重症监护病房实施安宁疗护筛查的研究进展

随着安宁疗护理念的深入,研究人员已意识到在重症监护病房开展安宁疗护的必要性,医护人员不仅要重视危重病人生命的救治,还要关注治疗结局不理想病人的生命质量和死亡质量.但如何识别有潜在安宁疗护需求的重症病人尚无统一的标准.本文介绍了重症监护病房安宁疗护筛查相关工具及应用现状、重症监护病房实施安宁疗护筛查的影响因素等,以期让更多的同行关注终末期重症病人和家属的安宁疗护需求,对每一个有需求的病人实施安宁疗护.     

重症监护室安宁疗护研究热点可视化分析

目的对2010-2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库中ICU安宁疗护相关文献进行可视化分析,梳理研究热点,为ICU安宁疗护的发展提供参考。方法检索选取Web of Science核心合集收录的2010-2020年ICU安宁疗护的文献,并使用VOS viewer软件对核心合集数据库中有关ICU安宁疗护的文章进行描述和可视化分析。结果2010-2020年有关ICU安宁疗护的发文数量呈持续增长趋势;发文数量前3位的国家是美国、加拿大、德国;发文机构主要集中在大学或研究所。研究的热点主要聚集在7个方面:重症患儿、结局指标、丧亲辅导、预立医疗、满意度、伦理道德、临终决策。结论有关ICU安宁疗护的研究已成为国际关注的热点,国外ICU安宁疗护的发展已经较为成熟,而我国对ICU安宁疗护的研究尚处于初级阶段,在未来的研究中,需要加强对ICU安宁疗护的关注,加强国际间的合作交流,促进我国ICU安宁疗护事业的发展。     

重症监护室安宁疗护研究热点可视化分析

目的对2010-2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库中ICU安宁疗护相关文献进行可视化分析,梳理研究热点,为ICU安宁疗护的发展提供参考。方法检索选取Web of Science核心合集收录的2010-2020年ICU安宁疗护的文献,并使用VOS viewer软件对核心合集数据库中有关ICU安宁疗护的文章进行描述和可视化分析。结果2010-2020年有关ICU安宁疗护的发文数量呈持续增长趋势;发文数量前3位的国家是美国、加拿大、德国;发文机构主要集中在大学或研究所。研究的热点主要聚集在7个方面:重症患儿、结局指标、丧亲辅导、预立医疗、满意度、伦理道德、临终决策。结论有关ICU安宁疗护的研究已成为国际关注的热点,国外ICU安宁疗护的发展已经较为成熟,而我国对ICU安宁疗护的研究尚处于初级阶段,在未来的研究中,需要加强对ICU安宁疗护的关注,加强国际间的合作交流,促进我国ICU安宁疗护事业的发展。     

Characteristics of patients in a long-term care hospice setting

There are 34 hospices based in long-term care facilities in the United States. This study examines the characteristics of 697 hospice patients treated during a ten-year period in a long-term care based hospice setting, the Hospice of Washington, a unit of the Washington Home in Washington, DC. Characteristics of each patient, including age at admission, sex, race, marital status, referral source, payment source, diagnosis, and admission and discharge data were recorded. The age, race and sex characteristics of the Hospice's patients are not unusual, with the expected exception of a large and growing number of black patients. Interesting trends include decreasing length of stay, increasing non-cancer diagnoses including AIDS, decreased hospital referrals, and growing participation by HMOs.     

Prevalence and predictors of compassion satisfaction,secondary traumatic stress,and burnout among Chinese hospice nurses: A cross-sectional study

