Rice bran oil lowers serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo B levels in nonhuman primates

The hypolipidemic response of rice bran oil (RBO) was investigated in nonhuman primates fed semi-purified diets containing blends of oils which included RBO at 0-35% Kcals as dietary fat. The studies demonstrated the following: (a) the degree of reduction of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was highly correlated with initial serum cholesterol levels of the monkey on the stabilization diet; (b) the content of rice bran oil in the diet was the predominant factor influencing serum TC, LDLC and apoB causing up to a 40% reduction in LDLC without affecting high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) when RBO was the sole dietary oil fed; (c) the cholesterol-lowering capabilities of RBO were not explained by its fatty acid composition. These studies suggest that RBO may be an additional vegetable oil which lowers serum cholesterol levels by unique mechanisms which will require further study.     

老年冠心病患者血清脂质与脂质过氧化的关系

本文观察了４４例老年冠心病者及３０例健康老年人血脂水平及丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶的血清含量。     

酰基辅酶A∶胆固醇酰基转移酶2基因734位点T等位基因与高糖低脂膳食诱导的健康青年女性TG/HDLC、log(TG/HDLC)及LDLC/HDLC改变相关联

目的探讨酰基辅酶A∶胆固醇酰基转移酶2(ACAT-2)基因734位点C/T多态性对健康青年血脂比值的影响及在高糖低脂膳食诱导的血脂比值变化中的作用。方法给予56名健康青年志愿者7天平衡膳食和6天高糖低脂膳食,于第1天、第8天以及第14天清晨抽取12 h空腹静脉血,测定血脂,计算甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDLC)、log(TG/HDLC)、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TC/HDLC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC/HDLC)比值。提取基因组DNA,聚合酶链反应限制性酶切法分析ACAT-2基因734位点多态性。结果女性T等位基因携带者log(TG/HDLC)显著低于CC纯合子受试者,男性CC纯合子受试者TC/HDLC显著高于女性CC纯合子受试者,男性T等位基因携带者log(TG/HDLC)显著高于女性。高糖低脂膳食前,男性T等位基因携带者TG/HDLC、log(TG/HDLC)显著高于女性。与高糖低脂膳食前相比,高糖低脂膳食后男性TC/HDLC、LDLC/HDLC显著降低,不受基因型影响。女性CC纯合子受试者高糖低脂膳食后TG/HDLC、log(TG/HDLC)显著升高,TC/HDLC、LDLC/HDLC显著降低,女性T等位基因携带者TC/HDLC显著降低。结论 ACAT-2 734位点T等位基因与高糖低脂膳食诱导的健康青年女性TG/HDLC、log(TG/HDLC)及LDLC/HDLC改变相关联。     

复合膳食纤维对高胆固醇血症大鼠胆固醇代谢的长期作用

健康、断乳SD大鼠 84只 ,经高脂饲料诱导形成高脂血症模型后按体重及血胆固醇均衡的原则分为 7组 ,分别以基础饲料及高脂饲料作为对照组 ,其余 5组饲以不同水平的复合膳食纤维配方B(可溶性纤维 不可溶性纤维 =2 .0 ) ,实验期为 3个月 ,观察配方B对大鼠血浆胆固醇代谢的长期作用。结果表明 :与高脂组相比 ,高胆固醇血症大鼠的血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇在不同水平的复合膳食纤维配方B组均显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;复合膳食纤维配方B在降低大鼠血总胆固醇浓度的作用上 ,存在明显的剂量反应关系。以上结果提示 :以燕麦麸、沙棘皮、瓜儿豆胶为主要原料研制成的复合膳食纤维确能长期有效地降低血浆胆固醇水平 ,可用于动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的防治。     

Long-term feeding of casein or soy protein with or without cholesterol in Mongolian gerbils. I. Morphologic effects

