外固定支架在骨盆骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨外固定支架在骨盆骨折治疗中的作用和优点. 方法 2002年4月至2008年7月根据Tile分型,分别采用外固定支架固定、牵引+外固定支架固定、内固定+外支架同定三种方法对55例骨盆骨折进行复位固定,以达到骨折复位、骨盆环稳定的目的 . 结果 2例合并有胸腹部多发伤患者术后死亡,2例失访,51例获得平均11个月随访.骨折均获得骨性愈合,下地负重时间6～14周,平均11周.拆外固定支架时间8～14周,平均12周.按刘利民等关于骨盆骨折术后功能评定标准:优33例,良12例,中4例,差2例,优良率为88.2%.2例合并髋臼骨折者术后2年因髋关节骨关节炎行全髋关节置换术;1例因骶髂关节骨关节炎行骶髂关节融合后症状消失;1例伴骶骨骨折患者术后2年出现骶神经损伤症状,CT检查示骶管内骨赘形成,行骶管探查骶赘切除后症状缓解.结论 对于Tile B1、B2型骨折单用外固定支架,C型骨折使用外固定支架结合内固定或牵引治疗,均可达到骨折复位、骨盆环稳定的作用;对多发伤患者,急诊行外固定治疗,可迅速稳定骨盆、减少出血,提高抢救成功率.     

外固定支架在骨盆骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨外固定支架在骨盆骨折治疗中的作用和优点. 方法 2002年4月至2008年7月根据Tile分型,分别采用外固定支架固定、牵引+外固定支架固定、内固定+外支架同定三种方法对55例骨盆骨折进行复位固定,以达到骨折复位、骨盆环稳定的目的 . 结果 2例合并有胸腹部多发伤患者术后死亡,2例失访,51例获得平均11个月随访.骨折均获得骨性愈合,下地负重时间6～14周,平均11周.拆外固定支架时间8～14周,平均12周.按刘利民等关于骨盆骨折术后功能评定标准:优33例,良12例,中4例,差2例,优良率为88.2%.2例合并髋臼骨折者术后2年因髋关节骨关节炎行全髋关节置换术;1例因骶髂关节骨关节炎行骶髂关节融合后症状消失;1例伴骶骨骨折患者术后2年出现骶神经损伤症状,CT检查示骶管内骨赘形成,行骶管探查骶赘切除后症状缓解.结论 对于Tile B1、B2型骨折单用外固定支架,C型骨折使用外固定支架结合内固定或牵引治疗,均可达到骨折复位、骨盆环稳定的作用;对多发伤患者,急诊行外固定治疗,可迅速稳定骨盆、减少出血,提高抢救成功率.     

严重骨盆骨折为主的多发伤45例救治体会

目的总结严重骨盆骨折合并多发伤的救治经验,进一步提高其救治水平。方法2006年11月至2010年12月收治的45例严重骨盆骨折为主的多发伤患者的诊断、抗休克治疗、骨盆外固定器固定、腹膜外填塞、重症监护室（ICU）监护和稳定后骨盆切开复位内崮定。结果45例死亡3例,截瘫2例。结论严重骨盆骨折为主的多发伤患者的早期积极抗休克,早期输血,骨盆外固定器固定,并行腹膜外填塞,多学科合作处理合并伤,是救治严重骨盆骨折合并多发伤的关键。     

腰髂联合外支架固定对骨盆前环伴经骶骨Denis-II骨折的治疗

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腰髂固定联合外固定支架对经骶骨骨折骨盆前后环损伤的手术治疗方法和疗效。方法〓采用后路切开复位腰髂固定联合前路外固定支架治疗经骶骨骨折骨盆前后环损伤病人11例,骨盆骨折tile分型均为Tile-C型,C1型8例,C2型2例,C3型1例。经骶骨骨折Denis分型Ⅱ型。结果〓随访时间11~64月,平均36.4月。均获骨性愈合,Majeed评分平均84分。优6例,良4例,优良率90.9%。术后切口感染1例,外固定架钉道感染1例,清创拆除支架换药后愈合。结论〓腰髂固定联合外固定支架可有效稳定骨盆环,手术创伤小,效果可靠。是治疗经骶骨骨折骨盆前后环损伤的可靠方法。     