AimTo explore the prevalence and predictors of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout among Chinese hospice nurses.BackgroundBecause of prolonged and continual contact with suffering, deaths, and grief, hospice nurses may be vulnerable to emotional burdens and have difficulty maintaining their professional quality of life.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 478 hospice nurses were selected from 24 medical institutions in Sichuan province. Demographic, work-related information and work-related trauma questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Chinese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale for Nurses were used for collecting data.ResultsThe mean scores of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout were 34.89 ± 6.21, 26.35 ± 5.24, and 24.49 ± 5.01, respectively. Job satisfaction, perspective-taking, empathic concern, working in tertiary hospitals, and adopting cognitive reappraisal strategy were positively associated with compassion satisfaction, while personal distress was a negative factor, all variables explaining 50.7 % of the variance. Higher burnout was found among nurse who had higher personal distress, worked in secondary or primary hospitals, worked >8 h per day and caring for >10 dying patients last month. In addition, job satisfaction, social support, perspective-taking, empathic concern, and cognitive reappraisal were identified as significant protectors, explaining 50.1 % of the variance. We also found that lower job satisfaction, higher personal distress, higher expressive suppression, lack of social support, senior nurses, and cared for >10 dying patients last month, were positively related to secondary traumatic stress. However, cognitive reappraisal had negative associations. These seven factors explained 32.0 % of the variance.ConclusionsHospice care has specific characteristics and hospice nurses may suffer from more work-related stressors compared with other nurses. Our study may provide clues to help nursing administrators identify hospice nurses who are at higher risk of compassion fatigue and design targeted interventions focused on potential risk factors and protectors to improve hospice nurses' compassion satisfaction, while reducing compassion fatigue.     

社区家庭临终关怀现状

临终关怀作为一门对临终病人和家属提供姑息性和支持性医护措施的新兴学科在国内外不断发展。概述了社区家庭病人临终关怀的概念和需求因素,并阐述如何从控制疼痛、做好心理护理、基础护理、尸体料理和对病人家属的关怀5方面进行社区家庭临终关怀。     

Developing a dedicated education unit in long-term care: A pilot project

Within long-term care, the transitional care setting provides post-acute and short-stay rehabilitation to older adults, easing the transition between the acute care hospital and home or long-term care. The current nursing shortage makes it difficult for these facilities to attract and retain qualified nursing staff. In order to meet the rehabilitation needs for this patient population while at the same time addressing the challenge in nursing education of limited clinical placements and severe nurse faculty shortages, an academic-practice partnership was developed to establish a Dedicated Education Unit (DEU). The DEU is an innovative clinical education model in which experienced staff nurses serve as clinical teachers to nursing students. This paper describes the process of developing a DEU using the Partners in Caring Model as the framework. Formative and summative evaluation results and recommendations for program improvement of this pilot project are discussed.     

Physicians and hospice care: attitudes, knowledge, and referrals

Underutilization of hospice care continues to be a public health issue in the United States. Physician barriers related to incorrect knowledge and unfavorable attitudes have been hypothesized as part of the explanation. We conducted a mail survey of 264 area physicians, obtaining a response rate of 72% (n = 190). The survey examined attitudes toward, knowledge about, and perceptions of benefits and barriers to hospice care. Physicians demonstrated very positive attitudes toward hospice. They had correct knowledge about some aspects of hospice, but were uncertain about correct answers on the majority of items. They had erroneous knowledge on few items. Physicians perceived many benefits to hospice care, and identified patient and family readiness as the major barriers to earlier hospice referrals. Demographic and practice variables were related to responses on few of the survey items. These findings have many implications for outreach strategies for physicians as well as future research.     

Mental health training and the hospice community: A national survey

This article summarizes a national survey of the hospice community. Respondents provided detailed information in the following areas: (a) What formal mental health training is provided for staff members? (b) Who conducts this training? (c) What areas are covered and where would more training be useful? (d) How is the training conducted—what formats and teaching materials are used? and (e) How much training do staff members receive?

The results of the survey indicate that the hospice community is making a concerted effort to meet the mental health training needs of its paid staff members and volunteers. However, more than half of the hospices surveyed expressed a need for further training in 26 of the 33 issues and skills covered in the questionnaire, and many reported a need for a more systematic and comprehensive mental health curriculum. The findings point to several areas of particularly great need and provide a basis for the development of future mental health training in the hospice community.     

Mental health training and the hospice community: A national survey

Abstract

This article summarizes a national survey of the hospice community. Respondents provided detailed information in the following areas: (a) What formal mental health training is provided for staff members? (b) Who conducts this training? (c) What areas are covered and where would more training be useful? (d) How is the training conducted—what formats and teaching materials are used? and (e) How much training do staff members receive?

The results of the survey indicate that the hospice community is making a concerted effort to meet the mental health training needs of its paid staff members and volunteers. However, more than half of the hospices surveyed expressed a need for further training in 26 of the 33 issues and skills covered in the questionnaire, and many reported a need for a more systematic and comprehensive mental health curriculum. The findings point to several areas of particularly great need and provide a basis for the development of future mental health training in the hospice community.