应用白芨建立门静脉高压动物模型

目的寻求制作门静脉高压动物模型的最佳方法，并以此为基础从事肝硬化后门静脉血液动力学基础研究。方法以3组共15只兔为动物模型，分别以0.2％、0．4％、0.8％浓度的白芨粉为栓塞材料，开腹注入兔门静脉内，手术前后行门静脉测压、血管造影及病理学检查，最长观察时间阎周.结果以0．4％浓度白芨粉制作门静脉高压模型最佳，4周后肝脏体积缩小20％，门静脉压平均升高40％，病理呈典型坏死后肝硬化表现。结论以白芨粉为栓塞材料制作肝硬化门静脉高压动物模型方法简单、效果可靠已重复性好.以不同浓度的白芨栓塞剂来控制坏死后肝纤维化的程度是本试验的一大特点,本动物模型的建立对深入研究肝硬化门静脉高压的成因及治疗措施有着重要意义。     

门静脉分支栓塞联合肝细胞生长因子应用对肝硬化肝脏再生的实验研究

目的:探讨兔门静脉栓塞(portal vein embolization,PVE)联合肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)应用对肝纤维化模型肝脏再生的作用。方法:20只肝纤维化新西兰大白兔模型,随机分为两组(HGF组,对照组),每组各10只。两组动物均以碘化油无水乙醇乳剂施行保留右下叶门静脉的门静脉栓塞。HGF组在PVE后经门静脉及术后3天经腹腔注射HGF,对照组在PVE后经门静脉及术后3天经腹腔注射生理盐水。PVE后连续随访4-5周,定期复查腹部CT检查,计算肝右下叶增生率。动物处死后行肝组织病理检查,所获数据行统计学分析处理。结果:两组动物PVE均获成功,处死前血管造影显示门静脉主干及部分分支再通。腹部CT检查显示,HGF组肝右下叶占全肝比率增长15.97±2.54%,对照组肝右下叶占全肝比率增长7.65±2.48%,两组间的增生率具有统计学上的显著性差异。结论:PVE联合门静脉及腹腔内注射HGF能明显促进未栓塞肝叶再生。     

海藻酸钠微球与碘化油栓塞治疗兔VX2肝转移瘤对比研究

目的 对比海藻酸钠(KMG)微球与碘化油栓塞治疗兔VX2肝转移瘤模型效果,分析KMG微球栓塞治疗肿瘤的安全有效性及可行性.方法 VX2肿瘤细胞悬液(浓度l×l07/ml)l ml接种新西兰大白兔脾脏,制作兔肝转移瘤模型.50只成功建模的兔模型随机分为3组,A组(n=20)以KMG微球栓塞肝固有动脉,B组(n=20)于以碘化油栓塞肝固有动脉,C组(n=10)未作栓塞.A、B组接种瘤株后15 d作DSA造影及栓塞治疗.分别观察各组模型兔子生存时间(接种VX2瘤株至死亡),栓塞前、栓塞后7d及栓塞后14d测定谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)值,栓塞后7dCT灌注扫描检测瘤灶边缘血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)及肝动脉分数(HAF);兔模型死亡后取肝脏作苏木精-伊红(HE)染色病理切片,镜下观察肿瘤坏死情况.结果 A组KMG微球栓塞剂平均用量为(0.15±0.03)g,B组碘化油栓塞剂平均用量为(1.3±0.4) ml,均无栓塞剂反流.栓塞后7d、14 d血清ALT、AST值,A、B两组均较术前明显升高,C组变化不明显;A、B两组与C组相比,差异均有显著统计学意义(P=0.015,P=0.005),但A、B两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.423).栓塞后7dCT灌注扫描显示,A组BV、BF、HAF值明显低于B组(P=0.003,P=0.002,P＜0.000 1).兔模型生存时间分别为A组(46.28±2.85)d、B组(43.92±2.17)d、C组(33.44±1.86)d,A、B两组均明显长于C组(P=0.001,P=0.004).A、B两组组织病理HE染色显示,癌巢中央可见大片坏死,坏死区中残存瘤细胞核明显固缩.结论 KMG微球作为肿瘤栓塞剂安全有效、可行.KMG微球栓塞治疗兔VX2肝转移瘤效果优于碘化油.     