重度骨盆骨折合并休克急诊救治探讨

目的探讨重度骨盆骨折合并休克的急诊救治方法并观察疗效。方法我院急诊科接诊的42例闭合性重度骨盆骨折合并休克患者,给予实施急诊救治措施：给予快速补充血容量,其中28例给予应用骨盆外固定支架固定骨盆,11例给予应用外固定支架＋股骨髁上牵引固定骨盆,3例急诊行髂血管探查结扎术。结果37例患者休克纠正、存活,5例患者死亡。结论稳定骨盆环及快速补充血容量是对骨盆骨折并失血性休克患者的有效救治措施,床旁介入性血管栓塞术是救治骨盆骨折合并髂血管损伤的有效方法。     

骨盆骨折腹膜后血肿致急性肾功能衰竭的诊治

目的分析骨盆骨折腹膜后血肿压迫双侧输尿管导致急性肾功能衰竭这种少见并发症的治疗过程,探讨其诊治方法。方法2例肾功能衰竭患者在抗休克成功后行CT检查发现腹膜后血肿,血管数字减影未见髂内动脉及其大分支有活动性出血点。数小时后患者出现无尿,此时测定膀胱内压为3.73kPa,血压稳定（波动在14.0～15.33/8.33～10.0kPa）,连续床旁B超检查显示不断增大的腹膜后血肿和双侧肾积水。急手术行骨盆外固定架固定骨盆和双侧输尿管支架支撑双侧输尿管,术后肾功恢复良好并行二期手术进一步固定骨盆。结果2例术后5～8周复查肾功能未见明显异常,骨盆骨折得到良好固定。结论骨盆骨折腹膜后血肿致急性肾后性肾功能衰竭容易和失血性休克导致的肾功能衰竭混淆,其诊断需要结合B超、CT和临床表现,治疗上应使用输尿管支架支撑双侧输尿管、骨盆外固定支架固定骨盆等联合措施。     

外固定联合有限内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折

目的探究外固定联合有限内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法对27例Tile C型骨盆骨折采用外固定支架联合有限内固定进行治疗,本组27例,25例获得随访,根据Tile分型,C1型17例,C2型8例。结果本组随访时间为6个月~2年,平均1.5年。骨盆骨折复位后根据Tornetta评分标准评价,优12例,良9例,可3例,差1例,总体优良率为84%;术后功能恢复情况采用MaJeed评分系统评价,优11例,良11例,中2例,差1例,总体优良率为88%。结论对于Tile C型骨盆骨折,采用外固定联合有限内固定双重固定不仅可以恢复骨盆环解剖序列的连续性和整体结构的稳定性,而且该方法具有实用、有效、手术创伤小、出血少、外固定支架调整拆卸方便等优点,值得在临床上推广使用。     

19例Tile C型骨盆骨折的诊治

目的总结Tile C型骨盆骨折的诊治经验,以减少病残。方法对19例Tile C型骨盆骨折患者在血流动力学稳定后进行切开复位内固定和（或）外固定支架固定治疗,术后在X线片上测量骨盆骨折分离移位的最大距离。结果患者均获随访,时间12-60个月。骨折均愈合,无畸形愈合,无步态失常,无下肢不等长、骶髋痛或轻微疼痛。按Majeed骨盆骨折功能评分：满意13例,良好4例,差2例。据Matta评定标准,满意13例,良好6例。结论 Tile C型骨盆骨折的诊治应遵循损害控制原则和内脏损伤情况,按骨折类型和骨折是否开放进行切开复位内固定和（或）外固定支架固定。     

