切除食管癌两种消化道重建方式术后胃食管反流的对比 …

目的：探讨食管癌切除后胃经食管床和经胸作弓上吻合者术后发生胃食管反流的差别。方法;对２５例病人在术后１－３个月进行了残留食管内的２４小时ＰＨ监测。结果：（１）两种消化道重建方式病人的ＰＨ总得分,２４小时的总反流次数,〉５分钟的反流次数,最长反流时间和ｐＨ〈４的总时间均超出正常范围。（２）将食管床组和胸内组相比较,２４小时总反流次数差异无显著性,而其余４项指标食管床明显低于胸内组。     

食管癌围手术期胃食管反流pH监测分析及探讨

目的：了解食管癌与胃食管反流之间的关系。方法：对２３例食管癌病人进行了手术前食管２４小时ｐＨ监测，其中６例尚行了手术后胃食管２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果：食管癌病人手术前后均存在病理性食管反流，其反流液不单纯为酸性胃液，还含有十二指肠碱性反流成分。结论：应重视食管癌围手术期胃食管反流的检查与治疗，食管癌根治术中应设计相应的抗反流措施。     

食管癌切除术后胃食管返流症

目的为了解食管癌切除胃食管吻合术后近期内患者发生胃食管返流的情况。方法对１０例正常人和３０例患者术后１～３月间进行了残留食管腔内连续２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果发现所有患者的ｐＨ总得分、２４小时返流次数、大于５分钟的返流次数、最长返流时间和ｐＨ＜４的总时间均明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时发现有明确胸骨后烧灼感、反酸、胸痛等胃食管返流症状者仅１１例，占总监测患者的３６．７％。结论所有胃食管吻合术后患者近期内均存在胃食管返流症，且多以无症状返流形式存在。对术后发生胃食管返流症的原因进行了分析并提出了相应的预防治疗措施。     

经食管床胃食管吻合术后胃食管反流与胃排空的临床研究

目的 客观评价食管中段癌切除经食管床主动脉弓上胃食管吻合术对术后胃食管反流和胃排空的影响。方法 将40例食管中段癌患者随机分成两组，食管床吻合组（n=20）：采用经食管床主动脉弓上胃食管吻合术；左胸腔内吻合组（n=20）：采用经左侧胸腔主动脉弓前胃食管吻合术；另选10名无消化系统疾病的健康志愿者作为正常对照组。于术后3个月进行24h食管pH监测，放射性核素胃排空检查，观察术后胃食管反流和胃排空情况。结果 所有患者手术均成功，无手术死亡，术后无吻合口漏和狭窄。术后3个月左胸腔内吻合组和食管床吻合组患者均有不同程度的反流，DeMeester总评分、24h酸反流次数、〉5min的反流次数、最长反流持续时间、pH（4．00的总时间和pH（4．00占总时间的百分比均高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；食管床吻合组DeMeester总评分、24h酸反流次数、最长反流持续时间、pH（4．00的总时间、pH（4．00占总时间的百分比均低于左胸腔内吻合组（P〈0.01）。术后近期各时间段左胸腔内吻合组和食管床吻合组胃排空百分数（GE）均较正常对照组低（P〈0.01）；食管床吻合组GE于实验餐进入胃后30、60、90、120、180和240min均高于左胸腔内吻合组（P〈0. 01）。结论经食管床主动脉弓上吻合术后胃食管反流和胃排空延迟客观存在，但较传统手术方式有所减轻，其机制可能是机械因素所致。     

管状胃宽度与食管癌术后抗胃食管反流的临床研究

目的总结采用管状胃的食管癌手术患者的术后反流情况,探讨管状胃宽度对食管癌切除术后胃食管反流的影响。 方法前瞻性地按照入院顺序,将60例食管癌术中采用管状胃代食管的患者按管状胃裁制宽度是否大于3 cm,随机分为A组30例(管状胃宽度≥3 cm)和B组30例(管状胃宽度<3 cm),分别在术后11～14 d胃肠功能恢复后使用pH监测仪进行24 h食管pH值监测。 结果A组反流次数、反流超过5 min的次数、pH值<4.00的总时间和最长反流时间均多于B组(t＝2.735,P＝0.012;t＝4.502,P＝0.001;t＝3.435,P＝0.023;t＝4.286,P＝0.002)。 结论管状胃宽度影响反流的发生,细的管状胃可减轻食管癌术后反流的发生。     