肠系膜上动脉分支栓塞的实验研究

目的　观察明胶海绵栓塞肠系膜上动脉 (SMA)分支后肠壁缺血改变程度 ,探讨最佳可栓塞动脉级别、最大可耐受栓塞范围以及栓塞剂颗粒的大小。方法　 2 0只犬随机分为 4组 ,采用 3F微导管以明胶海绵 (GEF)作为栓塞材料超选择栓塞肠系膜上动脉分支。A、B两组分别采用直径 5 0 0～ 1 0 0 0μm ,1mm× 2mm的GEF颗粒在SMA二级分支末梢段水平栓塞。C、D两组分别采用 1mm× 2mm的GEF颗粒在 2、3支毗邻的SMA二级分支末梢段水平栓塞。术后 2d处死动物 ,取栓塞动脉供血相应肠段及系膜 ,测量其长度 ,并行大体观察和病理学检查。结果　栓塞技术成功率 1 0 0 %。A组肠壁呈重度缺血坏死性改变。B组肠壁各层未见缺血性改变。C组肠壁各层呈现轻度缺血性改变。D组肠壁缺血呈移行改变。A、B两组栓塞范围的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,B组与C组、C组与D组间栓塞范围差异均有显著性。结论　GEF作为栓塞剂 ,其大小应控制在 1mm× 2mm左右 ,栓塞部位最好选择在末级动脉弓前一级分支末梢 ,最大栓塞范围为相互毗邻的 2支末级动脉弓前一级分支     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合门静脉栓塞对非栓塞肝容积的影响

目的评价肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合门静脉栓塞(PVE)术对非栓塞肝容积的影响。方法21例肝癌患者行TACE后,分别实施门静脉亚段分支(亚段组)、段分支(段组)以及叶分支(叶组)PVE。其中亚段组5例,段组10例,叶组6例(均为肝右叶)。所有患者于PVE前及术后4周均行肝脏CT扫描检查,分别测量肝脏病变区和非栓塞区容积,观察非栓塞肝脏的容积变化。结果非栓塞肝容积的变化与栓塞肝容积显性相关(r=0.752,P<0.01)。亚段组非栓塞肝容积增加率为(2.4±2.7)%,段组为(11.4±6.7)%(P<0.05)以及叶组为(39.8±19.9)%(Ρ<0.01)。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞联合门静脉栓塞术能安全有效地增加非栓塞肝的容积,为肝癌扩大肝切除术的实施提供了一种切实可行的选择。     

