增强CT扫描与超声造影对肝脏占位性病变的临床诊断价值比较

目的 对比分析增强CT扫描与超声造影对肝脏占位性病变的临床诊断价值。方法 选择2012年3月～2015年5月在我院进行诊治的肝脏占位性病变患者81例,均进行增强CT扫描和超声造影。观察肝脏占位性病变增强CT和超声造影表现特征,记录并比较肝脏良恶性病变患者的超声造影参数,比较增强CT扫描与超声造影对肝脏占位性病变的诊断效能。结果 本组包括肝细胞癌41例,肝硬化再生结节7例,肝脓肿5例,肝腺瘤3例,肝血管瘤18例,肝局灶性结节性增生7例;经过量化分析,41例肝脏恶性病变患者达峰时间[（33.2±5.8） s]、上升时间[（24.1±4.9） s]和平均通过时间[（108.5±21.3） s]均明显低于40例肝脏良性病变患者[分别为（48.6±13.2） s、（38.7±11.5） s 和（156.7±35.6） s,P<0.05],灌注指数（145.3±39.2）明显高于肝脏良性病变患者[（83.6±17.9）,P<0.05];超声造影诊断的敏感度为97.1%,特异度为92.3%,诊断正确率为96.3%,而增强CT扫描则分别为80.3%（P<0.05）、91.2%（P>0.05）和85.2%（P<0.05）。结论 超声造影在诊断肝脏良恶性占位性病变方面能在形态学和数据测量方面提供丰富的反映肝脏占位性病变的影像学信息,且具有较高的诊断灵敏度和诊断正确率。     

超声造影诊断肝外胆管占位性病变的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)诊断肝外胆管占位性病变的应用价值。方法收集65例肝外胆管占位患者的常规超声(US)、CEUS及增强电子计算机断层扫描(CECT)的诊断结果,与病理结果对比,分析三种影像方法诊断肝外胆管占位的敏感性、特异性及准确率。结果 65例病变中恶性60例,良性5例,US、CEUS、CECT诊断肝外胆管恶性病变敏感性分别为71. 67%、91. 67%、93. 33%;特异性分别为60. 00%、80. 00%、80. 00%;准确率分别为70. 77%、90. 77%、92. 31%; CEUS与CECT诊断肝外胆管恶性病变的敏感性、特异性、准确率相当,均高于US;三者比较,P 0. 05,差异有统计学意义;其中两两比较,CEUS/US,P 0. 05,差异有统计学意义; CEUS/CECT,P 0. 05,差异不具有统计学意义。结论 CEUS通过实时观察病变微循环特点,诊断肝外胆管占位性病变的诊断效能明显高于US,与CECT相当,具有较高临床应用价值。     

超声弹性成像与超声造影诊断肝脏占位性病变性质价值分析

目的 探讨超声弹性成像与超声造影（CUES）对肝脏占位性病变性质的鉴别诊断价值。方法 2015年1月~2016年12月我院诊治的肝局灶性病变患者186例（206个病灶）。所有的受试者均接受超声造影和超声弹性成像检查,参照欧洲肝脏超声造影指南（2012版）标准进行肝局灶性病变良恶性的鉴别诊断。应用ROC曲线下面积判断指标诊断的效能。结果 在186例肝脏占位性病变患者中,肝左右叶病灶126例,肝左叶病灶29例,肝右叶病灶31例;超声共发现病灶206个,其中良性病灶78个（37.9%）,恶性病灶128个（62.1%）。在78个良性病灶中,血管瘤51个,肝脓肿10个,错构瘤4个,结节性增生5个,炎性假瘤8个。在128个恶性病灶中,原发性肝癌124个,转移癌4个;超声造影检查诊断的ROC曲线下面积为0.967,显著优于超声弹性成像检查的0.803（P<0.05）,超声造影检查诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为95.6%、98.6%和96.8%,显著优于超声弹性成像检查的89.1%、76.8%和84.4%（P<0.05）。结论 CUES检查对判断肝占位性病变的性质具有较高的诊断效能,与超声弹性成像检查具有协同作用,临床医师可以通过这些检查确定肝内病灶的性质。     

