差异；ＥＧＦＲ表达无周期性变化，异位内膜侵入程度与临床症状有相关性。结论：正常子宫内膜和子宫腺肌病异位内膜存在ＥＧＦＲ共同表达；提示两者具有组织同源性；异位内膜中ＥＧＦＲ表达可能与子宫腺肌病发生机制有关。经降调节ＥＧＦ／ＥＧＦＲ表达可望成为治疗子宫腺肌病的新途径。     

子宫内膜层粘连蛋白与Norplant致子宫异常出血的相关性研究

目的 探讨层粘连蛋白（ＬＮ）与Ｎｏｒｐｌａｎｔ致子宫不规则出血的关系。方法 对正常增殖期妇女子宫内膜（６例）和埋植Ｎｏｒｌｐａｎｔ半年、１年及２年以上月经规律及有子宫不规则出血妇女（各６例,共３６例）的子宫内膜进行组织学观察,并用显微分光光度计对用免疫组织化学方法显示的子宫内膜ＬＮ进行定量分析。结果 使用Ｎｏｒｌｐａｎｔ妇女的子宫内膜,（１）均无典型的周期特点,腺体明显减少,有腺体发育不同步现象;     

月经周期中子宫内膜内皮素及其受体的研究

评价内皮素在内膜生殖生理中的作用,方法利用免疫组织化学和分子原位杂交交结合计算机辅助图象分析技术,检测２３例因良性疾病而行子宫切除术的子宫内膜ＥＴ肽、ＥＴ受体及其两种亚型（ＥＴａＲ、ＥＴｂＲ）的ｍＲＮＡ表达定位、周期性变化。结果在整个月经周期中子宫内膜ＥＴ肽和ＥＴｍＲＮＡ表达有明显的周期性变化,分泌期表达强于增殖期,分泌晚期腺上皮表达最高。基质表达弱于腺上皮,并无明显的周期性变化。ＥＴａＲ和ＥＴｂ     

Abnormal expression of estrogen receptor is associated with thin endometrium

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the association of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions with thin endometrium. Patients with endometrial thickness of less than 7?mm were classified as the study group, while the control group was comprised of patients with endometrial thickness of 7 to 14?mm. The expressions of ER and PR were detected with semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis, and the differences were compared between the two groups. The expression of ER was significantly decreased (p?<?.05) in the stromal cells of thin endometrium during both proliferative and secretory phases as compared to those of normal endometrium. Likewise, ER expression was found to be lower in the glandular cells of thin endometrium than those of normal endometrium during proliferative phase. However, no significant differences were observed for the expression of PR in both glandular and stromal cells between the two groups. Thin endometrium was associated with reduced expression of ER in stromal cells both during proliferative and secretory phase, but in glandular epithelial cells only during proliferative phase.     

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adenomyosis and autologous endometrium

OBJECTIVE: Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been related to macrophage recruitment and activation and has been identified in the human endometrium. We determined whether adenomyosis expresses GM-CSF, and if present, compared GM-CSF protein expression in adenomyosis with that in autologous endometrium. METHODS: We examined ectopic and eutopic endometrium from 16 premenopausal women who had hysterectomies for abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, or uterine prolapse. Serial sections of premenopausal uteri containing endometrium and adenomyosis were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for GM-CSF ligand and receptor and CD68 macrophages. We analyzed the intensity of staining for GM-CSF ligand and receptor and macrophages in the glandular epithelium and stroma of adenomyosis and autologous endometrium. RESULTS: The GM-CSF ligand localized primarily in the glandular epithelium and myometrium with only light stromal staining. Staining for GM-CSF ligand was significantly higher in adenomyotic glands compared with autologous endometrial glands (P = .002), especially during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. There were no statistical differences in the amount and intensity of staining of the GM-CSF receptor in adenomyosis and autologous endometrium. Adenomyotic tissue contained significantly more macrophages than matched autologous endometrium (P = .0004). CONCLUSIONS: Adenomyotic glandular epithelium had greater expression of the GM-CSF ligand compared with autologous endometrium from premenopausal women, which indicates that GM-CSF may play a role in increasing the levels of activated macrophages in women with adenomyosis.     