介入导人三氧化二砷微球对VX2兔肝肿瘤模型的治疗作用

目的观察介入导入三氧化二砷(As_2O_3)微球对VX2兔肝肿瘤模型的治疗作用。方法新西兰大白兔32只,体重2．3～2．8 kg,制作VX2兔肝肿瘤模型并随机分成4组,每组8只,均经右侧股动脉插管至肝动脉,向肿瘤供血动脉给药:a组动脉灌注组:As_2O_3 3 mg/kg+生理盐水10 ml;b组As_2O_3微球栓塞组:注入As_2O_3 PLGA微球3 mg/kg;c组空白微球栓塞组:注入PLGA微球3 mg/kg;d组为对照组:经肝动脉注入生理盐水10 ml。兔肝肿瘤模型制作后14 d行肝螺旋CT双期动态扫描,根据螺旋CT扫描获得肝内肿瘤影像,测量肿瘤大小,次日行介入治疗,术后第21天处死实验兔后,取出肝脏,测量瘤体大小;肿瘤组织4%甲醛固定,多点取材,HE染色,显微镜检。结果实验兔介入操作均获成功,且均存活。肿瘤平扫呈低密度,与周围正常肝实质分界欠清。增强后动脉期肿瘤强化明显,坏死组织无强化,呈不均匀高密度,肿瘤与周围肝实质分界清楚。门脉期肿瘤呈不均匀低密度,而周围正常肝实质强化明显,术后CT随访d组和a组肿瘤明显增大,中央呈低密度;c组肿瘤有轻度强化,b组肿瘤体积小,呈低密度,边界清楚,强化不明显。各组肿瘤体积术前无统计学差异,术后标本体积测量显示As_2O_3微球栓塞组瘤体最小,a、b、c组与d组间有显著统计学差异(P＜0．05);b组与c组、a组间有显著统计学差异(P＜0．05)。病理检查显示a组和d组肿瘤体积大,呈鱼肉样,质地脆,坏死区位于肿瘤中心区域,白色豆渣样,肿瘤血管丰富;显微镜下肿瘤细胞丰富,巢团状排列,纤维样组织少与正常肝组织分界不清,呈浸润性生长。b组肿瘤体积小,坏死明显,坏死区边缘纤维组织丰富,在纤维组织内可见残存瘤巢。在纤维组织外围见到肝细胞空泡变性,呈片状分布。结论As_2O_3 PLGA微球对VX2兔肝肿瘤有良好的化疗栓塞效果,使用安全。     

胃冠状静脉栓塞术治疗门脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张出血的疗效分析

目的探讨应用胃冠状静脉栓塞术治疗门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张出血的疗效。方法回顾分析1998年7月—2004年2月间,42例门脉高压症患者(栓塞组)行胃冠状静脉栓塞术治疗门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张出血的疗效,并与20例同期仅行贲门周围血管离断术(对照组)的疗效进行比较,分别观察食管及胃底静脉曲张的消除率、再出血率及手术死亡率。结果术后平均随访23.5月,栓塞组再出血率为0,对照组再出血率为25%。两组患者均无死亡。结论胃冠状静脉栓塞术是安全、可靠的,可使贲门周围血管阻断更为彻底,降低复发,从而进一步提高周围血管离断的疗效。     

白细胞介素2葡聚糖微球并碘油栓塞治疗肝癌的动物实验

目的观察白细胞介素2(IL-2)葡聚糖微球并碘油经肝动脉栓塞后、实验兔肝种植瘤灶的坏死程度及其免疫功能的改变。方法20只肝脏载瘤兔,经肝动脉注入IL-2葡聚糖微球并碘油栓塞,栓塞前、后取血测IL-2和sIL-2R,栓塞后1周处死实验兔取瘤灶,进行光、电镜病理学检查,并以空白葡聚糖微球并碘油栓塞行对比观察。结果用药组术后IL-2血浓度明显升高,sIL-2R则明显下降,1周后瘤结节完全坏死,假包膜形成。对照组术后IL-2血浓度回升,sIL-2R下降,瘤结节中心性部分坏死,无假包膜形成。结论IL-2葡聚糖微球组与空白葡聚糖微球组各观察指标的对比分析表明,前者在肿瘤坏死程度、免疫功能促进方面明显优于后者。     