超声造影在诊断心脏占位性病变中的应用价值

目的:探讨超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CEUS)在心脏占位性病变中的诊断价值。方法:选取26例经常规经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography, TTE)发现心脏占位性病变的患者,均行TTE及CEUS检查,判断病变性质,分析TTE及CEUS检查的表现特点。结果:26例患者中有6例确诊为血栓,14例确诊为良性肿瘤及赘生物,6例确诊为恶性肿瘤。TTE检查结果确诊5例血栓、9例良性肿瘤及赘生物,误诊1例血栓为黏液瘤,其余11例未能定性。CEUS检查结果与手术病理及临床诊断结果相一致。良、恶性病变造影增强程度及灌注方式比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:在诊断心脏占位性病变中,TTE根据病灶形态、边界及有无心包积液结合病史可做出初步诊断,CEUS根据造影剂增强程度及灌注方式可有助于鉴别血栓和肿瘤性病变、肿瘤性病变的良恶性,从而提高诊断的准确率。     

三维彩色多普勒超声与超声造影鉴别原发性肝癌与转移性肝癌诊断的比较

目的比较三维彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)与超声造影(CEUS)鉴别原发性肝癌与转移性肝癌诊断方面的应用。方法该院收治的原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌患者各30例,均为单发病灶,经术后病理学检查确诊。所有患者采用三维CDFI与CEUS对病灶进行检查,分析比较两种方法鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与转移性肝癌的特点及符合率。结果 1CDFI检查结果显示,原发性肝癌组内部及周围血流信号检出率明显高于转移性肝癌组(P0.05);2与转移性肝癌组比较,原发性肝癌组的肝动脉峰值流速、肝动脉内径、阻力指数(RI)明显较高,而肝动脉最小流速、门静脉流速明显较低(P0.05);3与转移性肝癌组比较,原发性肝癌组的始增时间、增强速率、50%倾斜率明显较低,而峰值时间、峰值增强强度明显较高(P0.05);4CEUS检查诊断原发性肝癌及转移性肝癌的符合率明显高于CDFI检查(P0.05);结论与转移性肝癌相比,原发性肝癌肿瘤组织及周围具有更丰富的血流信号,CEUS检查鉴别原发性肝癌与转移性肝癌的符合率高于CDFI检查,更适用于原发性肝癌与转移性肝癌的鉴别诊断,对临床有指导意义。     

超声造影肝脏影像报告与数据系统分类标准在M类病变中的应用及进展

肝细胞癌(HCC)和非HCC肝恶性肿瘤在发病机制、生物学行为等方面存在显著差异,超声造影肝脏影像报告与数据系统(CEUS LI-RADS)中M类的存在为两者鉴别提供了新思路。本文介绍了CEUS LI-RADS分类标准在M类病变中的诊断应用情况及进展,认为应用CEUS LI-RADS可以帮助鉴别HCC和非HCC恶性肿瘤,但未来仍需进一步的改进和完善。     

增强 CT 与超声造影对胆囊良恶性病变的诊断价值比较

目的：比较胆囊良恶性病变的超声造影（CEUS）和增强CT（CECT）诊断结果,探讨两者对胆囊占位性病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析53例胆囊病变患者的临床资料,患者均行CEUS和CECT检查。结果53例患者中,3例CEUS和CECT均无增强,为胆泥,占总数的5．67％;25例为良性病变,占总数的47．17％;25例为胆囊癌,占总数的47．17％。胆囊良恶性病变CEUS和CECT增强水平之间的诊断差异无统计学意义（ P均＞0．05）。早期高增强的良性病变的CEUS增强减低时间明显比早期高增强的恶性病变长（P＜0．01）。良性病变和恶性病变在CEUS、CECT上表现为不均匀增强病灶的发生率、胆囊壁完整性破坏的发生率之间的差异无统计学意义（ P均＞0．05）。 CEUS和CECT对胆囊病变诊断的检出率、准确率、敏感性、特异性之间的差异均无统计学意义（ P均＞0．05）。结论 CEUS和CECT对胆囊良恶性病变的诊断效能相似,两者诊断胆囊疾病可以互补。     