This study was designed to determine whether male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) develop atherosclerosis (AS) during long-term feeding of diets similar to those consumed by humans. Gerbils were fed diets containing 16% casein (C) or soy (S) protein +/- 0.1% cholesterol (CH) for 15 months. The energy contribution from protein, fat and carbohydrate was similar to the energy distribution reported for the average North American (NA) diet and the level of added dietary CH resembled the average NA intake. At mo 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, animals were killed and tissue sections were prepared for histologic examination. Microscopic observations of cardiovascular tissues did not reveal any evidence of AS in any of the diet groups. Liver fatty infiltration (FI) was evident in the C+CH and C groups at mo 3 and 9, respectively, and continued to occur at all subsequent sampling times. Livers from gerbils fed S+CH also began to exhibit FI at mo 9, while livers from S-fed gerbils did not show any significant morphologic changes. Biochemical liver total lipid results supported the histological liver findings. Other tissues examined did not reveal any morphological changes related to diet. The gerbil may be a useful animal model to study mechanisms which inhibit AS development.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的血脂变化及其与冠心病的关系

为探讨II型糖尿病患者血脂变化与伴发冠心病的关系以及脂蛋白（a）在冠心病发生中的地位，比较了健康对照组、单纯II型糖尿病组、单纯冠心病组和II型糖尿病伴冠心病组患者的血脂特征。结果发现，单纯冠心病患者的甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和脂蛋白（a）水平较对照组明显增高．并且单纯冠心病患者的血脂水平与单纯II型糖尿病组比较无显著差异。II型糖尿病伴冠心病患者的甘油三酯、载脂蛋白B水平较单纯II型糖尿病或单纯冠心病患者增高更明显，高密度脂蛋白-3胆固醇则较单纯II型糖尿病组明显降低．即II型糖尿病伴冠心病患者在脂代谢紊乱方面存在更多致冠心病的危险因素。Logistic回归结果显示，在血脂鼻常指标中，甘油三酯、总胆固醇和脂蛋白（a）增高是引起冠心病的高危血脂谱。     

血浆铁蛋白与冠心病及其危险因素的关系

测定１０６例冠心病患者７３名性别、年龄、体指数匹配的健康者的血浆铁蛋白、雌二醇、睾酮总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白（ａ）和空腹血糖水平。     

普罗布考与阿托伐他汀合用对急性冠状动脉综合征的调脂及抗氧化作用

目的 观察普罗布考与阿托伐他汀联合治疗对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血脂、血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白水平及对氧磷酶1活性的影响.方法 38例急性冠状动脉综合征患者随机分为对照组(n=20,阿托伐他汀10mg/d)和治疗组(n=18,阿托伐他汀10 mg/d+普罗布考1 000 mg/d),随访4周.两组在治疗前后分别测定血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白水平及对氧磷酶1活性.结果 治疗4周后,对照组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低15.4%、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇上升13.7%(P<0.05),血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯略有下降但未达到统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯分别下降28.1%、28.5%、14.2%(P<0.01)和23.3%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,治疗组血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降更为明显(P<0.01).治疗后,两组血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白水平均明显降低,对氧磷酶1活性均明显升高(P<0.01);而治疗组血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白水平和对氧磷酶1活性的变化比对照组更为明显(P<0.01).治疗前的血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白水平、对氧磷酶活性及两者治疗后的变化值与血脂各指标之间均无相关关系(P>0.05),而对氧磷酶活性与血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.669,P<0.01).结论 阿托伐他汀与普罗布考合用具有协同降胆固醇作用和抗氧化作用,但普罗布考降高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的作用不能被阿托伐他汀抵消.     

The relationship between dietary ascorbic acid intake and serum lipid concentration in the aged]

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary ascorbic acid intake and serum lipid concentration in the aged. The amount of dairy food intake for three consecutive days were measured and the serum levels of total-cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) were determined 279 subjects (135 males and 135 females), 65 years and over living in one community. The LDL-cholesterol (LDLC) was calculated by (TC-HDLC)-TG x 0.2. Dietary ascorbic acid intake showed no significantly difference between males and females, but had a significantly positive correlation with HDLC, the intake of carbohydrates and protein and total fat. However it had a significantly negative correlation with LDLC and LDLC/HDLC. Multiple regression analysis showed that dietary ascorbic acid intake had a statistically significant relationship with HDLC, LDLC and LDLC/HDLC. Since HDLC, which is known to be an anti-atherogenic, was related to increase in the dietary ascorbic acid intake, and LDLC, which is known to be an atherogenic, was related to its decrease, it was suggested that dietary ascorbic acid intake might have an important effect on the genesis and prevention of atherogenic diseases.     