两种弓上食管胃吻合术后胃食管反流的比较

目的比较食管癌手术行"隧道式"式和器械式两种经主动脉弓上食管胃吻合方式术后胃食管反流的状况。方法对两组患者,"隧道式"吻合术组21例,器械吻合方式组35例,术后3个月行24 h食管pH监测;胃镜检查反流性食管炎的程度,并进行分级和评分。结果24小时pH监测显示,两组各项指标均高于正常值,但隧道组各项指标均低于器械式吻合组,差异有统计学意义:DeMeester评分和超过5 min的反流次数、pH低于4的总时间、以及pH<4的时间百分数(P<0.01)、24 h反流的次数和最长的反流时间(P<0.05);胃镜检查结果显示:器械组反流性食管炎的发生率为65.7%(23/35),明显高于隧道组为38.1%(8/21),两组反流性食管炎分级及反流性食管炎评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),器械组高于隧道组。结论两种吻合方式术后均有胃食管反流,弓上隧道式食管胃吻合术患者术后反流性食管炎的发生率和反流程度均小于器械吻合术式。     

食管癌手术期胃食管反流pH监测分析及探讨

目的：了解食管癌与胃食管反流裼 关系。方法：对２３例食管癌病人进行了手术前食管２４小时ｐＨ监测,其中６例尚行手术后胃食管２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果;食管癌病人手术前后均存在病理性食管反流,其反流液不单纯为酸性胃液,还含有十二指肠碱反流城分。结论：应重视食管癌围手术期胃食管反流的检查与治疗,食管癌根治术中应设计相应的抗反流措施。     

胃食管吻合术后胃食管反流的研究

目的 研究食管癌和贲门癌术后不同位置的食管胃吻合口和时间因素对胃食管反流程度的影响。方法 对39例食管癌和贲门癌术后病人进行24h食管pH监测、电子胃镜检查，其中食管胃弓上吻合组（A组）21例，弓下吻合组（B组）18例。结果 （1）A组DeMeester评分和反流性食管炎评分均明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。（2）随着时间的推移A组和B组DeMeester评分无明显的改变（P〉0．05）。结论 不同位置的食管胃吻合口影响胃食管反流程度，食管胃吻合口位置越高胃食管反流和反流性食管炎程度越轻。时间因素对胃食管反流程度无明显的影响。     

管状胃成形对预防食管癌切除术后胃食管反流的作用

目的探讨管状胃成形对减轻食管癌切除术后胃食管反流症的作用。方法选取2006年7月至2007年6月收治的120例食管癌患者,按手术术式不同分为两组,管状胃手术组:男42例,女18例;中位年龄58岁;传统手术组:男44例,女16例;中位年龄61岁。术后3个月行食管24 h pH监测,将5 min的反流次数、反流百分率、最长反流时间指标与正常人进行比较。结果传统手术组术后有明显反流症状26例(43.33%),管状胃手术组12例(20.00%)。传统手术组5 min的反流次数、反流百分率和最长反流时间均大于正常人(t=2.826,P0.05;t=2.212,P0.05;t=2.951,P0.05);管状胃手术组患者仅最长反流时间大于正常人(t=2.303,P0.05);5min的反流次数、反流百分率和最长反流时间均短于传统手术组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.081,P0.05;t=2.050,P0.05;t=2.112,P0.05)。结论管状胃成形能有效降低食管癌术后胃食管反流的发生率。     

食管癌术后胃食管反流的临床研究

目的探讨食管癌切除术后胃食管反流的原因及抗反流的手术方式。方法回顾性分析2000-01～2008-01我科共手术治疗食管癌患者420例,其中胃经食管床颈部吻合组96例(A组),胸内吻合组184例(B组),胃代食管经胸腔途径吻合组140例(C组),并对其3组的临床资料进行比较分析。结果胃食管反流比例C组B组A组(P0.05)。结论食管癌切除后胃经纵隔行颈部吻合可显著降低术后胃食管反流率,经食管床主动脉弓上吻合胃食管反流发生率次之。     