实时超声造影在肝脏良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值分析

目的 分析实时超声造影在肝脏良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 2013年1月至2014年9月我科诊断的肝脏病变患者80例,包括脂肪肝20例,肝血管瘤17,肝癌介入治疗后14例,肝转移瘤13例,原发性肝癌11例,肝内胆管细胞癌4例,肝脓肿1例。采用经肘静脉注射SonoVue造影剂2.5 mg 造影,连续、实时、动态对肝脏病灶及其周围肝组织增强情况进行细致的观察。结果 80例肝脏病变患者超声造影增强时相主要为肝动脉期和无肝实质期,增强类型主要为周边增强或无增强,其次为周围向心、整体增强,而中央扩散很少;实时超声造影对肝脏病变的诊断准确率为87.5%（70/80）,显著高于二维和彩色多普勒超声（33.8%,P<0.05）。结论 实时超声造影在肝脏良恶性病变的鉴别诊断中具有较高的应用价值。     

超声造影在肝脏占位性病变中的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声造影技术在不同性质肝脏占位性病变中的诊断价值。方法:2015年11月至2017年12月我科诊断的肝脏占位性病变患者65例,均进行常规超声和超声造影两种检查结果对比分析,与穿刺活检、手术后的病理结果作为评判标准。结果:对65例肝脏占位性病变患者进行超声造影检查,观察超声造影增强时相和增强类型,与病理结果对照,超声造影诊断的敏感性为96.8%、特异度为90.0%、准确性为92.9%,明显优于常规超声的65.6%、54.7%、58.8%,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变的良、恶性鉴别诊断中具有较高的应用价值,与常规超声检测对比,能明显提高肝实质占位性病变的良恶性的诊断率。     

常规彩超与超声造影诊断肝泡型包虫病效能比较

目的 探讨常规彩超和超声造影在肝泡型包虫病诊断中的临床应用价值。 方法 2015年1月~2017年1月我院疑似肝泡型包虫病的肝实质性占位性病变患者78例,均行常规超声和超声造影检查,并经术后组织病理学检查诊断。 结果 在78例肝实质性占位性病变患者中,肝泡型包虫30例,原发性肝癌18例,肝血管瘤17例,肝脓肿4例,肝局灶性结节性增生3例,转移性肝癌3例,肝内血肿1例,肝硬化结节1例,局灶性非均匀性脂肪肝1例;超声造影诊断肝泡型包虫病的检出率为94.9%,显著高于常规超声的76.9%（P<0.05）。 结论 超声造影能清晰地显示肝脏病变的血管分布,有利于肝泡型包虫病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

Different imaging findings of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) in the liver is an uncommon lesion of uncertain pathogenesis. In most cases, symptomatological imaging and clinical studies suggest malignancy. We report a case of liver IMT with imaging findings from positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). This report was the first to depict a PET/CT scan of a liver IMT that revealed an inhomogeneous, intense (fluorine 18)-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake. The CECT and CEUS images showed a hepatic artery supplying blood to the mass and necrosis. The characteristic histopathological features and the presence of spindle cells expressing smooth muscle actin, collagen fibers and lymphocytes allowed for the diagnosis of liver IMT. Recognizing such findings will help to achieve a correct diagnosis and may prevent inappropriate treatment.     

Analysis of neuroendocrine tumour metastases in the liver using contrast enhanced ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Imaging of liver tumours might be improved by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, which allows much better demonstration of the microvascular system. The aim of this study was to assess the sonographic morphology and vascularity of neuroendocrine liver metastases. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with histologically proven neuroendocrine tumours (NET) and suspected liver metastases--as well as 50 consecutive patients with liver metastases of other origins--were included in a prospective study to evaluate tumour characteristics using B-mode, colour Doppler (CDI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). RESULTS: In 4/48 patients with NET, liver biopsy revealed hemangiomas. The typical B-mode appearance was that of both echo-rich and echo-poor combined, also inhomogeneous depending on the size, and often centrally cystic. With CDI, neuroendocrine metastases appeared hypervascular (66%) or isovascular (34%). Metastases of another origin were hypovascular in 82%. With CEUS, neuroendocrine metastases showed increased arterial enhancement in 38 patients and hypoechoic appearance in the portalvenous phase in 39 patients. In liver metastases of another origin, the sensitivity for malignancy due to a hypoechoic appearance during the portalvenous phase was 100%. In liver metastases of NET origin the sensitivity for malignancy was 39/48 (82%). CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendocrine tumour metastases might show characteristics which are similar to hemangiomas. In patients with liver cirrhosis and severe fatty liver disease the identification of NET with CEUS as a malignant lesion is more difficult. The sensitivity of CEUS in identifying malignancy based on the lack of portalvenous enhancement is higher for metastases of other origin.     