介入导入三氧化二砷微球对VX2兔肝肿瘤模型的治疗作用

目的 观察介入导入三氧化二砷(As2O3)微球对VX2兔肝肿瘤模型的治疗作用.方法 新西兰大白兔32只,体重2.3～2.8 kg,制作VX2兔肝肿瘤模型并随机分成4组,每组8只,均经右侧股动脉插管至肝动脉,向肿瘤供血动脉给药:a组动脉灌注组:As2O3 3 mg/kg 生理盐水10 ml;b组As2O3微球栓塞组:注入As2O3 PLGA微球3 mg/kg;c组空白微球栓塞组:注入PLGA微球3 mg/kg;d组为对照组:经肝动脉注入生理盐水10ml.兔肝肿瘤模型制作后14 d行肝螺旋CT双期动态扫描,根据螺旋CT扫描获得肝内肿瘤影像,测量肿瘤大小,次日行介入治疗,术后第21天处死实验兔后,取出肝脏,测量瘤体大小;肿瘤组织4%甲醛固定,多点取材,HE染色,显微镜检.结果 实验兔介入操作均获成功,且均存活.肿瘤平扫呈低密度,与周围正常肝实质分界欠清.增强后动脉期肿瘤强化明显,坏死组织无强化,呈不均匀高密度,肿瘤与周围肝实质分界清楚.门脉期肿瘤呈不均匀低密度,而周围正常肝实质强化明显,术后CT随访d组和a组肿瘤明显增大,中央呈低密度;c组肿瘤有轻度强化,b组肿瘤体积小,呈低密度,边界清楚,强化不明显.各组肿瘤体积术前无统计学差异,术后标本体积测量显示As2O3微球栓塞组瘤体最小,a、b、c组与d组间有显著统计学差异(P＜0.05);b组与c组、a组间有显著统计学差异(P＜0.05).病理检查显示a组和d组肿瘤体积大,呈鱼肉样,质地脆,坏死区位于肿瘤中心区域,白色豆渣样,肿瘤血管丰富;显微镜下肿瘤细胞丰富,巢团状排列,纤维样组织少与正常肝组织分界不清,呈浸润性生长.b组肿瘤体积小,坏死明显,坏死区边缘纤维组织丰富,在纤维组织内可见残存瘤巢.在纤维组织外围见到肝细胞空泡变性,呈片状分布.结论 As2O3 PLGA微球对VX2兔肝肿瘤有良好的化疗栓塞效果,使用安全.     

暂时阻断肝静脉行动脉化疗栓塞治疗栓塞治疗大鼠移植性肝肿瘤

目的　观察暂时阻断肝静脉行肝动脉化疗栓塞术 (TACE -THVO)的疗效 ,对比阿霉素碘油 ,无水乙醇碘油化疗栓塞剂对移植瘤的作用。方法　建立 75只肝内移植性肝癌大鼠模型 ,随机将其分为 5组 ,设立对照 ,暂时阻断肝静脉后 ,用 2种不同的化疗药物碘油栓塞剂行肝动脉化疗栓塞术。 1周后 ,处死实验大鼠 ,观察大体标本与光镜下苏木素 -伊红染色病理切片的移植瘤缩小和坏死状况 ;苏丹Ⅲ染色切片光镜及扫描电镜观察药物碘油栓塞剂沉积部位与瘤细胞超微结构改变。结果　经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗各组瘤灶体积均缩小。TACE -THVO试验组的肿瘤生长率小于未阻断肝静脉行肝动脉化疗栓塞的对照组 ;试验组肿瘤坏死范围和门静脉碘油沉积例数高于对照组 ;应用阿霉素碘油栓塞剂行肝动脉化疗栓塞术组的肿瘤坏死范围小于用无水乙醇碘油栓塞剂组 ;试验组中肿瘤细胞粗面内质网出现空泡变性 ,瘤细胞核内出现脂滴样物质 ,细胞核崩解。结论　用无水乙醇碘油做化疗栓塞剂经肝动脉栓塞移植性肝癌 ,其肿瘤的坏死范围高于用阿霉素碘油栓塞剂 ,TACE -THVO有可能成为治疗肝癌的一种有效方法。     

