精神分裂症局部脑血流的SPECT研究

本介绍了精神分裂症局部脑血流单光子发射计算机断层显像的原理,近期研究进展及存在的问题。     

精神分裂症rCBF显像研究

目的：探测精神分裂症rCBF的显像,方法：应用双探头SPECT对106例精神分裂症患者注入^99mTc-ECD740-925MBq进行rCBF显像。结果：64例（60．4％）精神分裂症显示额叶、颞叶、顶叶、丘脑、尾状核等局部脑血流灌注减低,结论：部分精神分裂症存在局部脑血流灌注减低区。     

精神分裂症患者局部脑血流研究

目的：了解精神分裂症患者局部脑血流(rCBF)特征，探讨rCBF与临床症状和疗效的关系。方法：采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定精神分裂症患者精神症状，应用^99m锝-双半胱乙脂(^99mTc-ECD)，单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)技术，测量患者治疗前后rCBF，并与11名正常人作对照。结果：治疗前患者组右侧额叶与右侧颞叶rCBF低于对照组；治疗后右侧额叶与右侧颞叶rCBF较治疗前明显增加。治疗前不同脑区rCBF与精神病理症状和疗效均无显著相关。结论：精神分裂症患者存在右侧额叶与颞叶局部脑功能减退，但未发现rCBF与精神病理症状和疗效有关。     

SPECT检测利培酮对精神分裂症患者脑血流灌注的影响

目的探讨利培酮对局部脑血流灌注(rCBF)的影响及疗效与rCBF之间的关系。方法研究组为24例未用过药的精神分裂症患者。男10例,女14例。正常对照组26例,男12例,女14例。用利培酮(3～6mg/d)治疗8周。患者在治疗前后进行基础状态及认知激活状态脑SPECT显像。结果与正常对照组相比,治疗前基础状态时,24例患者左右颞叶后下部血流灌注增加;激活状态时,左额叶外侧中部血流灌注显著下降。治疗后与治疗前相比,右颞叶外侧部、左右颞叶后上部基础状态的血流灌注显著下降;左右额叶中下部、左额叶外侧下部、左额颞上部及左额外侧上部认知激活状态的血流灌注显著增加。PANSS减分率与脑血流灌注的变化有关。结论利培酮治疗精神分裂症后,右颞外侧部、左右颞叶后上部、左右额叶中下部及左额叶外侧上下部的血流灌注变化显著。疗效与血流灌注变化有关。提示脑血流灌注对预测药物疗效具有重要意义。     

精神分裂症患者基础及认知激活状态局部脑血流的研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者基础及认知激活状态局部脑血流量(rCBF)特点及精神分裂症症状与rCBF之间的关系。方法 患者组为49例未用过抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂患者,对照组为26名正常人。以阳性及阴性症状量表（PANSS）等量表评定患者组疾病严重程度,用双日法进行基础及认知激活状态单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）脑显像,以威斯康星卡片分类试验（ WCST）为认知激活工具。结果 患者组基础状态时左颞叶外侧部及左右颞叶后下部rCBF比值明显高于对照组（P＝0.050,0.002及0.001)。认知激活状态时与基础状态时比较,对照组左额叶外侧中部及右枕叶上部的血流灌注明显增加（ P＝0.001及0.033);患者组各感兴趣区（region of interest,ROI）血流灌注无明显变化。PANSS阳性量表及阳性症状量靛（SAPS）评分与左颞叶外侧部、右颞枕部、右颞叶后上部、右枕叶上部、右顶叶中部及左右顶叶等ROI的rCBF比值呈正相关。结论 精神分裂症患者可能存在潜在的额叶功能低下,阳性症状的严重程度与一些ROI的血流灌注量有关。     

脑损伤后综合征患者SPECT局部脑血流灌注显像

目的 探讨SPECT脑血流显像在脑损伤后综合征的临床价值。方法 对78例脑损伤后综舍征的患者行^99Tc^m-双半胱乙自酯（ECD）SPECT脑血流灌注断层显像并和临床症状、体征及CT扫描检查进行对比分析。结果 78例患者中57例（73．1％）脑SPECT显像阳性,其中弥漫性血流灌注减低8例,局部血流灌注减低41例。结论 SPECT局部脑血流显像在脑损伤后综合征的诊断中具有重要临床意义。     

SPECT对精神分裂症局部脑血流量的研究

已有较多报告采用单光子发射计算机断层扫描（ｓｉｎｇｌｅｐｈｏｔｏｎｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｄｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＳＰＥＣＴ）研究精神疾病,本文就采用ＳＰＥＣＴ研究精神分裂症的局部脑血流量（ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｂｌｏｏｄｆｌｏｗ,ｒ...     