血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇对缺血性脑卒中患者急性期神经功能损害的影响

目的探讨血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDLC)对缺血性脑卒中急性期神经功能损害的影响及其在风险评估中的临床价值。方法选择符合入组条件的急性缺血性卒中患者共611例,应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、中国脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分量表(1995)(CSS)、欧洲版神经功能缺损评分(ESS)以及日常生活能力评定量表Barthel指数(BI)评价神经功能。同时测定空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)等生化指标,并计算出non-HDLC的含量,比较non-HDLC高水平组与理想水平组患者NIHSS、CSS、ESS、BI分值,以探讨高non-HDLC水平与急性缺血性卒中神经功能损害的关系。结果与non-HDLC理想水平组患者相比,高non-HDLC水平组患者体质指数高、NIHSS、CSS评分高(P0.05),ESS和BI分值低(P0.05)。血清TC、TG、LDLC、Hcy、空腹血糖和HbA1c水平高,HDLC水平低(P0.05)。相关分析发现,随着non-HDLC水平升高,急性缺血性卒中神经功能损害的危险性明显增加。结论 Non-HDLC水平增高是缺血性脑卒中患者急性期神经功能损害的危险因素,可作为缺血性脑卒中神经功能损害危险评估的有效靶点。     

广西老年糖尿病患者血清甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与大血管并发症

为了探讨广西老年 2型糖尿病患者空腹血清甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与大血管并发症患病率的关系。按中华医学会糖尿病学分会糖尿病慢性并发症调查统一项目进行 ,对广西 5 5 1例 6 0岁以上的老年 2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂、血压和体重指数等指标进行综合研究。结果发现 ,高血清甘油三酯 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值组 (R >1.33)人群的血糖、舒张压、总胆固醇和体重指数高于正常血清甘油三酯 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值组(P <0 .0 5 ) ,其大血管并发症患病率也高于正常血清甘油三酯 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值组 (P <0 .0 5 )。单因素直线相关分析提示 :血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖尿病病程、体重指数等因素与血清甘油三酯 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值水平呈正相关关系 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;多因素逐步回归法提示影响血清甘油三酯 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值的主要因素有空腹血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖尿病病程及体重指数 (P <0 .0 5 )。结果提示 ,血脂代谢紊乱与老年 2型糖尿病大血管并发症发生有关 ,空腹血清甘油三酯 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值是反映 2型糖尿病血管并发症发生的一个可靠的指标。     

脂质代谢水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的关系

目的 探讨脂质代谢水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的关系.方法 回顾性分析182 例疑似冠状动脉粥样硬化病变患者的资料,均实施冠状动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,将有冠状动脉粥样硬化病变者列为研究组,否则列为对照组.检测受试者血浆甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LD...     

普罗布考与阿托伐他汀联合用药对冠心病合并高胆固醇血症患者血脂与心绞痛发作的影响

目的比较普罗布考与阿托伐他汀单独及联合应用对冠心病合并高胆固醇血症患者血脂及心绞痛发作的影响。方法将119例冠心病合并高胆固醇血症患者随机分成普罗布考组、阿托伐他汀组及普罗布考与阿托伐他汀联合应用组,普罗布考剂量为0.5g,bid;阿托伐他汀剂量为10mg,qd。比较用药前和12周后三组患者平板运动心电图试验、血脂、氧化型低密度脂蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛等指标变化。结果三组血清总胆固醇水平(P<0.001)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.01)均明显降低;阿托伐他汀组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇增高(P<0.01),而氧化型低密度脂蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛变化不明显;普罗布考组氧化型低密度脂蛋白和丙二醛显著降低(P<0.001),超氧化物歧化酶升高(P<0.001),但高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低(P<0.01);联合用药组氧化型低密度脂蛋白和丙二醛显著降低(P<0.001),超氧化物歧化酶升高(P<0.001),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇变化不明显。三组治疗后平板运动心电图试验阳性率和研究结束前2周内心绞痛发作次数均减少,普罗布考组较阿托伐他汀组更明显(P<0.05),联合用药组更为显著(P<0.01)。结论普罗布考为一安全有效的降血脂及减少心绞痛发作的药物,与阿托伐他汀联合应用安全,疗效更显著。     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者血脂质变化

