5家采石场粉尘作业人员防尘意识调查

71.3%;不佩戴防护用品的主要原因是"没必要"和"不舒服",分别占45.7%和55.6%.结论 被调查采石场粉尘作业工人对粉尘危害性有普遍认识,树立了防尘观念,大多数坚持佩戴防护用品.但是,其对于相关法律法规、粉尘危害具体问题、佩戴防护用品的重要性认识不足,获得防尘知识途径比较单一.     

Pulmonary effects of organic dust]

Résumé Lors de travaux expérimentaux, on a évalué la toxicité d'extraits aqueux de poussières avec une méthode de couplage de leucocytes dans les voies aériennes.Une grande augmentation du nombre des leucocytes est provoquée par les poussières de coton et de foin, cette augmentation est proportionnelle à la contamination bactériologique des poussières. En étudiant différentes souches de bactéries produisant de l'endotoxine, on a remarqué un plus grand effet. Les implications de ces résultats dans le développement des maladies pulmonaires sont discutées.

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Pulmonary effects of organic dusts

Summary The pulmonary toxicity of water extracts from different organic dusts was assessed using the leucocyte recruitment test.A large increase in the number of leucocytes was caused by cotton and hay. The extent of the increase was correlated to the presence of bacteria in the dust. When different bacterial species were studied endotoxin-producing strains were found to cause the largest effect.The implications for the development of pulmonary disease are discussed.

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Pulmonale Auswirkungen organischer Stoffe

Zusammenfassung Wasserextrakte von verschiedenen Stäuben wurden in bezug auf ihre Lungengiftigkeit geprüft, wobei eine Methode angewandt wurde, welche die Anzahl von freien Leukozyten in den Atemwegen bestimmt.Eine starke Erhöhung der Leukozytenzahl wurde bei Baumwoll-und Heupräparaten gefunden. Sie war mit der Anzahl Bakterien in den Präparaten korreliert. Bei Vergleich verschiedener Arten von Bakterien ist der stärkste toxische Effekt bei den Endoxin produzierenden Bakterien zu finden. Die Implikationen dieses Befundes für die Entwicklung der Lungenkrankheiten werden diskutiert.

     

Composition and possible sources of anionic surfactants from urban and semi-urban street dust

This study was carried out to determine the distribution of anionic surfactants in street dust samples from urban and semi-urban areas of Malaysia. The dust was collected from streets experiencing heavy traffic in both Kuala Lumpur, an urban location, and Bangi, a semi-urban location. The samples were separated into three particle size fractions (μm) using a laboratory test sieve, namely: fraction A (125 > X ≥ 63), fraction B (63 > X ≥ 45) and fraction C (X < 45). Anionic surfactants as Methylene Blue Active Substance (MBAS) were determined by the Colorimetric Method using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Results indicated that anionic surfactants (MBAS) from fraction C showed the highest concentration (Kuala Lumpur 0.53 ± 0.04 μmolg^?1 and Bangi 0.49 ± 0.03 μmolg^?1), followed by larger particles (fractions B and A). The cations detected followed the trend of Ca²⁺ > K⁺ > Na⁺ > NH₄ ^? > Mg²⁺, whereas for anions, the trend was SO₄ ^2? > Cl^? > NO₃ ^? > F^?, respectively. Results from principal component analysis and the multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) of ionic compositions, clearly revealed that surfactants from the street dust at both sampling stations were primarily derived from anthropogenic sources. Examples of these sources include construction/industrial activity and vehicular emissions/biomass burning.     

某市企业矽尘总粉尘与呼吸性粉尘浓度关系分析

目的 了解矽尘总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘的危害程度及其相关关系,为确定粉尘治理、评价治理效果提供依据。 方法 对中山市存在矽尘危害企业的矽尘总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度进行检测和分析。 结果 共采集矽尘总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘有效数据58对,总粉尘的超标率与呼吸性粉尘的超标率分别为77.5%和68.9%,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.155,P>0.05)。总粉尘和呼尘浓度比值(T/R)范围1.15~21.58。某运动用品厂的总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度存在线性相关关系,采用24对数据,得到线性方程为Y=0.175 X+0.654(r=0.816,P<0.05)。 结论 所调查企业粉尘危害不容忽视,总粉尘浓度反映的危害程度与呼吸性粉尘基本一致;但部分岗位总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度差别较大,不能确定多行业总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘换算关系。应尽量排除各种因素的影响干扰,确定两者的关系,指导日常工作。     

重量法测定粉尘中游离SiO2含量的探讨

目的确保焦磷酸重量法测定粉尘中游离SiO2含量的准确性.方法针对焦磷酸重量法测定过程中的影响因素进行探讨.结果对于粉尘中游离SiO2含量的测定,从实验前的准备到样品的前处理以及实验操作过程中均存在易引起正负误差的因素.结论建议操作者充分考虑各种影响因素,尽量减少各种系统误差和随机误差,避免过失误差.