超声造影与声脉冲辐射力成像技术用于判定 肝多房棘球蚴病移行带边界及活性的价值

目的　探索超声造影与声脉冲辐射力成像技术用于判定肝多房棘球蚴病移行带边界和活性的价值。方法　回顾性分析经病理证实的27例肝多房棘球蚴病患者二维超声图像和超声造影特征,并应用声脉冲辐射力成像技术测量病灶实质、病灶周边移行区和周围肝脏组织的剪切波速度。结果　二维灰阶超声示肝多房棘球蚴病病灶图像显示回声不均,偏中高回声,形态不规则,边界不清,最大切面面积为（6.08 ± 4.47） cm2。超声造影示肝多房棘球蚴病病灶内部整个造影三期均未见造影剂充盈,呈“黑洞征”,病灶周边呈环状增强,最大切面面积为（8.87 ± 4.83) cm2。超声造影病灶面积大于二维超声面积（t = 2.20,P = 0.03）。声脉冲辐射力成像技术示肝多房棘球蚴病病灶内部、边缘浸润移行带和周围正常肝组织的平均剪切波速度差异有统计学意义（F = 84.538,P < 0.01）,病灶内部平均剪切波速度最高。结论　超声造影及声脉冲辐射力成像技术能判定肝多房棘球蚴病病灶移行带边界及活力状态,对指导治疗、判定疗效和预测预后颇有价值。     

Usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma

The identification of bleeding sites of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important for immediate treatment. We experienced a case of ruptured HCC readily treated with transarterial embolization (TAE) after identification of the bleeding site using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid. We report the case of a 61-year-old male with multiple HCCs caused by alcohol-related cirrhosis, who was admitted for rapid development of abdominal fullness. The diagnosis was established by hemorrhagic ascites by abdominal paracentesis. No clear extravasation was found on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. CEUS using the re-injection method in the post-vascular phase showed active bleeding from a lesion close to the S5 gallbladder bed. Abdominal angiography was urgently performed. Based on CEUS findings, selective cannulation of the cystic artery was performed. Cystic angiography findings with carbon dioxide showed extravasation. He was treated by TAE. Our case had multiple HCCs, but CEUS was useful for the identification of bleeding sites.     

Assessment of metastatic liver disease in patients with primary extrahepatic tumors by contrast-enhanced sonography versus CT and MRI

AIM: To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) using SonoVue(?) in the detection of liver metas-tases in patients with known extrahepatic primary tumors versus the combined gold standard comprising CT, MRI and clinical/histological data. METHODS: It is an international multicenter study, and there were 12 centres and 125 patients (64 males, 61 females, aged 59±11 years) involved, with 102 patients per protocol. Primary tumors were colorectal in 35%, breast in 27%, pancreatic in 17% and others in 21%. CEUS using SonoVue(?) was employed with a low-mechanical-index technique and contrast-specific software using Siemens Elegra, Philips HDI 5000 and Acuson Sequoia; continuous scanning for at least five minutes. RESULTS: CEUS with SonoVue(?) increased significantly the number of focal liver lesions detected versus unen-hanced sonography. In 31.4% of the patients, more lesions were found after contrast enhancement. The total numbers of lesions detected were comparable with CEUS (55), triple-phase spiral CT (61) and MRI with a liver-specific contrast agent (53). Accuracy of detection of metastatic disease (i.e. at least one metastatic lesion) was significantly higher for CEUS (91.2%) than for un-enhanced sonography (81.4%) and was similar to that of triple-phase spiral CT (89.2%). In 53 patients whose CEUS examination was negative, a follow-up examination 3-6 months later confirmed the absence of metastatic lesions in 50 patients (94.4%). CONCLUSION: CEUS is proved to be reliable in the detection of liver metastases in patients with known extra-hepatic primary tumors and suspected liver lesions.     

