贵州省2007年麻疹实验室网络运转状况分析

目的评价贵州省2007年麻疹实验室网络（Measles Laboratory Network,MLN）运转情况。方法对贵州省2007年MLN的检测结果和麻疹监测系统（Measles Surveillance System,MSS）的数据进行分析。结果①血清学监测：贵州省2007年MSS共报告疑似麻疹1645例,其中1454例采集了血标本,标本采集率88.4%。麻疹病例915例,其中临床诊断191例,实验室确诊724例（占79.1%）。28起麻疹爆发中27起经实验室证实,占96.4%。监测健康人群血清麻疹IgG标本726份,阳性率70.3%,几何平均滴度为1：492.6。②病毒学监测：2007年共收集35份咽拭子或尿液标本,分离到11株麻疹病毒,经鉴定为H1a基因亚型。③MLN质量控制：2007年省疾病预防控制中心（CDC）麻疹实验室通过了中国CDC病毒病预防控制所国家麻疹实验室组织的职能考核、再证实试验及现场认证;9个地区级CDC麻疹实验室通过了省CDC组织的职能考核和现场认证,全省复核血清标本215份,202份与省CDC结果一致,符合率为94.0%。结论贵州省2007年MLN运转良好,并建立了比较健全的质量控制体系,在麻疹监测中发挥重要作用。     

上海市松江区2005年麻疹流行病学分析

松江区麻疹发病率自1982年以来一直保持<10/10万,而2005年达到48.76/10万。为掌握松江区麻疹发病动态,提高监测系统敏感性、及时性和准确性,现将2005年松江区麻疹监测情况分析如下。1材料与方法1.1资料来源松江区麻疹监测系统的疑似麻疹病例个案调查表、旬报表、麻疹爆发情况汇总表、主动监测表;市、区疾病预防控制中心(CDC)麻疹实验室的血清学检验结果。1.2方法麻疹血清学检测采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)捕捉法检测早期血清IgM抗体,试剂由上海市CDC购得,由珠海经济特区海泰生物制药有限公司生产。病例诊断分类标准按卫生部《麻疹诊…     

北京市西城区2011—2014年麻疹疑似病例血清学检测

目的了解北京市西城区麻疹疑似病例的血清学检测情况,为麻疹的监测与预防提供依据。方法分析2011-2014年北京市西城区麻疹疑似病例200份血标本的检测结果及年龄分布情况。结果2011-2014年麻疹疑似病例血清学检测阳性率为32.50%（65/200）;各年份血清学检测阳性率分别为12.00%、4.35%、33.90%和44.09%;不同年份血清学检测阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。200例麻疹疑似病例中,＜5岁组65例,血清学检测阳性率为35.38%;＞24岁组97例,血清学检测阳性率为34.02%;31例接种疫苗,接种率为15.50%;IgM抗体阳性病例疫苗接种率（3.08%）低于IgM抗体阴性病例（21.48%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论2011-2014年北京市西城区麻疹血清检测阳性率2012年降低,然后逐年上升,5岁以下儿童通过麻疹疫苗免疫接种麻疹将得到控制,为实现消除麻疹的计划,有效控制和预防成人麻疹发病具有重要意义。     

新泰市1997～2001年麻疹流行资料分析

自麻疹疫苗普种以来 ,新泰市麻疹发病率大幅度下降 ,但个别年份局部地区仍有暴发疫情。为探讨麻疹流行规律 ,对控制和消灭麻疹提供科学依据 ,对新泰市 1997～ 2 0 0 1年麻疹有关资料进行分析。1　资料与方法新泰市 1997～ 2 0 0 1年麻疹疫情资料来自法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测专报系统。对麻疹疑似病例进行麻疹血清学检测。采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ＥＬＩＳＡ)捕捉法检测麻疹ＩｇＭ抗体 ,结果由泰安市麻疹检测实验室提供。病例诊断与分类按卫生部下发的《全国麻疹监测方案 (试行 )》。2　结果2 1　流行病学特征2 1 1　病例分类　 1997～ …     

