29例颈部坏死性筋膜炎临床分析

目的：探讨颈部坏死性筋膜炎的临床特点及治疗经验。方法：29例颈部坏死性筋膜炎患者均经CT检查确诊,其中12例行气管切开并行颈侧切开排脓探查术,另17例仅行颈侧切开排脓探查术,术中颈部脓肿切开引流,术后冲洗换药并进行抗感染治疗。结果：28例患者治愈出院,1例死亡。其中有2例并发颈内静脉血栓,4例并发纵隔感染,后经治疗后痊愈。随访半年无复发病例。结论：颈部坏死性筋膜炎患者确诊后应尽早采取手术探查,行颈部脓肿切开引流治疗,可获得满意疗效,并有助于预防严重并发症。     

感染性先天性耳前瘘管病理组织学观察

目的：探讨感染性先天性耳前瘘管的病理组织学特点，为降低术后复发率、改进手术方法提供依据。方法：收集感染性耳前瘘管患者25例，其中有感染史非感染期患者14例，处于感染期患者9例，术后复发再手术者2例。手术时整块切除瘘管组织及瘢痕组织。观察分析手术标本并行连续病理切片。结果：①大体形态：有感染史非感染期的手术标本近端为瘘管组织，保持瘘管原有形态，中远端为暗红色实性瘢痕组织；处于感染期的手术标本近端为瘘管组织，远端为肉芽组织和瘢痕组织包绕形成的脓腔，瘘管与脓腔不相交通；术后复发的标本为多囊性肿物，呈典型的哑铃状外观。②组织学观察：有感染史非感染期者和术后复发者镜下可见瘘管远端走行不连续，呈多个束状管腔，管腔之间被条索状纤维组织分隔；处于感染期者镜下除上述表现外，脓腔周围可见新生的毛细血管及浆细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润。③随访6～12个月，无复发。结论：感染性先天性耳前瘘管组织被瘢痕组织分隔为多段，互不相通，瘘管内注射美蓝等示踪剂无法完整显示瘘管的走行，故单纯依靠示踪剂切除瘘管易致残留。整块切除瘘管组织及瘢痕组织是防止瘘管上皮残留的有效手段，可降低术后复发率。     

发生于耳鼻咽喉部的原发性神经内分泌癌4例

目的：探讨发生于耳鼻咽喉部的原发性神经内分泌癌的的病理、临床特性及治疗方法；方法：喉非典型类癌1例，行会厌切除术；鼻咽部非典型类癌1例。行放疗；中耳类癌1例，行右中耳探查及乳突根治术；右鼻腔小细胞神经内分泌癌1例，行鼻右侧切开肿瘤切除术及放疗。结果：喉非典型类癌及鼻咽部非典型类癌患者分别于5年和1年后死亡；中耳类癌患者随访3年右耳术腔干洁；右鼻腔小细胞神经内分泌癌随访2年未见复发。结论：发生于耳鼻咽喉部的原发性神经内分泌癌可分为类癌、非典型类癌、小细胞神经内分泌癌。类癌为低度恶性。小细胞神经内分泌癌为高度恶性，非典型类癌介于二者之间。治疗以手术切除为主．     

后鼻孔息肉的临床类型和诊断及鼻内镜手术

目的探讨后鼻孔息肉的临床类型、诊断及鼻内镜手术的方法和效果。方法总结1998年1月至2005年12月收治的34例后鼻孔息肉患者的临床资料，分析其发病方式、来源、临床表现、与鼻窦的关系以及鼻内镜手术技巧和疗效。结果①18例发病源于鼻窦囊肿或息肉，其中上颌窦17例，后筛窦1例；②5例发病分别源于鼻囟门或蝶筛隐窝、蝶窦口黏膜，同侧上颌窦或蝶窦积脓或黏膜水肿；③11例发病分别源于中鼻甲、钩突、嗅沟鼻中隔和筛泡前壁黏膜，邻近的鼻窦正常；④全部病例均行鼻内镜手术切除后鼻孔息肉及相应鼻窦开放，术后无复发。结论①建议诊断后鼻孔息肉应分为窦内型、鼻窦阻塞型和单纯型三种临床类型，遵循以临床类型为依据的手术原则，选择合理的术式和范围；②鼻内镜和鼻一鼻窦CT检查可以在术前明确后鼻孔息肉的诊断和临床类型；③鼻内镜手术治疗后鼻孔息肉准确、微创，彻底切除息肉蒂基部，防止复发。     