晚发精神分裂症患者局部脑血流及认知功能的研究

目的　探讨晚发精神分裂症患者局部脑血流 (rCBF)及认知功能损害的特点。方法　对2 1例首次发病年龄≥ 5 0岁的精神分裂症患者进行脑单光子发射计算机体层摄影术 (SPECT)检查 ,并采用阳性和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)、简易精神状态量表 (MMSE)、中国修订韦克斯勒成人智力量表、韦克斯勒记忆量表 (WMS)及威斯康星卡片分类测验等进行评定 ,经利培酮 [(2 7± 0 8)mg/d ,2次 /d]治疗 8周后 ,其中 11例患者 (PANSS减分率大于 2 5 % )再次完成上述测定。 2 0名正常人完成SPECT、MMSE及WMS测定。结果　 (1)治疗前患者组左额叶、左顶叶、双侧颞下、双侧基底节及右丘脑 (P <0 0 1)的放射性计数比值 (RAR)低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且左额叶RAR (0 85± 0 11)低于右额叶(0 86± 0 10 ;P =0 0 13) ;其MMSE评分 (2 3 33± 4 10 )低于对照组 [(2 8 35± 1 6 3)分 ,P <0 0 1];WMS总分及其大部分测验项目分亦均低于对照组 (P <0 0 1或 0 0 5 )。 (2 )治疗后患者组仅MMSE分[(2 4 73± 4 4 5 )分 ]、WMS的定向因子分 [(3 82± 1 0 8)分 ]和背数因子分 [(5 0 0± 3 4 9)分 ]高于治疗前[分别为 (2 2 4 5± 3 98)分、(3 18± 1 0 8)分和 (2 6 4± 3 88)分 ;P <0 0 5 ],而各脑区rCBF及其余认知功能的变化均无显     

精神分裂症与SPECT

对精神分裂症神经病理学的研究正在改变我们对该病的认识。早期的探索着眼于寻找精神分裂症在大脑皮层中明确的病理区域。经过将近半个世纪的摸索,从一大堆数据中还是找不出与此病有关的任何一贯的、明确的神经病理学发现。随着新技术的发展和成熟,如增强结构成象(CT、MRI)、功能成像(PET、SPECT)及神经病理学方法的改进,精神分裂症研究的焦点再次转向大脑。涉及分裂症病因的各种假说受到神经病理学发现的验证。     

抑郁症患者局部脑血流变化的SPECT研究

目的用SPECT测定抑郁症患者的局部脑血流(rCBF),比较乙酰唑胺脑负荷试验后脑血流灌注变化,观察抑郁症患者脑血管的调节能力,以及是否存在潜在缺血灶。方法以18例未经抗抑郁治疗的抑郁症患者为研究对象,19名正常人作为对照组,行单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)检查。抑郁症患者48h后口服乙酰唑胺2g,再行SPECT检查。观察服用乙酰唑胺前后脑内血流的变化。结果抑郁组患者双侧额叶、颞叶的rCBF显著下降(P<0.01～0.05),左顶叶、右基底节rCBF也明显降低(P<0.05);同时,抑郁症患者局部脑血流低灌注存在不对称性,左侧灌注更低。服用乙酰唑胺后,原脑内各血流灌注下降部位恢复正常血供,未发现潜在缺血病灶。结论抑郁症患者某些特定部位存在脑血流灌注下降;乙酰唑胺脑负荷SPECT试验未发现抑郁症患者存在潜在缺血部位,而且使其局部脑血流低灌注状态恢复正常。     

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Depression

Abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in patients with endogenous depression by the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using N-isopropyl-p-[¹²³I] iodoamphetamine (IMP). The subjects were 32 patients with endogenous depression and 20 normal controls. These 32 patients, who were divided into 10 unmedicated group and 22 medicated group, were reexamined when the depressed patients reverted to a euthymic state (remission). The value of rCBF was assessed by the corticocerebellar ratio (CCR), which was expressed as a ratio of activity per pixel in the cerebral regions of interests (ROls) to the activity per pixel in the cerebellum. The depressive patients showed a decrease in rCBF all over the cerebral regions and, especially, the lower rCBF in the left than in the right hemisphere. These changes turned toward normal in a remitted state following treatments, though there was no significant difference in rCBF between the medicated and unmedicated patients. There was a significantly negative correlation between the severity of depressive symptoms and the mean rCBF in a total of patients with depression. These results suggest that psychiatric symptoms in the depressive patients might be related to the left hemispheric dysfunction.     

Study of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in West Syndrome

Summary: Focal cortical disturbances are frequent sequelae in West syndrome (WS) even though it is a generalized epileptic syndrome. Functional neuroimaging was used to determine whether focal perfusion abnormalities exist at WS onset and change during evolution. We studied regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at different stages of WS. Mean CBF (mCBF) and rCBF were measured using SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) and ¹³³Xe in 13 WS patients: at onset (20 cases), just after steroids (17 cases), and after a mean follow-up of 2 years (26 cases). At WS onset, interictal mCBF was increased as the result of foci of hyper- and hypoperfusion, which were, respectively, mainly located in the frontal and posterior cortex. Just after steroid therapy, mCBF decreased without any focal predominance. During follow-up, hypoperfused foci remained unchanged whereas the frontal hyperperfused foci decreased after spasm control. Our results show that focal abnormalities are present at WS onset. Focal hypoactivity could reflect a cortical lesion responsible for WS and focal hyperactivity could play a role in the persistence of generalized epilepsy.     