腰髂固定联合外固定架技术在Tile C型骨盆骨折救治中的应用

[目的]探讨腰髂固定术联合外固定支架技术治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的临床价值。[方法]对2009年8月~2013年11月收治的13例Tile C型骨盆骨折患者进行腰髂固定术联合外固定支架固定。其中男8例,女5例,年龄17~62岁。致伤原因:车祸伤6例,高处坠落伤4例,挤压伤2例,重物砸伤1例。13例均为Tile C型骨折,其中C1型6例,C2型4例,C3型3例。采用后路椎旁肌间隙入路,复位骨盆环后,椎弓根钉棒系统固定L5椎体及髂后上棘,前路髂前上棘外固定支架固定。[结果]除1例因抢救无效死亡外,11例获得随访,随访时间8~24个月。至术后第12个月随访时,Majeed评分:优8例,良2例,可1例。1例骶尾部伤口感染患者经及时清创和敏感抗生素治疗后痊愈,所有患者未发生假关节形成、内固定或外固定断裂、复位丢失以及有症状的下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症。[结论]腰髂固定术联合外固定支架技术治疗Tile C型骨折,可以恢复骨盆环的完整性,重建腰骶段稳定性,且具有操作简便、并发症少的优点。     

外固定联合有限内固定治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折

目的探讨骨盆外固定架联合有限内固定治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的效果及可行性。方法对15例不稳定型骨盆骨折行骨盆外固定架联合有限内固定治疗，根据Tile分型分类，B2型3例，B3型4例，C1型5例，C2型3例。结果本组15例，1例未获得随访，14例获得平均21．3个月的随访。1例有骶髂关节部疼痛，1例足下垂畸形，其余12例获得骨性愈合，恢复行走功能，无下肢短缩。结论对于不稳定性骨盆骨折，使用骨盆外固定架联合有限内固定既可恢复解剖序列的连续性，又加强了骨盆整体结构的稳定性，两者的互补作用，提供了骨盆生物力学双重固定效应，有利于患者康复。     

Hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture management by advanced trauma life support guidelines results in high mortality

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute outcomes and mortality rates of an Advanced Trauma Life Support guideline approach for managing hemodynamically unstable pelvic ring injuries. We retrospectively reviewed the acute outcomes of 48 consecutive patients with hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures. Patients underwent treatment via the advanced trauma life support protocol, with primary angiography based on trauma surgeon preference. Mean patient age was 51.2 years, with a mean injury severity score of 43.2±14.3. Mean systolic blood pressure was 74.8±16.1 mm Hg at presentation. Patients received an average of 7.0±6.6 units of red blood cells and 4.2±2.3 units of fresh frozen plasma in the first 6 hours. Fourteen patients underwent emergent angiography, and 12 patients were treated with embolization. Mean time to angiography was 3 hours and 55 minutes (range, 2-19 hours). Twenty patients died during hospitalization, with an overall mortality rate of 41.7%; 13 (27.1%) of them died within 24 hours. Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines with angiography are not adequate for the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic ring injuries and result in unacceptably high mortality rates compared with more specific approaches using transfusion protocols and interventions, such as pelvic packing.     

不稳定性骨盆环骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨开放复位内固定治疗不稳定性骨盆环骨折的方法和效果.方法 2001年10月至2006年10月,对78例不稳定骨盆环骨折患者采用切开复位重建钢板内固定和"C"型臂X线机或CT引导下经皮空心螺钉内固定及TSRH系统固定.按照AO分型:B2型3例,B3型4例,C1型12例,C2型34例,C3型25例.患者入院后均在抗休克、输血等治疗的同时急诊用骨盆外固定架暂时固定复位,以稳定病情、减少出血.伤后7～10 d手术,20例前路手术后1周行后路手术,58例为一期前后路同时手术内固定.后路经皮"C"型臂X线机引导下骶髂复合体空心螺钉固定10例,CT引导下经皮空心螺钉固定20例,切开复位TSRH系统固定48例.手术时间2～5 h,平均3 h.结果 术后浅表感染5例,经换药愈合;深部感染2例,经清创引流愈合.3例术中损伤膀胱行及时修补,2例术后发现膀胱损伤行膀胱造瘘后愈合.发生下肢深静脉血栓6例,经溶栓等保守治疗治愈.术前合并骶丛损伤的患者术后3～6个月功能大部分恢复.术后随访6～60个月,平均30个月,无骨折不愈合.下肢长度差异在10 mm内72例,10～20 mm 6例.复位根据Tornetta和Matta评定标准,优58例,良16例,可4例,优良率94.9%.术后功能按照Majeed评分系统,优45例,良20例,可13例,优良率83.3%.结论 对不稳定性骨盆环骨折患者采用前后环切开复位内固定,稳定性好、并发症少,可使患者早期康复.     