Portal vein embolization with use of a new liquid embolic material: an experimental study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new liquid embolic material in portal vein embolization (PVE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A new embolic material (Embol) was percutaneously injected into the left portal vein of 13 swine, using a balloon catheter to prevent reflux. The swine were killed immediately (n = 6), 2 weeks (n = 4), and 4 weeks (n = 3) after the PVE, and the volumes of the right and left lobes were measured. The changes in body temperature, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (formerly SGOT), alanine aminotrasferase (ALT) (formerly SGPT), and bilirubin levels after the PVE were studied, and the histopathologic changes in the embolized and nonembolized lobes were examined with light microscopy. RESULTS: The average volume ratio of the right:left lobe immediately after the PVE was 55(+/-2):45(+/-1), and changed to 71(+/-3):29(+/-3) at 2 weeks and 82(+/-3):18(+/-3) at 4 weeks after embolization. There were only mild changes in AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels, and only one pig showed a significant elevation in body temperature after PVE. Microscopically, the embolized lobe showed contraction of hepatocyte without any sign of necrosis and the nonembolized lobe expansion of hepatocyte. CONCLUSIONS: The new embolic material seems effective and safe for PVE.     

Experimental studies of intrahepatic portal vein embolization and embolic materials

The author has developed the intrahepatic portal vein embolization for the treatment of liver cancers. The purposes of this new method are 1) extension of indications for surgery by causing compensatory hypertrophy of non-embolized lobe, 2) prevention of dissemination of the tumor cells via the portal vein, 3) causing complete ischemic necrosis of the tumor together with arterial embolization, and 4) blockade of centripetal extension of tumor thrombus. The feasibility and safety of this method were studied experimentally. Three kings of materials were prepared for embolization of the portal vein; a Lipiodol-thrombin mixture (Lp-T), a Lipiodol-fibrin adhesive mixture (Lp-F), and a mixture of Lipiodol with isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Lp-IBC). The portal vein was embolized in 31 dogs, 6 with Lp-T, 14 with Lp-F, and 11 with Lp-IBC. Lp-F was used 30 to 90 seconds after preparation, which had been found to be best in an in vitro study. Lp-T and Lp-IBC could be used at any time after preparation. Embolization was done safely and reliably, except in two cases of Lp-F, by use of a balloon catheter for Lp-T or Lp-F and a coaxial catheter for Lp-IBC. Follow-up portography showed recanalization in one week in the dogs embolized with Lp-T. The obstruction was maintained for two to four weeks in the dogs embolized with Lp-F, and for four weeks in all dogs embolized with Lp-IBC. Damage in the liver was slight both macroscopically and histologically. Changes in liver function and elevation of the pressure of the portal vein were transient. The author concluded that the intrahepatic portal vein embolization was both feasible and safe when the materials tested were used, and could be an effective method for liver cancers. In clinical cases, Lp-T would be suitable for short-term occlusion, Lp-F for a moderate term, and Lp-IBC for long-term. The material should be selected with regard to the purpose.     

A Water-Based Liquid Embolic: Evaluation of its Safety and Efficacy in a Rabbit Kidney Model

PurposeTo evaluate a novel aqueous-based liquid embolic (Embrace Hydrogel Embolic System, [HES]) that has been developed to embolize hypervascular tumors by filling the tumor vascular bed and solidifying into a hydrogel. HES was evaluated for embolization safety and efficacy relative to microspheres in a preclinical rabbit kidney model.Materials and MethodsA renal embolization model in New Zealand white rabbits was utilized. Twenty-four rabbits underwent unilateral kidney embolization via the main renal artery with either HES or 40-μm microspheres. Twenty-two rabbits survived the procedure and were monitored for 2, 12, 17.5, or 26 weeks before sacrifice. All rabbits underwent a repeat renal angiogram before necropsy. HES was evaluated for nontarget embolization, safety, and embolization effectiveness as measured by recanalization and viability of embolized tissue.ResultsBoth embolization materials were found to be safe, with targeted tissue necrosis and absence of nontarget embolization. Prenecropsy angiograms found vascular recanalization in 0/14 (0%) HES-embolized kidneys and in 3/8 (38%) microsphere-embolized kidneys (P = .036). Viable kidney tissue was observed in 2/14 (14%) kidneys embolized with HES and 5/8 (63%) kidneys embolized with microspheres (P = .052). All kidneys embolized with microspheres that showed vascular recanalization had viable tissue on histological sections. HES was observed in vessels as small as 10 μm in diameter in histological analysis.ConclusionsHES provided deep, durable vascular bed embolization that resulted in less recanalization and, on an average, less viable target tissue compared with 40-μm microspheres. No systemic effects or nontarget tissue embolization was identified.     

