手助腹腔镜脾切除(附8例报告)

目的探讨手助腹腔镜脾切除的可行性和安全性。方法对特发性血小板减少性紫癜（idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpera，ITP）3例，脾血管瘤1例，海洋性贫血1例，再生障碍性贫血1例，肝硬变脾肿大、脾功能亢进2例，采用手助腹腔镜行脾切除术。结果8例手助腹腔镜脾切除获得成功，平均手术时间为148min，平均出血量370mL，平均脾重478g。术后全组均未发生严重并发症，术后平均住院日为9d。结论手助腹腔镜脾切除是安全可行的，降低手术难度，有效控制出血，缩短手术时间，是值得选择的微创脾切除方式。     

单孔腹腔镜脾切除术与传统腹腔镜脾切除术的对照研究

目的 讨论单孔腹腔镜在临床脾切除术中的应用效果。 方法 将该院2年来开展的6例单孔腹腔镜脾切除术的患者资料与传统21例多孔腹腔镜手术的患者资料进行总结分析,对比患者术中出血量、中转开腹率、手术时间、住院时间、术后恢复流质时间、患者术后疼痛及术中术后产生的并发症等情况,通过SPSS 17.0进行统计处理分析。 结果 通过开展单孔手术,患者在术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间以及术后恢复流质时间均未见明显增加,患者的不适疼痛感明显减轻,差异有显著性。 结论 单孔腹腔镜脾切除术,与多孔手术相比,更安全、有效并且术后疼痛更轻,美容效果好等优点,具有一定的可行性。     

二级脾蒂离断法与切割闭合器法在腹腔镜下脾切除术的临床对比研究

【目的】探讨二级脾蒂离断法在腹腔镜脾切除术（Laparoscopic Splenectomy,LS）中的临床应用价值。【方法】回顾分析本科自2006年5月至2008年12月间31例行腹腔镜脾切除术患者（其中一级脾蒂离断法14例（A组）、二级脾蒂离断法17例（B组）的一临床资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、住院天数及住院总费用。【结果】31例手术均获得成功,无中转开腹,两组患者术中出血量、手术时间及术后腹腔出血比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,在术后胰漏、脾热的发生及住院天数和费用B组明显优于A组（P〈0．05）。【结论】二级脾蒂离断法安全和有效,该法并不增加手术的时间及术中的出血量,而且具有降低术后并发脾热、胰漏并发症及减少住院时间和费用的优点,具有推广价值。     

腹腔镜脾切除(附20例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除及腹腔镜脾切除联合断流手术的方法、临床效果及优缺点。方法回顾性分析20例腹腔镜脾切除手术病例（包括6例腹腔镜下脾切除联合断流手术）的临床资料。结果20例病人中有1例中转开腹，19例均顺利完成腹腔镜脾切除术或腹腔镜脾切除联合断流手术，13例腹腔镜脾切除平均手术165．0min。术中平均失血87mL，术后平均禁食1．5d，术后平均住院6d。6例腹腔镜脾切除联合断流手术平均手术268min，术中平均失血800mL，手术后禁食2．5d，手术后平均住院8d。结论腹腔镜脾切除及腹腔镜脾切除联合断流手术是安全且效果良好的手术，手术成功的关键是术中仔细操作，控制脾蒂，防止大出血。     

腹腔镜脾切除术中脾蒂处理方法的探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(Laparoscopic Splenectomy，LS)中处理脾蒂的方法。方法 回顾性分析2001年5月以来13例LS的临床资料，包括使用的不同器械和手术方法。结果 13例均获成功，手术时间平均3h(2．0～4．5h)，术中出血10～800ml；1例巨脾，手术时间4．5h，术中出血80ml；3例应用LigaSure处理，手术时间平均为2．5h，术中无出血；8例应用超声刀分离，手术时间平均3．0h，出血量10～200ml；2例应用单极电凝，手术时间约3．0h，出血约100ml。结论 术中出血是腹腔镜脾切除术失败的主要原因，脾周围韧带的分离和脾蒂的处理是腹腔镜切除术成功的关键。     