中枢性眩晕病者局部脑血流变化研究

采用１３３Ｘｅ吸入法对经头颅ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ扫描证实无结构异常改变的中枢性眩晕患者４４例进行ｒＣＢＦ测定，观察分为眩晕发作期组、眩晕间歇期组和健康成年人对照组，进行统计学处理。发现中枢性眩晕病人５９．１％显示血流量下降，其中发作期组ｒＣＢＦ改变明显高于间歇期组，又发作期组及间歇期组的大脑半球血流量及各局部脑叶血流量均低于对照组。     

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Alcohol-Related Dementia: A Spect Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes using 1110 MBq of Tc-99m ECD SPECT in alcohol-related dementia (ARD) patients. Twenty-five patients with ARD and 22 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Mini-Mental Status Examination was applied to the patients and controls. The ARD patients showed drastically reduced rCBF in the frontal cortices, basal ganglia, and thalami. The results indicate that ARD is associated with hypoperfusion in both cortical and subcortical regions. These findings support previous studies suggesting the association with both cortical and subcortical neuropathology in ARD patients.     

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow During Temporal Lobe Seizures Associated with Ictal Vomiting: An Ictal SPECT Study in Two Patients

PURPOSE: Ictal vomiting represents a rare clinical manifestation during seizures originating from the temporal lobes of the nondominant hemisphere. The precise anatomic structures responsible for generation of ictal vomiting remain to be clarified. Ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which allows one to visualize the three-dimensional dynamic changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) associated with the ongoing epileptic activity, should be useful to study the brain areas activated during ictal vomiting. METHODS: We performed ictal Tc-HMPAO SPECT scans in two patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) whose seizures were characterized by ictal retching and vomiting. MTLE was documented by typical clinical seizure semiology, interictal and ictal EEG findings, hippocampal atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and a seizure-free outcome after selective amydalohippocampectomy. In both patients, seizures originated in the nondominant temporal lobe. We obtained accurate anatomic reference of rCBF changes visible on SPECT by a special coregistration technique of MRI and SPECT. We used ictal SPECT studies in 10 patients with MTLE who had seizures without ictal vomiting as controls. RESULTS: In the two patients with ictal vomiting, we found a significant hyperperfusion of the nondominant temporal lobe (inferior, medial, and lateral superior) and of the occipital region on ictal SPECT. In patients without ictal vomiting, on the contrary, these brain regions never were hyperperfused simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Ictal SPECT provides further evidence that activation of a complex cortical network, including the medial and lateral superior aspects of the temporal lobe, and maybe the occipital lobes, is responsible for the generation of ictal vomiting.     

Localized Cerebral Blood Flow Reductions in Patients With Heart Failure: A Study Using 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reduced resting global cerebral blood flow has been previously detected in association with heart failure (HF), but it is not clear whether there are brain regions that could be specifically affected by those brain perfusion deficits. The authors used a fully automated, voxel-based image analysis method to investigate, across the entire cerebral volume, the presence of resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) abnormalities in HF patients compared to healthy controls. METHODS: rCBF was evaluated with 99mTc-single-photon emission computed tomography in 17 HF patients (New York Heart Association functional class II or III) and 18 elderly healthy volunteers. Voxel-based analyses of rCBF data were conducted using the statistical parametric mapping software. RESULTS: Significant rCBF reductions in HF patients relative to controls (P<.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) were detected in 2 foci, encompassing, respectively, the left and right precuneus and cuneus and the right lateral temporoparietal cortex and posterior cingulated gyrus. In the HF group, there was also a significant direct correlation between the degree of cognitive impairment as assessed using the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination and rCBF on a voxel cluster involving the right posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, located closely to the site where between-group rCBF differences had been identified. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings indicate that posterior cortical areas of the brain may be particularly vulnerable to brain perfusion reductions associated with HF and suggest that functional deficits in these regions might be relevant to the pathophysiology of the cognitive impairments presented by HF patients.     

蛛网膜下腔出血对ICP、rCBF及死亡率影响的实验研究

目的 :研究不同严重程度SAH对颅内压 (ICP) ,脑灌注压 (CPP) ,局部脑血流量 (rCBF)及死亡率的影响。方法 :建立一种新的大鼠颈总动脉 视交叉前池体外转流蛛网膜下腔可控制性出血动物模型 ,比较出血 3 0 ,60 ,90s及重复 3 0s 3次出血后上述指标的变化。结果 :SAH后ICP急剧上升至接近平均动脉压水平 ,当ICP超过 6kPa(80mmHg)即可引起部分动物呼吸抑制而死亡 ;60s和 90s出血组ICP水平相差未具显著性 ,提示在此期间内出血可能趋向停止 ;SAH后rCBF立即受到大幅抑制 ,其后恢复程度与SAH严重程度呈反比。结论 :SAH后ICP剧升引起呼吸功能衰竭是死亡的主要原因 ;SAH后普遍存在脑微循环障碍 ,故应及早开始脑缺血的治疗