无水酒精-碘化油乳剂门静脉栓塞的实验研究

目的：研究无水酒精－碘化油乳剂的最佳配比及其在门静脉栓塞中的有效性和安全性。方法：健康的Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠90只,随机数字表完全随机化分成9组,每组10只,剖腹细针穿刺门静脉主干。每组以0．5ml/kg的剂量分别缓慢注入：单纯无水酒精,4∶1、3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4无水酒精－碘化油乳剂,单纯碘化油（以下按顺序称为第1～9组）。分别于栓塞后第3、7、21天处死大鼠,观察栓塞效果,根据栓塞灶占肝脏表面积分成无、轻度、中度、重度4级,记录各等级大鼠只数,行Ridit分析。同时测定肝功能的变化。结果：栓塞效果第1～5诸组与第7～9诸组比较,P＜0．05;第1～3组与第6组比较,P＜0．05;第1、2组与第6组比较,P＜0．05。结论：以3∶1的无水酒精－碘化乳剂作门静脉栓塞,能达到与单纯无水酒精同样的栓塞效果,且更安全。     

Coil volume embolization ratio for preventing recanalization after portal vein embolization

PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimum volume embolization ratio (VER) for the prevention of recanalization after portal vein embolization (PVE) and the influence of recanalization on future liver remnant (FLR) function using technetium-99m galactosyl human serum albumin single-photon emission computed tomography (^99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT) fusion imaging.METHODSWe analyzed procedural data of 18 patients who underwent PVE from 2015 to 2018. A total of 29 portal branches were embolized (12 anterior branch, 11 posterior branch, 4 left branch, 2 right branch) with absolute ethanol and coils. Portal vein recanalization was evaluated three weeks after PVE by contrast-enhanced CT. We classified the treated portal branches as non-recanalized and recanalized. VER was compared between the groups. In addition, for each patient, we calculated and evaluated the ratio of FLR volume to total liver volume (volumetric %FLR), FLR count to total liver count on ^99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT fusion imaging (functional %FLR), and functional-volumetric ratio (functional %FLR/ volumetric %FLR).RESULTSTwenty-six portal branches showed no recanalization (non-recanalized group, n=26, 89.7%), while three portal branches showed recanalization (recanalized group, n=3, 10.3%). The median VER was 4.94% (3.12%–11.1%) in the non-recanalized group and 3.49% (2.76%–4.32%) in the recanalized group, which was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.045, Mann–Whitney U test). The median functional-volumetric ratio was 1.16 (1.03–1.50) in non-recanalized patients (n=15, 83.3%) and 1.01 (0.96–1.13) in recanalized patients (n=3, 16.7%), and it was significantly higher in the non-recanalized patients (p = 0.021, Mann–Whitney U test).CONCLUSIONThe VER for preventing recanalization after PVE was approximately 5% (> 4.94%). ^99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT fusion imaging revealed a decrease in FLR function due to recanalization after PVE.

Patients with malignant hepatic cancer are often treated by hepatectomy for tumor removal. The safety of major hepatectomy can be increased by inducing compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining liver through portal vein embolization (PVE) (1). Many reports have supported the clinical use of PVE before major hepatectomy. However, satisfactory embolization of the hepatic portal branches is necessary before performing extended hepatectomy, because partial PVE and recanalization after PVE can result in insufficient hypertrophy of the remaining liver after surgery. However, there is no obvious endpoint during embolization because portal vein flow is lost after PVE.Prediction of remaining liver function after hepatectomy has been reported to be facilitated by the use of technetium-99m galactosyl human serum albumin single-photon emission computed tomography (^99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT) fusion imaging, which is also useful for identifying hepatectomy candidates (2–7). However, the influence of recanalization on future liver remnant (FLR) function has not been evaluated in previous studies.Therefore, we conducted the present retrospective clinical study to evaluate the optimum coil volume embolization ratio (VER) for prevention of recanalization after PVE and the influence of recanalization on FLR function.     