Extraperitoneal pelvic packing: a salvage procedure to control massive traumatic pelvic hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: To describe the method of extraperitoneal pelvic packing (EPP), and to assess the impact of EPP on outcome in severely hemodynamically unstable patients after blunt pelvic trauma. METHODS: Of 661 patients treated for pelvic trauma, 18 underwent EPP as part of our protocol with the intent to control massive pelvic bleeding and constituted the study population. Data retrospectively collected from the medical records and from the Ullev?l Trauma Registry included demographics, fracture classification, additional injuries, blood transfusions, surgical interventions, angiographic procedure, physiologic parameters, and survival. RESULTS: Survival rate within 30 days was 72% (13/18), and correlated inversely to the age of the patient (p = 0.038). Only one of the nonsurvivors died of exsanguination. A significant increase in systolic blood pressure (BP) (p = 0.002) was observed immediately after EPP. Angiography performed after EPP was positive for arterial injury in 80% of patients. All types of pelvic ring fractures were represented. CONCLUSIONS: EPP as part of a multi-interventional resuscitation protocol might be life saving in patients with life-threatening pelvic injury who are exsanguinating. However, the high rate of arterial injuries seen after EPP indicates that the procedure should be supplemented with angiography once the patient is sufficiently stabilized to tolerate transportation to the angiography suite.     

改良钉棒系统治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折的生物力学研究

目的 探讨改良钉棒系统治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折,并分析其生物力学性质.方法 在8例尸体骨盆标本上造模成垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折,分别行TOS术式固定、骶髂螺钉固定、改良钉棒系统固定,检测1000 N载荷下骨盆刚度、骨折分离移位距离及局部应变改变.结果 骨盆标本骨折模型采用各种不同固定方式,经生物力学测试,改良钉棒系统在载荷1000 N下刚度(224.3±18.3)N/mm及骨折分离移位距离(1.98±0.24)mm,明显优于骶髂螺钉固定(169.10±17.60)、(8.08±0.71)mm,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),与TOS(233.20±12.90)、(1.62±0.31)mm比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 改良钉棒系统是一种生物力学性能较好的治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的新方法.     

介入栓塞序贯外固定架固定在抢救Tile C型骨盆骨折合并休克患者时的应用价值

目的探讨介入栓塞序贯外固定架固定在抢救Tile C型骨盆骨折合并休克患者时的临床应用价值及应用时机选择。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2018-06抢救的145例Tile C型骨盆骨折合并休克患者,53例在输血、补液扩容、升压等抗休克治疗的同时进行单纯介入栓塞治疗(单纯栓塞组),45例急诊行介入栓塞后序贯行外固定架固定(栓塞后固定组),47例骨科医师确定血压允许情况下行外固定架固定后再介入栓塞治疗(固定后栓塞组)。结果单纯栓塞组21例(39.6%)因休克抢救无效而死亡,栓塞后固定组2例(4.4%)因休克纠正不及时死亡,固定后栓塞组中5例(10.6%)死亡。与单纯栓塞组、固定后栓塞组比较,栓塞后固定组输血量、去甲肾上腺素用量更少,栓塞后4 h血乳酸水平更低,休克纠正时间更短,病死率更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论介入栓塞序贯行外固定架固定既可以控制动脉出血,又可以稳定骨盆环控制静脉出血,具有确切的临床应用价值,符合多发伤救治的损伤控制理念。     

Time to pelvic embolization for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures may affect the survival for delays up to 60 min

Introduction

We evaluated the relationship between survival and time from arrival to angiography for hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic trauma.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients admitted to Fukui Prefectural Hospital with pelvic fractures during a 7.5-year period. Charts were reviewed for age, injury characteristics, injury severity score, systolic blood pressure and heart rate on arrival, base deficit, and the lactate concentration on arrival, transfusion requirement, fracture pattern, the time from hospital arrival to angiography, and the time spent in the angiography suite.