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Obesity. Pathophysiology and Implications for Treatment

Although the etiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is multifactorial, the pathophysiology of the disease in morbidly obese patients remains incompletely understood. The aims of this study were to compare in morbidly obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥35) and nonmorbidly patients (BMI <35) with GERD: (a) lower esophageal sphincter (LES) profile; (b) esophageal body function; and (c) esophageal acid exposure. We reviewed esophageal manometry and ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring studies of 599 consecutive patients with GERD (DeMeester score >14.7). Patients were divided into two groups according to the BMI: (1) 520 patients (86.8%) with BMI <35 and (2) 79 patients (13.2%) with BMI ≥35. While the DeMeester score was not different between the two groups, morbidly obese patients had higher LES pressure and higher amplitude of peristalsis in the distal esophagus (DEA). Among these patients, LES and DEA pressures were often hypertensive. A linear regression model showed that BMI, LES pressure, LES abdominal length, and DEA were independently associated with the DeMeester score. These data showed that: (a) BMI was independently associated to the severity of GERD; and (b) in most morbidly obese patients with GERD, reflux occurred despite normal or hypertensive esophageal motility. These findings show that the pathophysiology of GERD in morbidly obese patients might differ from that of nonobese patients, suggesting the need for a different therapeutic approach. Presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Los Angeles, CA, May 22–24, 2006.     

Performance of the Montreal Consensus in the Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Morbidly Obese Patients

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been increasingly recognized in patients with morbid obesity. A recent global evidence-based consensus on GERD has been proposed, but its performance in patients with morbid obesity is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the Montreal Consensus in the diagnosis of GERD in morbidly obese patients. Methods Seventy-five consecutive morbidly obese patients underwent GERD symptoms assessment, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring “off PPI”. The performance of the Montreal Consensus was determined by comparing two diagnostic algorithms: 1. a gold standard approach in which any GERD symptom and findings from both endoscopy and pH monitoring were taken into account, and 2. the approach with the Montreal Consensus, in which troublesome GERD symptoms and endoscopic findings were considered. Results GERD was found present in 57 patients by applying the gold standard approach. The Montreal Consensus identified 41 of these patients, whereas the remaining 34 patients were classified as “no GERD”. Of these, 16 (47%) showed reflux esophagitis and/or abnormal pH-metry. The Montreal Consensus had an accuracy of 78.7%, sensitivity of 72% (95% CI 59–82%), specificity of 100% (95% CI 82–100%) and negative predictive value of 47% (95% CI 37–57%). Conclusions In morbidly obese patients, the approach with the Montreal Consensus has high specificity and suboptimal sensitivity in the diagnosis of GERD. Its intermediate negative predictive value suggests that complementary investigation might be routine in these patients, particularly in those who do not present with troublesome GERD symptoms. Madalosso and Fornari contributed equally to the study.     

腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病

目的探讨腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病的临床效果。方法2008年1月-2011年11月对40例胃食管反流病行腹腔镜胃底折叠术。腹腔镜单纯胃底折叠术7例（Toupt式）,腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补加胃底折叠术33例（Nissen式5例,Toupet式28例）。结果手术均获成功,无中转开腹及死亡病例,无术后严重并发症。手术时间75～215min,平均112min;术中出血量10-350ml,平均52ml;术后住院5—10d,平均7d。40例术后随访1—24个月,平均16个月,34例临床症状完全消失,6例症状明显好转。结论腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病疗效满意。     

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Connective Tissue Disorders: Pathophysiology and Implications for Treatment