腹腔镜脾切除术脾蒂处理方法探讨

目的探计腹腔镜脾切除术(laproscopic splenectomy,LS)中处理脾蒂的方法。方法回顾性分析36例腹腔镜脾切除手术病例(包括16例腹腔镜下脾切除联合断流手术)的临床资料。了解脾蒂处理的方法及技巧。结果36例病人中有1例中转开腹,35例均顺利完成腹腔镜脾切除术或腹腔镜脾切除联合断流手术,19例腹腔镜脾切除平均手术时间为165min,术中平均失血87mL,术后平均禁食时间1.5d,术后平均住院时间6d。16例腹腔镜脾切除联合断流手术平均手术时间268min,术中平均失血800mL,手术后平均禁食时间为2.5d,手术后平均住院时间8d。结论腹腔镜脾切除及腹腔镜脾切除联合断流手术是安全且效果良好的手术,手术成功的关键是术中仔细操作,控制脾蒂,防止大出血。     

LigaSure在腹腔镜下巨脾切除中的应用

目的探讨LigaSure在腹腔镜下巨脾切除中的应用价值。方法在手助腹腔镜下完成18例巨脾切除术。应用LigaSure离断脾周韧带及部分脾蒂血管。结果18例手术全部成功。手术150～260min平均180min。术中出血200～2000mL，平均540mL。切除牌重500～2000g，平均910g。术后17例恢复顺利，1例术后肝功能衰竭死亡。结论LigaSure可安全、有效地离断脾周韧带和脾的二级血管，并减少失血和降低手术费用。     

Laparoscopic splenectomy with a vessel sealing device

When compared with open splenectomy, laparoscopic splenectomy was associated with fewer complications, however, with more hemorrhagic complications. Furthermore, the mean operative time for laparoscopy was significantly longer than for the open procedure. Vessel sealing systems are represented as decreasing operative time and blood loss in several surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the blood loss and operating time of laparoscopic splenectomy with a vessel sealing system. We evaluated 19 laparoscopic splenectomies with a vessel sealing device, particularly focusing on operative blood loss and operating time. Patients were operated in the right lateral decubitus position usually with three ports. In all cases, dissection of the spleen and sealing of hilar vessels and short gastric vessels were performed with a vessel sealing system. No clips, sutures, or monopolar–bipolar diathermy were used. Mean operative blood loss was 88ml (range 20–400?ml) and mean operative time was 107 minutes (range 45–230?minutes). Both results were better than those of most series of laparoscopic splenectomy performed with endostaplers or endoclips. Laparoscopic splenectomy with a vessel sealing system is safe for all vascular controls in laparoscopic splenectomy and can lead to less blood loss. This technique removes the disadvantage of longer operating times for laparoscopic as compared to open splenectomy.     

二级脾蒂分离法腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的介绍该科应用腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purprua,ITP)的经验,以及利用可吸收夹行腔镜下脾蒂处理的体会。方法20例ITP患者,通过解剖二级脾蒂的方法,用可吸收夹夹闭脾血管,完成腔镜脾切除手术。结果20例手术患者,无1例中转开腹,无术后严重并发症,其中16例患者用可吸收夹顺利完成腔镜脾切除,4例患者术中脾蒂改为Endo-GIA切割关闭。结论在具备丰富的腔镜手术经验的基础上,二级脾蒂分离法腔镜脾切除术是一种安全有效的技术,并具有创伤小、恢复快、费用低、并发症少等优点。手术前和手术中需要严格把握手术适应证以及做好相应准备。     

腹腔镜脾切除术25例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)的手术技巧。方法:对25例行LS患者的临床资料进行分析。结果:25例患者手术均获成功,无中转开腹。5例脾功能亢进患者采用手助LS,其余20例行完全LS。手术时间为80~400 min,平均为(152±34)min。术中出血量为20~2 000 mL,平均为(290±171)mL。术后住院时间为2~21 d,平均为7.5 d。手术并发症3例(12.0%,3/25),其中皮下气肿1例,左侧腹壁广泛淤斑1例,脾热1例。15例特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者的总有效率为86.7%(13/15)。结论:LS安全可行,对于脾功能亢进者可以在手助LS下完成手术。     

腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术(附59例报道)

目的 探讨微创技术应用于门脉高压症治疗的利弊。方法 5例门脉高压症并食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血病人施行腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术；结合文献报道一并分析。结果 全组59例肝功能均为ChildA或B级，脾脏长径14～28cm。全组均择期手术，其中22例全腔镜下完成手术，33例手助，4例中转开腹，无手术死亡。全腔镜下手术最长耗时5．5h，手助术最长耗时5h；术中出血一般200～500mL，最多达2800mL（腔镜下）；术后排气及下床活动时间多在3d左右，7～12d出院。结论 微创技术应用于门脉高压症并食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的择期治疗可行且有利，但应严格筛选合适的病人。     

直接手助腹腔镜与开腹脾切除的临床研究

目的探讨应用直接手助腹腔镜下脾切除的可行性及近期临床疗效。方法将该院2005年1月～2007年4月收治的脾功能亢进的患者分为直接手助腹腔镜和传统开腹组各15例进行相应手术,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果腹腔镜组无1例中转开腹。腹腔镜组与开腹组手术时间分别为(185±46.6)min和(158±35.6)min,两组差异无显著性(P>0.05);术中平均出血量分别为(255±45.9)mL和(523±59.5)mL,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05);肠道功能恢复时间分别为(2±0.86)d和(3±0.52)d(P<0.05);手助切口长5～7cm,开腹切口长18～25cm,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05);术后并发症发生率分别为4.2%和11.4%(P<0.05);平均住院日由开腹的12d缩短到9d。结论直接手助腹腔镜治疗脾切除能取得与开腹手术同样的治疗效果,并具有出血少、手术时间缩短、术后患者恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜下脾切除术在治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除术在治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜中的应用,手术方法及临床效果。方法:利用腹腔镜技术在CO2气腹情况下对8例ITP患者行脾切除术,并对手术前后患者一般情况的改善,血小板计数的变化,并发症的出现与否及恢复情况等进行分析。结果:8例有1例中转开腹,7例成功完成腹腔镜切脾。该7例的平均手术时间为120min,术中失血100ml,术后胃肠蠕动恢复时间为12~24h,平均住院时间为5天,无并发症。结论:腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫瘢是安全可行的,只要掌握好脾切除术的手术指征及腹腔镜下的操作技巧,它就是脾脏手术的最佳方法之一。     

Single‐port laparoscopic splenectomy: The first three cases

In the past two decades, laparoscopic surgery has replaced open surgery in most abdominal surgeries, including splenectomies for which it has become the standard. Single‐port laparoscopic surgery is a newly emerging surgical technique that decreases postoperative scarring and parietal trauma. Herein we report on three cases of splenectomy in which single‐port laparoscopic surgery technique was applied. Between October 2008 and January 2009, a 13‐year‐old male suffering from grade‐III splenic trauma and two females, aged 33 and 61, respectively, and both diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura, underwent single‐port laparoscopic splenectomies. Preoperative and postoperative management, including vaccination, was performed in a routine manner. A 3.5 cm transverse incision at the anterior axillary line at umbilicus level was used as a single‐port entry point. The entire procedure took 195, 125 and 133 minutes, respectively. All patients recovered and were discharged without any complications.     

旋切器在腹腔镜下脾切除术中的应用体会

目的探讨外伤性脾破裂在腹腔镜下脾切除术中应用旋切器进行取脾的可行性及临床价值。方法回顾性分析该院2014年6月-2016年6月因外伤性脾破裂行腹腔镜脾切除术的10例患者的临床资料。结果其中9例患者在旋切器配合下完成手术,1例因难以控制的出血中转开腹,旋切器配合腹腔镜脾切除术组中手术时间95~170 min,术中出血量300~800 ml,自体血回输400~1 200 ml,术后住院天数8~14 d,术后随访3~24个月无严重相关并发症发生。结论在旋切器配合下行腹腔镜脾切除术安全可行,无需大范围扩大腹壁切口,具有创伤较小、恢复快等的特点,多适用于外伤及良性脾脏病变而需行脾切除的病例,值得临床推广与应用。     

