转化生长因子β1基因多态性与儿童哮喘易感性研究

目的探讨转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)基因多态性与儿童哮喘的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR_RFLP)技术对98例哮喘患儿与52例正常儿童进行TGFβ1 基因5′-侧翼区 -509C/T多态性分析 ,并采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测血清总IgE水平。结果哮喘组基因型分布和等位基因频率与对照组相比 ,差异均无显著性 (P>0.05) ;重度哮喘组基因型分布和等位基因频率与轻度组或对照组相比 ,差异有显著性(P<0.05) ;基因型为TT型的哮喘患儿血清总IgE水平明显高于CC型或CT型 ,差异具有显著性 (P<0.05)。结论TGFβ1 基因 -509C/T突变不是儿童哮喘的高发因素 ,但它可能是重度哮喘的候选基因 ,且突变纯合型与血清总IgE水平升高有关。     

IL-17A基因多态性与儿童哮喘易感性的相关性研究

目的 探讨儿童IL-17A启动子区域（-197G/A和-692C/T）基因多态性与儿童哮喘易感性的关系,为能进一步寻找到哮喘的候选基因从而为患病高风险儿童早期预防奠定基础。方法 选取2013年8月至2015年8月门诊随访或住院的哮喘患儿65例为哮喘组,另选取同期行健康体检儿童70例为健康对照组,采集两组儿童外周静脉血,应用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应（SSP-PCR）法检测IL-17A基因-197G/A和-692C/T两个位点的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）,统计分析两组间基因型及等位基因分布频率的差异。结果 IL-17A基因-692C/T位点哮喘组患儿TT基因型的分布频率（29%）显著高于健康对照组（16%）（P=0.012）;哮喘组-692T等位基因分布频率（52%）显著高于健康对照组（42%）（P=0.039）;罹患儿童哮喘的风险T等位基因携带者是C等位基因携带者的1.413倍（OR=1.413,95%CI：1.015~1.917）;而IL-17A基因-197G/A位点基因型及等位基因分布频率在哮喘组和健康对照组间比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 IL-17A基因启动子区域-692C/T位点基因多态性与儿童哮喘的易感性相关,-692T等位基因携带者更易罹患儿童哮喘,而IL-17A-197G/A位点多态性与儿童哮喘的易感性无显著相关。     

白细胞介素-4基因启动子多态性与广西壮族支气管哮喘患儿易感性和血清总免疫球蛋白E水平的相关性

目的研究IL-4基因启动子区域-589C/T和-33C/T位点多态性在广西壮族儿童中的分布及与壮族儿童支气管哮喘(哮喘)易感性及血清总IgE水平的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法对健康儿童102例和哮喘患儿72例IL-4基因-589位点和-33位点进行分析,ELISA方法检测2组血清总IgE水平。采用SPSS 14.0软件进行统计学分析。结果1.IL-4-589位点在健康对照组中基因型分布频率为CC 5.9%、CT 23.5%、TT 70.6%,哮喘组为CC 2.8%、CT 19.4%、TT 77.8%;健康对照组等位基因频率为C 17.6%、T 82.4%,哮喘组为C 12.5%、T 87.5%。2.IL-4-33位点在健康对照组和哮喘组中基因型分布和等位基因频率与IL-4-589位点频率分布一致,连锁不平衡值△=0.978。3.哮喘组与健康对照组之间基因型频率和等位基因频率比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05)。4.哮喘组血清总IgE水平较健康对照组明显增高(P<0.01);各组不同基因型间血清总IgE水平比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05);3种相同基因型不同组间比较哮喘组血清总IgE水平均较健康对照组高(Pa<0.05)。结论在广西地区壮族儿童人群中,IL-4基因启动子-589位点和-33位点存在多态性,两位点存在连锁不平衡,其多态性与壮族儿童哮喘的易感性无关联,与血清总IgE水平无相关性。     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎与白细胞介素-10-592A/C基因多态性的相关性研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素-10-592A/C基因多态性与呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎易感性、病情的关联和对血清白细胞介素(IL)-10的影响.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性检测100例汉族RSV毛细支气管炎患儿(病例组)和100例健康儿童(对照组)IL-10-592A/C位点单核苷酸多态性;应用ELISA法检测病例组血清IL-10水平.结果 病例组IL-10-592A/C位点基因型频率分别为AA 44%、AC 38%、CC 18%,等位基因频率分别为A 63%、C 37%;对照组基因型频率分别为AA 41%、AC 42%、CC 17%,等位基因频率分别为A 64%、C 36%;两组基因型及等位基因频率比较差异均无显著性(χ2=0.33,P>0.05;χ2=0.43,P>0.05).病例组IL-10-592A/C位点不同基因型患儿血清IL-10水平比较差异无显著性(F=0.87,P>0.05).IL-10-592A/C位点基因型频率在轻度和中重度患儿之间的差异无显著性(χ2=2.67,P>0.05).结论 IL-10-592A/C位点基因多态性与RSV毛细支气管炎不存在关联.     