晚期肝癌伴门脉癌栓的介入治疗

本文回顾性分析了１９例晚期肝癌伴门脉癌栓病人的介入治疗疗效和肝动脉栓塞的安全性。结果显示１９例中有１３例肿瘤不同程度的缩小，全部是经加用碘油或明胶抽栓塞肝动脉的病例。在抗癌药物加碘油，明胶海棉栓塞的肝动脉组中，９例门脉显像者仅１例ＡＬＴ和ＡＳＴ升高，而３例门脉未显影者全部升高。因此作者认为：对伴有门脉癌栓的晚期肝癌，只要间接门脉造影显示门静脉，亦应加用碘油和明胶海绵栓塞肝动脉，但对门脉未显影者，用     

碘油磁液经肝动脉栓塞热疗兔VX2肝癌的实验研究

目的 探讨碘油磁液经肝动脉栓塞热疗术对荷瘤兔肝、肾功能的影响及其疗效.方法 VX2兔肝癌模型32只,数字表法随机等分成4组:碘油磁液栓塞热疗组(A组)、碘油磁液栓塞组(B组)、单纯碘油栓塞组(C组)、对照组(D组).A、B两组实验兔经肝动脉注入碘油磁液0.5～0.8 ml栓塞病灶,C组实验兔仅用碘油栓塞.栓塞后仅A组实验兔在交变磁场下诱导热疗.实验兔分别于栓塞或栓塞热疗术前1 d和术后1、7、14 d经耳缘静脉取血,行肝、肾功能检查.肝功能指标选取丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST),肾功能指标选取血清尿素氮(BUN)和血清肌酐(Cr).栓塞术前、术后即刻、术后7、14 d行CT扫描并随访,观察碘油磁液或碘油在瘤内沉积分布情况并分别测量肿瘤大小.术后14 d处死实验兔,完整切取肝脏、脾、肾和肺,作病理检查.各组测量数据以重复测量方差分析进行统计学分析.结果 A组实验兔术前1 d和术后1、7、14 d ALT分别为(43.9±19.0)、(795.1±327.1)、(67.0±9.3)、(41.9±10.8)U/L,AST分别为(50.2±13.6)、(1011.2±655.9)、(62.4±24.1)、(51.6±7.9)U/L;B组ALT分别为(45.0±19.1)、(580.8±160.4)、(67.2±31.0)、(47.6±7.8)U/L,AST分另U为(52.9±20.3)、(735.2±186.1)、(57.9±24.8)、(50.9±9.8)U/L;C组ALT分别为(47.4±14.6)、(558.5±167.8)、(63.5±21.9)、(48.0.±9.3)U/L,AST分别为(51.8±9.5)、(752.5±112.0)、(56.5 ±20.6)、(51.4±8.6)U/L;术后1 dALT和AST较术前和D组明显升高(P值均<0.01),术后7、14 d所测值与术前比较差异无统计学意义.栓塞术前后4组实验兔BUN和Cr值组间和组内比较,差异均无统计学意义.术后7 d CT示A、B、C 3组瘤区碘油磁液和碘油沉积分布与栓塞或栓塞热疗前相比无明显变化.术后14 d CT示A组瘤区碘油磁液沉积更集中、密实,B、C两组共5例肿瘤瘤周碘油磁液或碘油移位、部分消失.术后14 d,A组肿瘤体积[(6.1±0.6)cm~3]较术前[(7.8±1.4)cm~3]平均缩小约21.7%(F=17.56,P<0.01),而术前B、C两组肿瘤体积分别为(7.9±1.1)、(7.8±0.9)cm~3,治疗后14 d分别为(9.1±0.8)、(9.3±1.0)cm~3,较术前平均增大16.2%、18.9%(F值分别为25.23、55.50,P值均<0.01).病理检查,栓塞14 d后,A组肿瘤坏死均达80%以上,B、C两组肿瘤坏死约30%~50%.结论 碘油磁液对兔VX2肝癌行选择性肝动脉栓塞热疗是安全有效的,具有可行性.     