Analysis of neuroendocrine tumour metastases in the liver using contrast enhanced ultrasonography

Background. Imaging of liver tumours might be improved by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, which allows much better demonstration of the microvascular system. The aim of this study was to assess the sonographic morphology and vascularity of neuroendocrine liver metastases. Methods. Forty-eight patients with histologically proven neuroendocrine tumours (NET) and suspected liver metastases – as well as 50 consecutive patients with liver metastases of other origins – were included in a prospective study to evaluate tumour characteristics using B-mode, colour Doppler (CDI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Results. In 4/48 patients with NET, liver biopsy revealed hemangiomas. The typical B-mode appearance was that of both echo-rich and echo-poor combined, also inhomogeneous depending on the size, and often centrally cystic. With CDI, neuroendocrine metastases appeared hypervascular (66%) or isovascular (34%). Metastases of another origin were hypovascular in 82%. With CEUS, neuroendocrine metastases showed increased arterial enhancement in 38 patients and hypoechoic appearance in the portalvenous phase in 39 patients. In liver metastases of another origin, the sensitivity for malignancy due to a hypoechoic appearance during the portalvenous phase was 100%. In liver metastases of NET origin the sensitivity for malignancy was 39/48 (82%). Conclusions. Neuroendocrine tumour metastases might show characteristics which are similar to hemangiomas. In patients with liver cirrhosis and severe fatty liver disease the identification of NET with CEUS as a malignant lesion is more difficult. The sensitivity of CEUS in identifying malignancy based on the lack of portalvenous enhancement is higher for metastases of other origin.     

Arterial-phase contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for evaluating anti-angiogenesis treatment: a pilot study

AIM:To verify whether arterial-phase contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) of tumor parenchymal tissue is useful for evaluation of anti-angiogenesis agents.METHODS:Rabbits with liver tumor were subjected to CEUS,and images of the nodular maximal diameter in vascular phase were recorded.Image analysis was performed to plot the time intensity curve(TIC) at the tumor parenchyma,which set the diameter of the region of interest of intensity measurement.The TIC was calculated to obtain the time to peak intensit...     

Ring-shaped appearance in liver-specific image with Levovist: a characteristic enhancement pattern for hypervascular benign nodule in the liver of heavy drinkers.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim was to clarify the features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with Levovist for diagnosis of hypervascular benign nodules in the liver of heavy drinkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven heavy drinkers with hypervascular nodules in the liver were studied. Findings of CEUS with Levovist (wide-band Doppler, 7/7), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT, 7/7) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 5/7) were compared for one nodule in each patient. RESULTS: Diagnosis of all seven nodules on CECT was HCC, whereas pathological results were HCC for four nodules and benign lesion for three nodules. The former four showed compatible findings for HCC on CEUS (4/4) and MRI (2/4). However, the latter three showed characteristic liver-specific sonograms with a ring-shaped appearance--peripheral enhancement with a central non-enhanced area. Two of the three nodules showed decreased signal-intensity in the periphery on SPIO-enhanced MRI. CONCLUSIONS: The ring-shaped appearance on liver-specific sonograms with Levovist may be a useful sign for the differential diagnosis of hypervascular benign nodule from HCC in heavy drinkers.     

Muscular Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

There are few case reports of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis to the skeletal muscle. A 78-year-old man developed a mass in the right shoulder. Washout of contrast medium during contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in both the primary HCC and the metastatic site was detected. Several nodules were scattered throughout the liver on an autopsy. In addition, the moderately differentiated HCC had metastasized to the right teres major muscle. Rare muscular metastasis should be considered if a hepatic tumor is moderately or poorly differentiated HCC. Early washout during CEUS is consistent with a pathological diagnosis of moderately or poorly differentiated HCC.     

Ultrasonography of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation in the spleen

We report three rare cases of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation(SANT) in the spleen.We compared the conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic appearance.The conventional sonographic examinations exhibited solitary lesions without common respects,while contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) revealed nodular appearance mimicking its pathologic characteristics.It suggests that CEUS can provide morphologic information for diagnosing SANT.