Introduction  It has been postulated that in patients with connective tissue disorders (CTD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophageal function is generally deteriorated, often with complete absence of peristalsis. This belief has led to the common recommendation of avoiding antireflux surgery for fear of creating or worsening dysphagia. Methods  We hypothesized that in most patients with CTD and GERD: (a) esophageal function is often preserved; (b) peristalsis is more frequently absent when end-stage lung disease (ESLD) is also present; (c) a tailored surgical approach (partial or total fundoplication) based on the findings of esophageal manometry allows control of reflux symptoms without a high incidence of postoperative dysphagia. Forty-eight patients with CTD were evaluated by esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring (EFT). Twenty patients (group A) had EFT because of foregut symptoms, and 28 patients with ESLD (group B) had EFT as part of the lung transplant evaluation. Two hundred and eighty-six consecutive patients with GERD by pH monitoring served as a control group (group C). A laparoscopic fundoplication was performed in two group A patients (total), eight group B patients (three patients total, five patients partial) and in all group C patients (total). Results  Esophageal peristalsis was preserved in all patients with CTD and GERD. In contrast, peristalsis was absent in about half of patients when ESLD was also present. A tailored surgical approach resulted in control of reflux symptoms in all patients. One patient only developed postoperative dysphagia, which resolved with two Savary dilatations. Conclusion  These data show that esophageal motor function is preserved in most patients with CTD, so that they should be offered antireflux surgery early in the course of their disease to prevent esophageal and respiratory complications. In patients with ESLD in whom peristalsis is absent, a partial rather than a total fundoplication should be performed, as it allows control of reflux symptoms while avoiding postoperative dysphagia. Poster presentation, Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Diego, CA, May 19, 2008.     

48-Hour pH Monitoring Increases the Risk of False Positive Studies When the Capsule is Prematurely Passed

Ambulatory wireless 48-h esophageal pH monitoring (Bravo Medtronic, Shoreview, MN, USA) has been shown to be more sensitive in detecting abnormal esophageal acid exposure compared with transnasal 24-h pH probes. However, accurate interpretation of the wireless monitoring data is paramount when contemplating surgical intervention for those with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of false-positive interpretations of this wireless monitoring data secondary to premature transit of the Bravo capsule into the stomach and subsequently into the duodenum prior to the completion of the 48-h study period. We reviewed 100 consecutive Bravo pH studies at our University Esophageal Motility Center. There were 58 women and 42 men included in our evaluation. Premature transit of the Bravo capsule into the stomach and subsequently into the small bowel was defined by a prolonged gastric pH phase with either evidence of alkalinization and no further reflux episodes or loss of communication with the Bravo capsule prior to the end of the 48-h data collection period. Of the 100 patients reviewed, 11% manifested evidence of early passage of the Bravo capsule resulting in a misinterpretation of the data as abnormal acid exposure. The mean time of inaccurate data after transit of the Bravo capsule was 18 h and 42 min. The mean length of time that the capsule was retained in the stomach prior to duodenal passage was 4 h. If the aforementioned data were included in the final interpretation of the study, it yielded a mean DeMeester score of 44.25 with a mean total time of pH <4 of 14.7% per case. Exclusion of the prolonged gastric phase from the final interpretation of each case resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the mean total time the pH <4 (4.33 vs. 14.7%, p < 0.05) and the mean DeMeester score (12.81 vs. 44.25 p < 0.05). The mean time from the initiation of esophageal pH data to the passage of the Bravo capsule into the stomach was 15 h and 22 min. The observation mandates meticulous inspection of the pH tracing by the interpreting physician throughout the entirety of a 48-h study to identify premature transit of the capsule. Tracings that show prolonged acid exposure or loss of communication with the Bravo capsule should be screened for the capsule’s possible early dislodgement and premature advancement into the stomach.     

小儿胃食管反流的诊断与治疗

小儿胃食管反流（ＧＥＲ）是由于小儿食管下端功能障碍引起的胃内容物及十二指肠内容物反流入食管。其常见并发症有反流性食管炎 管狭窄和上消化道出血等,临床特征为顽固性呕吐或反胃;胸骨后烧灼感或疼痛、吞咽困难和哎血;反复发作的肺为、支气管炎、哮喘和窒息等。检查方法可采用胃食管Ｘ线钡餐造影,２４小时食管ｐＨ可判断治疗是否有效。应用抗酸剂、胃粘膜保护剂和Ｈ２受体拮抗治疗６￣１２周无效时,则应用手术治疗。随着微