Biocompatibility and Recanalization Characteristics of Hydrogel Microspheres with Polyzene-F as Polymer Coating

The objective of this study was to evaluate inflammatory response and recanalization after embolization with a new spherical embolic agent based on a core and shell design with a hydrogel core of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and a Polyzene-F nanoscale coating in a porcine kidney model. Thirty-six minipigs were enrolled for superselective renal embolization. Polyzene-F-coated PMMA particles and uncoated PMMA particles with a diameter of 300-600 mum were used. Either 4 or 12 weeks post-embolization, arteriography of the embolized kidneys was performed and then compared with pre- and immediate post-embolization arteriograms using a specific recanalization score to determine the extent of recanalization. Using a microscopic inflammation score (Banff classification), the embolized organs were examined for local inflammatory effects which occurred in response to the embolic agent. In Polyzene-F-coated particles, the Banff classification showed an average inflammation score of 0.26 +/- 0.58 at 4 weeks and of 0.08 +/- 0.28 at 12 weeks. In uncoated particles, the Banff score measured 0.37 +/- 0.6 at 4 weeks, which was higher, but without a statistically significant difference. According to the recanalization score used in this study, mild angiographic recanalization was evident in all groups, without statistically significant differences (3.0 +/- 0.71 in coated particles, 3.09 +/- 0.81 in uncoated particles; p = 0.74). We conclude that both uncoated hydrogel particles and Polyzene-F-coated embolic agents triggered virtually no inflammatory response and effectively occluded target arteries. This study demonstrates good biocompatibility of the new embolic material. As in other spherical embolic agents, recanalization can occur to some degree.     

门静脉阻断兔肝VX2移植瘤的DSA评价

目的评价DSA在兔肝VX2移植瘤经门静脉阻断后显示肝动脉与门静脉的价值。方法20只新西兰大白兔随机分为移植瘤体生长3周后门静脉阻断组和移植瘤体未行门静脉阻断对照组,2周后分别行兔肝动脉与门静脉DSA检查。结果DSA在肝动脉分支的显示效果上较血管灌注好,实验组肝左外叶肿瘤组织可见少许肝动脉供血。肝左外叶门静脉分支结扎(PBL)者均能被DSA证实。结论DSA可直观地显示兔肝动脉与门静脉的空间解剖细节,在兔肝门静脉阻断效果的评价中起着重要作用。     

门静脉阻断下自制在体冷灌注液对肝脏保护作用的研究

目的 研究经门静脉在体灌注自制灌注液对长时间门静脉阻断下肝脏的保护作用.方法 采用人造血管,在肠系膜上静脉、肝下下腔静脉间架桥,建立猪临时性肠腔分流模型.21头巴马猪分3组,门静脉阻断2 h,A组不灌注、B组灌注乳酸林格液、C组灌注自制灌注液,监测各组动物术中HR、MAP,对比观察3组动物2 w存活率,在阻断前、复流前、复流2 h、术后1、3、5 d检测ALT、AST、TBIL的变化;对应时相点切取肝组织,在光镜、电镜下观察肝脏病理变化.结果 3组动物存活率均为100%,C组ALT、AST、肝组织形态学变化明显较A、B两组轻.结论 自制保护液能安全进入体循环.经门静脉在体灌注自制灌注液对因门静脉血流长时间阻断导致的肝缺血再灌注损伤具有良好的保护作用.自制灌注液的肝保护作用明显优于乳酸林格液.