Results

Of a total of 140 patients, 68 patients underwent pelvic angiography and embolization. Of the patients, 24 patients were hemodynamically unstable. The average injury severity score was 41.7. Of the patients, 17 had major ligamentous disruption. The average time from hospital arrival to angiography suite was 76 min. Of the hemodynamically unstable 24 patients, there were 12 deaths (50%). Patients who were embolized within 60 min of arrival had a significantly lower mortality rate (16 vs. 64%; p = 0.04). There was no embolization-related complication and repeat angiography was not required in all patients.

Conclusion

Earlier pelvic embolization within 60 min may affect the survival of hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fracture.     

AO外固定架在不稳定性骨盆骨折中的临床应用

目的探讨AO外固定架对不稳定性骨盆骨折治疗的疗效和经验。方法回顾性分析24例(13例结合内固定治疗)AO外固定架治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折患者,总结该治疗方法的经验及体会。结果除1例因腹腔脏器破裂大量失血在固定后1d死于失血性休克外,其余23例平均随访13个月,按Matta评定标准,优良率达87.5%。结论①多数情况下单纯外固定架可改善骨盆的稳定性,也可作为终极治疗手段,必要时与内固定结合可增加骨盆的稳定性;②单纯外固定架固定可用于绝大多数B型及部分C型骨折的治疗;③对那些严重损伤,骨盆稳定性差,合并有其它脏器损伤患者,急诊期骨盆外固定架治疗效果显著。     

Clinical utility of minimally invasive posterior internal fixation within the pelvic ring using S2 alar iliac screws for unstable pelvic ring fracture

IntroductionPosterior internal fixation for unstable pelvic ring fractures is often associated with complications, including pelvic hemorrhage and gluteal necrosis. Pelvic ring fixation using the S2 alar iliac screw (SAIS) without fixation of the lumbosacral vertebrae may have potential as a novel, minimally invasive technique for treating unstable pelvic ring fractures. The present study compared clinical outcomes in patients who underwent SAIS fixation within the pelvic ring with a historical control group of patients who underwent conventional trans-iliac plate fixation for the treatment of unstable pelvic ring fractures.Materials and methodsThirty-two patients diagnosed with unstable pelvic fractures with sacral fracture or sacroiliac joint fracture dislocation were retrospectively evaluated. Eight consecutive patients underwent trans-iliac plate fixation from April 2012 to March 2015, and 24 consecutive patients underwent SAIS fixation from April 2015 to February 2020. Rates of soft tissue complications, intraoperative blood loss, and intraoperative blood transfusion volume were compared in these two groups.ResultsMean intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in patients who underwent SAIS fixation than in those who underwent trans-iliac plate fixation (141.0 ml vs 315.0 ml; P = 0.027), although there were no between-group differences in intraoperative blood transfusion volume (0.0 ml vs 140 ml; P = 0.105), incidence rate of soft tissue complications (4.2% vs 0%; P = 1.000), and operation time (88.5 min vs 93.0 min; P = 0.862). Bone healing was confirmed in all patients who underwent SAIS fixation without dislocation of the fracture site, whereas one patient who underwent trans-iliac plate fixation experienced a dislocation of the fracture site during follow-up (0% vs 12.5%; P = 0.250).ConclusionsSAIS fixation reduces intraoperative blood loss and ensures bone healing without major complications, including dislocation of the fracture site. SAIS fixation may therefore be an alternative, minimally invasive method of treating unstable pelvic fractures.