Balloon sinuplasty,an initial assessment: 10 cases,results and follow-up

Introduction and aims: Balloon sinuplasty has been the object of recent discussions and papers. It is believed that the use of these tools can bring benefits, when compared with traditional endoscopic sinus surgery. Although there already are papers on the efficacy of this new instrument in the literature, there is no study in our country with a series of cases and follow-up of patients undergoing sinuplasty. Our study aims to review the information of 10 patients who underwent balloon sinuplasty, alone or in combination, discussing the indications, complementary therapy and follow up evaluation.Methodretrospective study.ResultsOf 10 patients, 6 were males and 4 females. Their ages ranged from 7 to 58 years. All patients had chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, of which 8 are associated with allergic disease. 3 patients underwent sinuplasty only, and 7 had other procedures done during the same procedure. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 7 months. Of the 10 patients, 9 showed symptoms improvement in imaging studies.Conclusionsinuplasty was successfully performed in all patients, without major technical difficulties or complications. This instrument can become an alternative surgical treatment for some groups of patients.     

Well-differentiated,pedunculated liposarcoma of the hypopharynx

IntroductionLiposarcoma of the hypopharynx is extremely rare, as only 28 cases have been reported in the literature. The cardinal symptom of liposarcoma is progressively worsening dysphagia.Case reportThe authors report the case of a 71-year-old man who presented with dysphagia, marked weight loss over several weeks and an episode of exteriorization of a solid mass from the mouth during an episode of vomiting. Imaging revealed a fat density intra-oesophageal mass. Panendoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy visualized the pedunculated tumour in the left piriform sinus, which was able to be exteriorized via the mouth. The tumour was then resected endoscopically at its hypopharyngeal insertion pedicle. Histological examination of the operative specimen concluded on well-differentiated benign liposarcoma.DiscussionWell-differentiated liposarcoma is the most common form of liposarcoma, but is only exceptionally reported in the hypopharynx. The main symptoms are related to compression of adjacent structures. Imaging findings are nonspecific. Only histological examination can distinguish liposarcoma from other benign oesophageal tumours. Standard treatment consists of wide, complete resection, which is not always possible in the neck. Long-term follow-up of these patients is essential in order to rapidly detect recurrence.     

Postoperative surgical site infection in cholesteatoma surgery with and without mastoid obliteration,what can we learn?

Introduction:This study aims to describe the occurrence of postoperative complications related to cholesteatoma surgery and to determine factors influencing the most common complication,i.e.postoperative surgical site infection(SSI)in cases with and without mastoid obliteration.Materials and methods:Retrospective analyses were performed on surgically treated cholesteatomas in our hospital between 2013 and 2019.Patient characteristics,peri-and postoperative management and complications were reviewed.The cases were divided into two groups based on whether mastoid obliteration was performed or not.Results:A total of 336 cholesteatoma operations were performed,of which 248 cases received mastoid obliteration.In total 21 complications were observed,of which SSI was the most common(15/21).No difference in occurrence of any postoperative complication was seen between the obliteration and noobliteration group(p=0.798),especially not in the number of SSI(p=0.520).Perioperative and/or postoperative prophylactic antibiotics were not associated to the development of an SSI in both groups.In the no-obliteration group a younger age(p=0.015),as well as primary surgery(p=0.022)increased the risk for SSI.In the obliteration group the use of bioactive glass(BAG)S53P4 was identified as independent predictor of SSI(p=0.008,OR 5.940).Discussion:SSI is the most common postoperative complication in cholesteatoma surgery.The causes of SSI are multifactorial,therefore further prospective research is needed to answer which factors can prevent the development of an SSI in cholesteatoma surgery.     

局部皮瓣在修复外鼻小面积皮肤缺损中的应用

目的：探讨应用外鼻临近局部皮瓣修复外鼻小面积缺损的方法与临床疗效。方法：42例鼻小面积缺损（直径〈2cm）的患者分别应用外鼻局部皮瓣（鼻背瓣、鼻唇沟瓣和双叶瓣）修复。皮肤恶性肿瘤切除后缺损38例,皮肤其他良性病变4例,缺损直径1～2cm。鼻尖缺损7例采用鼻背旋转皮瓣一期修复;鼻侧部缺损30例采用鼻唇沟瓣修复,其中使用岛状鼻唇沟瓣一期修复7例,插补式皮瓣二期修复18例,滑行瓣修复5例;鼻侧上方缺损5例采用双叶瓣一期修复。结果：所有患者均修复成功,组织皮瓣全部成活。患者平均随访3个月～2年,肿瘤无复发。结论：外鼻局部皮瓣如鼻背瓣、鼻唇沟瓣和双叶瓣是修复鼻部小面积皮肤缺损的有效方法,疗效满意。