为研究慢性肾功能衰竭患者血脂质变化，检测40例慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白AI和B水平。结果显示，慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清甘油三酯及载脂蛋白B较对照组明显升高（1．27±0．60mmol／L比0．79±0．23mmol／L，P＜0．01；0．89±0．18g／L比0．80±0．17g／L，P＜0．05）；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白AI和载脂蛋白AI／B比值均明显降低（分别为1．07±0．47mmol／L比1．41±0．29mmol／L；1．26±0．28g／L比1．46±0．10g／L；1．41比1．82，P均＜0．01）。以上提示，慢性肾功能衰竭患者脂质代谢紊乱主要表现为甘油三酯和载脂蛋白B浓度升高，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白AI浓度降低。     

Does lowering serum cholesterol levels lower coronary heart disease risk?

Many lines of evidence converge toward the conclusion that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is indeed a causal factor in the genesis of CHD. These range from animal studies, pathology studies, inborn errors of metabolism, clinical observations, and the existence of plausible biologic mechanisms, to the vast body of epidemiologic evidence. Observations of the association of LDLC with CHD hold between different populations, in the same population at different times, and to studies of individuals within populations. Finally, the clinical trials of cholesterol lowering, together with regression studies in animals and angiographic studies in humans, provide compelling evidence that the progress of atherosclerosis can be halted and the clinical sequelae can be reduced. The newly available results from more recent intervention studies have reinforced the validity of this conclusion. The intervention studies reduced the CHD incidence rate by approximately 2% for every 1% reduction in total cholesterol (TC) even though the studies were of relatively short duration (typically 5 years). More prolonged exposure to lower TC levels can be expected to yield even greater ultimate benefit. The benefit is most clearcut for men at highest risk. The combined data indicate that both fatal and nonfatal CHD can be reduced. More data on the extremes of age, on subjects with moderate elevations of TC, and on women would be valuable, but it is reasonable to proceed with advice to the general population aimed at reducing average cholesterol levels, and also to identify and treat those at high risk. There is good reason to expect that these measures will further reduce MI events and in all likelihood also MI deaths. Whether they will also reduce overall mortality is at present a moot point; however, a reduction in the burden of nonfatal MI would in itself be a very desirable objective.     

柳州市7660例成人血脂状况调查

评价柳州市人群中血脂状况,为人群干预作基线调查。整群抽取柳州市常住居民7660例,男性389b4例,女性3766例,年龄39.5±11.0岁,进行血脂、身高、体重、腰围及臀围等指标检测和统计分析。结果发现,男性和女性总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均有随年龄增大而增高的趋势。全组高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇检出率分别为20.76%、26.37%、17.75%及15.59%。男性高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯及高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的检出率分别是女性的1.64、2.86及1.52倍。血脂异常率有随年龄增大而增高的趋势。超重和肥胖显著增高血脂异常率。其中以反映腹部脂肪积聚的腰围对血脂的影响更为显著。结果表明,本组人群中血脂异常率较高,高甘油三酯是最常见的血脂异常类型,腰围增大是影响血脂代谢异常的重要因素。     

姜黄素对食饵性高脂血症大鼠血浆脂蛋白代谢相关酶活性的影响

为了探讨姜黄素降血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化可能的酶学机理．用高脂膳食喂饲Wistar大鼠4周，造成食饵性高脂血症，然后用高、低两种剂量的姜黄素和阳性对照药血脂康、非诺贝特进行实验性治疗。给药3周后处死动物，比较治疗前后血清和肝脏总胆固醇及甘油三酯含量、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量，同时测定血浆卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶、肝素化血浆总脂解酶、脂蛋白脂酶和肝脂酶活性。结果发现，高、低剂量姜黄素、非诺贝特和血脂康均能使血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量降低，降甘油三酯作用高剂量姜黄素和非诺贝特最优，降总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇作用低剂量姜黄素和血脂康最优，高剂量姜黄素和非诺贝特能增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量，同时能降低肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量。高、低剂量姜黄素能显著提高血浆卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶活性．降低血浆游离胆固醇含量，高、低剂量姜黄素和非诺贝特能提高血浆总脂解酶和脂蛋白脂酶活性，高剂量姜黄素还能显著提高肝脂酶活性。结果提示，姜黄素具有明显的降低肝脏和血清脂质的作用，可能与提高血浆脂蛋白代谢相关酶的活性有关。     

Ethnic immunity to coronary heart disease?