Estrogen receptor localization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrium and endometriotic tissues

Monoclonal estrogen receptor (ER) antibody and indirect immunoperoxidase techniques were used to study the immunohistochemical localization of ER in paraffin sections of 20 surgical specimens containing foci of endometriosis. The eutopic endometrium, available in 16 of 20 cases, was dated histologically and stained for ER. Specific nuclear staining was observed in glandular and stromal cells of the endometrium during the proliferative and early secretory phases. Mid and late secretory phase endometria showed only focal staining. Dating of the endometriotic tissues using morphologic criteria revealed that these were in phase with the endometrium in nine of 16 cases. In these cases the ER staining of both the endometriotic tissues and endometrium was similar. The endometriotic tissues could not be dated as either proliferative or secretory in seven cases and stained variably for ER. Diffuse nuclear staining for ER was present in the endometriotic glands of three of these cases in which the endometriotic glands morphologically resembled glands of the basalis contrasting with weak, focal staining in the corresponding eutopic secretory endometria. The majority of endometriotic tissues examined mimicked the cyclic ER expression of the eutopic endometrium and thus appeared to correspond to the morphologic appearance of the endometriotic glands. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal estrophilin antibodies may be helpful in supporting the histopathologic diagnosis of endometriosis.     

子宫内膜癌组织中雌激素及孕激素受体亚型的表达研究

目的探讨子宫内膜癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)亚型mRNA及孕激素受体(PR)亚型mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化及其意义。方法采用RT-PCR法检测66例子宫内膜癌和30例正常子宫内膜组织ER、PR亚型mRNA的表达,采用蛋白印迹法检测PR亚型蛋白的表达。结果(1)ERαmRNA在子宫内膜癌和正常子宫内膜组织中的表达水平分别是8.00±7.77、3.84±2.57,而ERβmRNA的表达水平分别是4.15±3.55、0.41±0.29,子宫内膜癌组织中ERα、ERβmRNA表达水平均高于正常子宫内膜,两种组织间分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)PR、PRA和PRB蛋白表达及PR mRNA表达的降低与子宫内膜癌的发生有关(P<0.05),而PRA与PRB蛋白表达的比值和PRB mRNA的表达与子宫内膜癌的发生无明显相关性(P值分别为0.550、0.901)。(3)子宫内膜癌组织中PRB mRNA与ERβmRNA的表达水平呈正相关关系(r=0.43,P<0.01)。结论子宫内膜癌组织中ER亚型mRNA表达上调、PR蛋白和mRNA表达的下调可能参与了子宫内膜癌的发生;PRB mRNA与ERβmRNA表达呈正相关关系。     

The role of c-jun protein in proliferation and apoptosis of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle

Proliferation and apoptosis of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle were evaluated. Sections from 30 premenopausal women were examined using antibodies of c-jun protein, c-fos protein, estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ER-alpha and ER-beta), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki-67. Apoptotic cells were identified using a modified terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. The cyclic changes of c-jun protein, c-fos protein, ER-alpha, PR, and Ki-67 were shown in glandular epithelial cells. Although the stromal expression of ER-alpha decreased during the secretory phase, a high stromal expression of c-jun protein and PR was still observed during the late secretory phase. The expression of ER-beta appeared lower as compared with that of ER-alpha, without a cyclic change. The apoptotic index was significantly elevated in the glandular epithelial cells of the late secretory phase, whereas a few apoptotic cells were detected in the stromal cells at any stage of the cycle. The cyclic change of c-jun protein probably plays an important role in proliferation and apoptosis of glandular epithelial cells. The persistent stromal expression of c-jun protein and PR is thus considered to prevent stromal cells from entering into apoptosis during the late secretory phase.     

Analysis of estrogen- and progesterone-receptor expression in endometrial polyps

Study objectiveTo investigate the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in the glandular epithelium and stroma of endometrial polyps in women who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy.DesignProspective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3.SettingHospital de Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo “Francisco Morato de Oliveira.”PatientsForty-eight patients with a solitary endometrial polyp who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy and resection of an endometrial fragment.InterventionThe estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, in the polyp, was compared with the endometrial hormone expression of the same patients.Measurements and main resultsThe specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of staining cells was determined as follows: grade I, 0% to 25%; grade II, 26% to 50%; grade III, 51% to 75%; and grade IV, 76% to 100% of stained nuclei. The intensity of nuclear staining was classified as grade I, absent; grade II, weak; grade III, strong; and grade IV, very strong staining. The sum of both grades was the histochemical score. The total scores of polyp and endometrium were statistically compared. The total scores of ER of glandular epithelium were 258 in polyp and 211 in endometrium. As to stroma, it was 155 in polyp and 163 in endometrium. The total scores of PR of glandular epithelium were 286 in polyp and 211 in endometrium. As to stroma, the totals were 76 in polyp and 77 in endometrium. In immunohistochemistry, the concentrations of both ER and PR in glandular epithelium were significantly higher in endometrial polyp than in normal endometrium. The concentrations of ER and PR in the stroma were similar in the polyp and endometrium. The concentrations of these receptors in the glandular epithelium and stroma were similar in postmenopausal and premenopausal patients.ConclusionThe concentrations of ER and PR in glandular epithelium were significantly higher in endometrial polyp than in normal endometrium. The concentrations of these receptors in the glandular epithelium and stroma were similar in the postmenopausal and pre-menopausal patients.