北京市昌平区２０１３－２０１４年麻疹监测 患者血清学与病原学检测结果分析

摘要：目的　分析麻疹监测患者血清学与病原学检测结果,为麻疹监测患者的早期诊断提供实验室支持。 方法　选取２０１３年１月至２０１４年１２月,北京市昌平区报告的麻疹监测患者,进行血清学和病原学方法检 测。结果　２０１３年,北京市昌平区报告麻疹监测患者血清学阳性率４１．８９％ （３１／７４）, 病原学阳性率 ７２．９７％ （５４／７４）,差异有统计学意义（χ ２ ＝１４．６２０,犘＝０．０００）。２０１４ 年报告监测患者血清学阳性率 ４９．５４％ （１６０／３２３）,病原学阳性率７０．５５％ （２３０／３２６）,差异有统计学意义（χ ２ ＝２８．９８０,犘＝０．０００）。 血清样本采集"疹６ｄ阳性率７６．９２％ （１０／１３）,３ｄ阳性率７５．００％ （３０／４０））;采集"疹当日病原学样本 的阳性检出率最高,８５．７１％ （１８／２１）。血清样本检测灵敏度为６１．０４％ （１８８／３０８）,病原学样本检测灵敏 度为９１．２３％ （２８１／３０８）。结论　麻疹监测患者进行病原学检测阳性率、灵敏度高于血清学检测,更适合 作为常规麻疹监测工作的首选采样方法。就诊当日对麻疹监测患者采集咽拭子样本,"疹３～６ｄ后采集血 清样本。 关键词：麻疹;血清学;病原学;咽拭子;血清样本;阳性率 中图分类号：Ｒ１８１．３　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１７）１０ ０７６１ ０４     

2010年河南省麻疹流行病学特征与消除麻疹工作进展

目的分析2010年河南省麻疹流行病学特征,并总结全省消除麻疹工作进展状况。方法对全省麻疹发病情况及采取的消除麻疹措施进行描述流行病学分析。结果全省2010年麻疹报告发病率为23.72/100万,较2009年下降75.70%,为历史最低水平。驻马店、南阳、信阳、洛阳、商丘5个地市病例数占全省病例总数的58.71%。年龄别发病率以<1岁组最高(74.34/10万),其次是1岁组、2岁组、3岁组和4岁组。全省2010年排除麻疹病例报告发病率0.94/10万,疑似麻疹病例48 h内完整调查率89.08%,散发疑似麻疹病例血标本采集率75.67%,血清学检测结果 7日内报告率78.55%,麻疹爆发13起,其血清学确诊比例91.67%,采集病原学标本的起数占8.33%。结论全省消除麻疹取得显著进展,应继续做好麻疹减毒活疫苗常规免疫和重点地区集中查漏补种,切实提高麻疹监测系统运转质量,做好麻疹疫情的调查与处置。     

河北省1999～2003年麻疹监测分析

目的　客观评价河北省麻疹监测系统现状。方法　对 1 999～ 2 0 0 3年麻疹流行病学和实验室监测工作进行了分析。结果　河北省麻疹监测系统的灵敏性较高 ,个案调查质量有明显改善 ,主要监测指标已达较高水平 ,麻疹病例标本采集率和血清学诊断率提高明显 ,说明监测系统的运转质量在逐步提高。同时 ,对如何提高病例报告的及时性 ,提高个案调查中免疫史的获得率 ,提高市级卫生防疫站麻疹实验室的血清学诊断率等问题进行了探讨。结论　河北省要加速控制麻疹 ,今后应继续做好麻疹监测和麻疹疫苗免疫接种     

常住与流动人口麻疹免疫水平监测

为了掌握成都市健康人群麻疹免疫水平，为控制和消除麻疹提供科学依据，于１９９８年对市区及远郊城镇监测了部份常住与流动人口低年龄组儿童的麻疹抗体水平，结果如下。１材料与方法以低年龄组（３～７岁）儿童作为监测对象，对监测者采集耳垂血约０．４ｍｌ，分出血清，５６℃３０分钟灭活，－２０℃保存待检。用血凝抑制试验检测血抑抗体，试剂由四川省卫生防疫站提供，以滴度１：２为阳性，≥１：３２具有保护水平。２结果２．１市区常住与流动人口儿童麻疹抗体水平监测结果（表１）常住与流动儿童麻疹抗体水平比较，保护率无显著差异（…     

盲样考核菌株在食源性疾病监测中的质量控制

目的了解验证基层疾病预防控制中心（简称疾控中心）在食源性疾病监测中的检测能力,增强疾控中心对卫生社会性事件反应能力。方法依据GB4789-2003《食品卫生国家标准食品卫生检验方法》、《全国食品污染物监测网致病菌检验技术手册》和《卫生防疫细菌检验》对湖北省卫生监督检验所下发的4份盲样菌株进行检验。结果检测结果符合率为100%。结论十堰市疾控中心检验检测能力在不断提高,能够在疾病监测中快速准确地提供科学的检测依据。     

枣庄市2000～2001年麻疹病例资料分析

为了解枣庄市麻疹流行病学特征 ,为防治工作提供科学依据 ,对 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年报告的 5 7例麻疹病例资料进行分析。1　资料与方法　　麻疹病例资料来自枣庄市卫生防疫站法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测专报系统。 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年报告的 5 7例病人均经个案调查 ,采集早期血清用抗体捕捉ELISA法检测麻疹与风疹IgM抗体 ,检测试剂由山东省卫生防疫站提供。其中的 35例病人按照山东省麻疹血清学最终分类标准确诊为麻疹病人。2　结果2 1　病例分布　 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年合计报告麻疹疑似病例 5 7例 ,确诊 35例 ,无死亡病例。其中薛城…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.