Dietary fat intake is often regarded as a major determinant of coronary heart disease (CHD) rate and it has been deemed unnecessary to invoke racial or other factors to explain the differences in CHD rates among different ethnic groups. Despite a high prevalence of CHD risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and smoking, CHD remains a rarity in westernized black Africans. Cord blood total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and apolipoprotein B (apo B) levels were measured and found to be respectively 12.1%, 18.3% and 22.4% lower in black neonates when compared to white neonates. These differences were again studied in a group of young black African males and a comparable group of age-matched whites who had been exposed to the same environment and western diet for at least 2 years. Although the body mass indices and serum albumin concentrations in the adult males were not significantly different, serum levels of TC, LDLC and apo B were 10.7%, 18.7% and 39.7% lower in the blacks, respectively. Furthermore, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and Apolipoprotein AI were 20.2% and 9.5% higher, homocysteine 45.6% lower and coagulation factor VII 26.6% lower in the adult black Africans. It is concluded that blacks are biochemically less responsive to an atherogenic diet than whites and these differences are already present at birth.     

补肾宁心方对去势高脂血症家兔主动脉血管细胞粘附分子1表达的调节

为了探讨补肾宁心方对去势雌兔动脉粥样硬化形成的影响及其可能的机制，将26只3月龄新西兰雌兔随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、去势对照组和治疗组(卵巢切除并灌以补肾宁心中药复方)，除正常对照组外均于术后2周给予高脂饮食，治疗组同时灌胃给药，连续3个月。12周末测定血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平；取主动脉行组织形态学及扫描电镜观察，并应用免疫组织化学方法检测主动脉血管细胞粘附分子1的蛋白表达。结果发现，与去势对照组比较，补肾宁心方对血脂变化无明显影响，但能明显降低主动脉粥样斑块面积与动脉内膜比值，降低内膜中膜厚度比，减轻主动脉病理损害，抑制主动脉血管细胞粘附分子1的蛋白表达。结果提示，补肾宁心方可能通过抑制主动脉血管细胞粘附分子1的表达从而阻止动脉粥样硬化的发生发展。     

当归挥发油对高血脂模型大鼠的降血脂作用及血管内皮保护作用

目的观察当归挥发油对高血脂模型大鼠的降血脂作用及血管内皮保护作用。方法 SD大鼠72只,随机分为正常对照组12只和造模组60只,造模组大鼠高脂饲料喂养并灌胃丙基硫氧嘧啶溶液(50 mg/kg),连续4周,造模成功后随机分为模型对照组、氟伐他汀组(0.5 mg/kg)、当归挥发油(ASVO)高、中、低剂量组(60、30、15mg/kg),每组各12只,连续灌胃给药3周,末次给药60 min后股动脉取血,分离血清,测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)含量,计算动脉粥样硬化指数(AI);分离胸主动脉,10%甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,切片,HE染色观察大鼠胸主动脉内皮形态改变,ELISA法测定大鼠血浆内皮素1(ET-1)、血清一氧化氮(NO)和血浆血管性假血友病因子(v WF)的含量。结果模型大鼠血清TC、LDLC水平及AI显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),当归挥发油高、中剂量能够降低高血脂大鼠血清TC、LDLC水平及AI(P0.05);模型大鼠血浆ET-1和血清v WF水平显著升高、血清NO水平显著下降(P0.01),当归挥发油高、中剂量均能降低血浆ET-1和血清v WF水平(P0.05),升高血清NO水平(P0.01)。光镜下可见模型大鼠胸主动脉内皮结构改变明显,而当归挥发油高、中剂量组病变减轻。结论当归挥发油对高血脂模型大鼠有一定的降脂作用,并能有效改善血管内皮结构的损伤。