白介素-4基因启动子多态性与儿童哮喘关系的研究

目的　探讨白介素 4(IL 4)基因启动子 (C5 90 T)多态性与儿童哮喘发病之间的关系。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性分析 (PCR RFLP)方法检测 2 7例哮喘儿童、30例健康儿童IL 4基因C5 90 T基因型 ;采用ELISA法检测研究对象血IgE值。结果　哮喘组与健康对照组三种基因型 (CC、TT、CT)在分布上无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;哮喘组T等位基因出现的频率为 0 6 48,对照组则为 0 5 83 ,两组比较无显著性差异(P >0 0 5 ) ;哮喘组与对照组三种基因型之间血IgE水平无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;IgE升高与IgE正常组间基因多态性亦无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　IL 4基因 (C5 90 T)多态性可能与儿童哮喘发病及IgE水平调节无关。     

IL-13基因和β2-AR基因单核苷酸多态性与儿童哮喘的关系

目的 研究白介素13(IL-13)基因A2044G单核苷酸多态性(SNP)和β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2-AR)基因R16G SNP对儿童哮喘的影响,并了解两者是否起协同作用.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,分别对96名正常对照组和96名哮喘患儿组的IL-13基因A2044G SNP位点(IL-13 A2044G)和β2-AR基因R16G SNP位点(β2-AR R16G)进行检测.分析两组间基因型、等位基因频率的分布情况.以及IL-13基因A2044G SNP和β2-AR基因R16G SNP在儿童哮喘发病中有无协同效应.结果 ①哮喘组IL-13 A2044G G/G纯合子基因型的频率明显高于正常对照组(分别为46.9%和28.1%,OR=2.40,P=0.005).②哮喘组β2-AR R16GA/A纯合子基因型的频率和A等位基因的频率明显高于正常对照组(分别为44.8%和28.0%,OR=2.87,P=0.011;64.6%和50.0%,OR=1.82,P=0.004).③携带IL-13 A2044G G/G β2-AR R16G A/A基因型组合者发生哮喘的相对危险度较仅携带单一的IL-13 A2044G G/G或β2-AR R16G A/A基因型者显著增高(分别为OR=5.33,P=0.009;OR=4.80,P=0.017).结论 IL-13 A2044G G/G或β2-AR R16G A/A纯合子基因型均与儿童哮喘的发生显著相关,且两者存在协同效应.     

血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶基因多态性与儿童哮喘易感性关系的研究

目的　探讨血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶 (PAF AH)基因多态性与儿童哮喘严重程度的关系。方法　采用等位基因特异性聚合酶链式反应 (AS PCR)技术 ,检测 131例不同严重程度的哮喘患儿及 10 4例健康儿童PAF AH基因第 9外显子Val 2 79Phe基因多态性。结果　轻、中度哮喘组与对照组 3种基因型 (Val 2 79Val、Val 2 79Phe、Phe 2 79Phe)在分布频率上差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但重度哮喘患儿与轻、中度哮喘组及对照组相比 ,差异显著 (P 均 <0 0 5 ) ;Phe等位基因频率重度哮喘组与轻、中度哮喘组及对照组相比差异显著 (P 均 <0 0 5 )。结论　PAF AH基因 (Val 2 79Phe)突变可能为重度哮喘儿童的易感基因之一。     