血液回收机在腹腔镜脾切除术中的应用

目的 探讨血液回收机在腹腔镜脾切除术中的应用价值.方法 2008年6月～2012年5月,该科行腹腔镜脾切除术21例,术中均使用血液回收机.结果 18例顺利完成手术,3例中转开腹.自体脾血回输150～600mL,平均(300±70)mL,未输异体血,术后恢复顺利.结论 腹腔镜脾切除术中使用血液回收机可以有效地避免或减少异体血输注,提高手术安全性.     

腹腔镜与开腹脾切除断流术的临床对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜和开腹手术(open splenectomy,OS)治疗门脉高压症脾切除断流术的近期临床效果.方法 回顾分析2003年1月～2007年12月腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)断流术14例和同期开腹脾切除断流术18例的临床资料.结果 腹腔镜组的平均手术时间明显长于开腹组(205 min vs.152min,P＜0.05),而术中出血量(620 rnL vs.915 m.L)、术后腹腔总引流量(910 mL vs.1 445 mL)、排气时间(77 hvs.97 h)、术后住院时间(12 d vs.16 d)均明显减少(P＜0.05),术后肝功能、并发症发生率、住院总费用差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜脾切除断流术的近期效果明显优于传统开腹手术,且安全可行,具有微创的优越性.     

完全腹腔镜重度以上脾肿大切除术的临床研究

目的探讨完全腹腔镜重度以上脾肿大切除联合门奇静脉断流术治疗门静脉高压症的手术技巧和可行性。方法对2009年3月~2012年11月在该科住院的33例门静脉高压症致重度以上脾肿大患者应用超声刀及血管闭合切割系统(Ligasure),在完全腹腔镜行重度以上脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术治疗。结果 30例完成腹腔镜手术(其中28例应用二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂),3例因术中大出血中转开腹。30例完全腹腔镜手术患者的手术时间为145~320 min,平均200 min;术中失血量150~1 200 mL,平均450 mL;门静脉血栓形成6例,术后发生少量腹水(<300 mL)5例,轻度胰瘘(<10 mL/d)4例,少量胸腔积液(<300 mL)3例,膈下脓肿1例。术后住院时间7~16 d,平均8 d。33例患者术后平均随访8个月(4~24个月),无再出血及死亡病例。结论完全腹腔镜重度以上脾肿大切除联合门奇静脉断流术治疗门静脉高压症微创伤、有效、安全,具有一定的临床推广价值。     

Therapeutic plasma exchange as a nephrological procedure: a single-center experience

In the United States, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is both performed and requested by a wide range of services, often on an empiric basis (before a diagnosis is established). Whether empiric therapy is beneficial has not been established. Patients were identified from an electronic procedure log that included those patients who received plasmapheresis at Walter Reed Army Medical Center from 1996 to 2003. The clinical indications, referring service, and outcomes (including deaths) that occurred were tabulated. Between March 1997 and August 2003, 568 TPE treatments were performed in 54 patients. The majority of the diagnoses were either neurologic (48%) or hematologic (37%). Thirty-three patients (61%) received TPE for a Category I indication. Twelve cases were performed empirically (without an established diagnosis) at the request of the referring service, most (7) performed for presumed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Almost 80% of patients required central venous catheters for treatment. Twelve patients (22%) experienced a major complication including death, and six patients (11%) died. Of the patients who died, 5 (83%) were treated empirically versus one death (17%) among patients not treated empirically, P < 0.001 by Chi Square. Only one of the seven patients treated empirically for TTP died, however. In logistic regression analysis, empiric treatment was the only factor independently associated with death, adjusted odds ratio, 34.2, 95% CI, 3.4, 334.8, P = 0.003. The most common indication for TPE was neurological disease, which also accounted for the highest proportion of complications. With the exception of presumed TTP, performing TPE in the absence of a confirmed diagnosis was not beneficial.