IL-13 基因+2044G/A 多态性与儿童哮喘风险和血清IL-13 水平的相关性研究

目的探讨IL-13基因+2044G/A多态性与儿童哮喘发病风险及哮喘儿童血清IL-13水平的关系。方法采用PCR-RFLP和ELISA方法,对90例支气管哮喘患儿(哮喘组)和82例健康儿童(对照组)IL-13基因+2044G/A多态性和血清IL-13水平进行检测,计算基因型、等位基因频率及其所对应的血清IL-13水平。结果哮喘组和对照组IL-13+2044G/A多态性3种基因型的分布差异有统计学意义(P0.001);与GG基因型比较,GA基因型儿童哮喘风险增加3.52倍(95%CI:1.82~6.82),AA基因哮喘风险增加3.71倍(95%CI:1.06~12.97)。哮喘组A等位基因频率为36.1%,高于对照组的18.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。与G等位基因比较,A等位基因携带儿童哮喘风险增加2.53倍(95%CI:1.53~4.16)。哮喘组患儿血清IL-13水平为151.82(134.33~166.68)ng/L,对照组为79.00(58.74~111.09)ng/L,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。哮喘组GG、GA和AA基因型的血清IL-13水平均分别高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.01)。哮喘组GG、GA和AA 3种基因型之间血清IL-13水平的差异也有统计学意义(P0.01),其中GA和AA基因型血清IL-13水平高于GG基因型。结论 IL-13基因+2044G/A多态性与支气管哮喘儿童血清IL-13水平具有关联性,且A等位基因可能造成了哮喘儿童血清高IL-13水平,携带A等位基因的儿童哮喘风险增加。     

内皮细胞型一氧化氮合酶基因多态性与川崎病冠状动脉损伤易感性的相关性

目的 探讨内皮细胞型一氧化氯合酶(eNOS)基因第4内含子a/b和第7外显子G894T多态性与儿童川崎病(KD)发病及并冠状动脉损伤(CAL)的相关性.方法 选择住院KD患儿69例(KD组),其中CAL 39例(CAL组),无冠状动脉损伤(NCA)30例(NCA组).同期选择健康体检儿童90例作为健康对照组.采用PCR方法 和聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测各组基因型与等位基因频率.结果 KD组和健康对照组eNOS基因内含子4基因型aa加ab:bb分布分别为0.30∶0.70和0.32∶0.68;等位基因a∶b频率分别为0.18∶0.82和0.17∶0.83,二组基因型及等位基因频率比较均无显著性差异(Pa>0.05),KD CAL组与NCA组基因型aa加ab:bb分布分别为0.33∶0.67和0.30∶0.70;二种等位基因a∶b频率分别为0.15∶0.85和0.19∶0.81,二组基因型及等位基因频率比较均无显著性差异(Pa>0.05).KD组eNOS基因第7外显子G894T基因型GT:GG频率显著高于健康对照组(0.26∶0.74 vs 0.13∶0.87 P<0.05),KD组T等位基因频率较健康对照组高,但无统计学意义(0.19 vs0.17 P>0.05),KD CAL组和NCA组GT基因型及T等位基因频率比较差异均无统计学意义(0.26 vs 0.20,0.83 vs 0.79 Pa>0.05).危险度分析结果 为GT基因型的个体患KD的风险是健康对照组的1.96倍,其差异有统计学意义(OR=1.96,95%GI1.086～4.481 P=0.048);eNOS基因4a/b各基因型与KD发病无明显相关性(OR=0.92,95%CI 0.468～1.811 P=0.864).结论 eNOS基因第7外显子G894T多态性的GT基因型可能与KD发病有关,第4内含子a/b及第7外显子G894T多态性与KD CAL可能无关.     

信号转导子及转录激活因子2基因rs2066807C→G多态性与支气管哮喘的相关性

目的探讨信号转导子及转录激活因子2(STAT2)基因单核苷酸多态位点rs2066807C→G多态性与潍坊地区汉族人群儿童哮喘的关系。方法应用PCR-限制性内切酶多型性法,对92例支气管哮喘患儿(哮喘组)和98例健康儿童(健康对照组)STAT2基因rs2066807C→G多态性进行检测,计算基因型和等位基因频率,组间比较采用χ2检验。相关疾病的基因型风险率以参与风险及比值比(OR)表示,95%可信区间(95%CI)计算采用Miettinen法。结果STAT2基因rs2066807C→G多态位点CC、CG、GG基因型频率,哮喘组患儿分别为0、3.4%、96.6%,健康对照组分别为0、6.1%、93.9%;C和G等位基因频率,哮喘组为1.6%和98.4%,健康对照组为3.1%和96.9%。哮喘组STAT2基因各基因型和等位基因频率和健康照组比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05)。携带CG基因型和C等位基因的儿童发生支气管哮喘的相对风险OR值分别为0.34(95%CI:0.05～4.96)和0.33(95%CI:0.05～4.93)(Pa>0.05)。结论STAT2基因rs2066807C→G多态性与潍坊地区儿童支...     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.