Intraarterial digital subtraction arteriographic evaluation of extremity tumors: comparison with conventional arteriography

Conventional arteriography and intraarterial digital subtraction arteriography (IADSA) were compared in 36 patients with primary bone or soft-tissue tumors of the extremities. The sensitivity of IADSA was at least equal to conventional arteriography for demonstrating normal or abnormal major arteries and feeding arteries, equal to or superior for depicting tumor stains or draining veins, but slightly inferior for revealing minute tumor vessels. An increase of the matrix size from 256 X 256 to 512 X 512 improved these sensitivities. IADSA with 15% diatrizoate contrast material eliminated the contrast material-induced pain in all patients. With a computer-controlled iris setting, an average of 5 minutes of procedure time and 1.7 R of radiation (0.44 mC kg) per examination could be saved. IADSA reduced the cost of an examination by an average of $67. The results indicate that IADSA was diagnostic in all instances and can replace conventional arteriography for the evaluation of extremity tumors.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成解剖分布与抗凝、溶栓及介入治疗的疗效比较

目的 根据急性下肢深静脉血栓形成( DVT)的部位,比较单纯抗凝、足背静脉顺行溶栓及介入治疗3种方法的疗效.方法 回顾性分析204例急性下肢DVT患者的临床资料、静脉造影结果及治疗方法.根据血栓解剖部位将DVT分为3型:周围型、中央型和混合型.每型DVT根据治疗方法分为3组.A组(37例)单纯抗凝,B组(55例)足背静脉顺行溶栓,C组(112例)介入治疗.评价每型DVT患者住院期间选择不同治疗方法的效果.根据临床症状及造影复查计算各种治疗方法的优良率,其比较采用x2检验.结果 急性DVT发生于左下肢、右下肢、双下肢分别有132、62和10例,分别有4例(3.0％)、5例(8.1％)和2例合并肺栓塞(PE),左、右、双下肢DVT合并PE的比率差异有统计学意义(x2=6.494,P=0.039).周围型、中央型、混合型DVT分别有23、48和133例,分别有2(8.7％)、5(10.4％)和4例(3.0％)合并PE,三者发生PE的比率差异无统计学意义(x2=4.350,P=0.114).23例周围型DVT中,A、B组分别为5和18例,治疗达到优良者分别为2和11例;48例中央型DVT中,A、B、C组分别为10、5和33例,治疗后达到优良的分别为1、2和26例,差异有统计学意义(x2= 16.157,P=0.000);133例混合型DVT中,A、B、C组分别为22、32和79例,治疗后达到优良的分别为1、10和65例,差异有统计学意义(x2= 53.993,P=0.000).结论 急性下肢DVT在左下肢患病率较右下肢高,且以混合型为主.3种方法中,中央型和混合型DVT介入治疗疗效最好,可根据血栓解剖分布类型指导治疗方案的选择.     

Dual energy CT angiography for lower extremity trauma: comparison with conventional CT

Emergency Radiology - To determine if rapid switching dual-energy CT (rsDECT) provides improvements in vascular attenuation, subjective diagnostic quality, and detection of vascular injuries...     

Catheter-directed thrombolysis of proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: a prospective trial with venographic and clinical follow-up

Purpose

To prospectively evaluate the primary and long-term venographic and clinical results of catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity.

Materials and methods

Fifty-six patients with mean age of 48 (range 15–81) years with acute DVT (symptom duration of less than 2 weeks), extending to high femoral (16 patients) or iliac vein (40 patients) were treated with selective catheter-directed thrombolysis. The mean total dose of 3.8 (range 1.0–8.1) million units of urokinase was administered during a mean of 39 (range 6–72) hours. Endovascular stenting was performed in 9 of the iliac DVT patients.

Results

Complete procedural venographic success was achieved in 79% of patients. Major complications were noted in 7% of patients and the total rate of complications was 13%. Mean venographic follow-up was 3.5 years (range 3 months to 9.6 years); well preserved femoral vein valves and fully recanalized deep crural veins were observed in 83% and 57% of patients. Normal clinical findings in the affected limb were noted during the latest follow-up visit in 67% of patients. Clinical post-thrombotic syndrome occurred in 9% of patients.

Conclusion

Catheter-directed thrombolysis achieves good primary success with acceptable complication rate and effectively reduces prevalence of post-thrombotic syndrome.     

Aortoiliac and lower extremity arteries: comparison of three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR angiography and conventional angiography

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical feasibility of three-dimensional dynamic contrast agent-enhanced subtraction magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in patients with symptoms of lower extremity ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients suspected of having lower extremity ischemia underwent three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR angiography of the aortoiliac arteries and arteries of the lower extremity. As the reference standard, conventional angiography was also performed. For data analysis, the arterial system was divided into 10 segments. Each segment was classified as normal, mildly stenosed, moderately stenosed, severely stenosed, or occluded. RESULTS: At conventional angiography, 83 stenosed segments (14 mildly stenosed, 16 moderately stenosed, 14 severely stenosed, and 39 occluded) were identified in a total of 423 segments. For the segments with more than mild stenosis, MR angiography was 97.1% sensitive and 99.2% specific. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR angiography has high sensitivity and specificity. This technique is a noninvasive alternative to conventional angiography for screening patients suspected of having lower extremity ischemia.     

MR imaging- versus conventional X-ray fluoroscopy-guided renal angioplasty in swine: prospective randomized comparison

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that the technical success rates, complication rates, and procedural times for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and conventional (x-ray) fluoroscopy-guided PTA for treatment of renal artery stenosis are similar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was animal care and use committee approved. After surgically inducing bilateral renal artery stenosis in 11 swine, the authors performed baseline digital subtraction angiography. They transferred each animal to a 1.5-T MR imaging unit and randomly decided which artery would be treated with MR-guided PTA. With MR imaging guidance, angioplastic devices were tracked by using active and passive techniques. Vascular depiction was achieved by using catheter-directed MR angiography. Stenotic vessels were dilated by using 5-6-mm-diameter balloon catheters. PTA was then performed in the contralateral artery by using conventional fluoroscopy-guided techniques. With the intention to treat, the authors compared the technical success (residual stenosis < 50%) rates, complication rates, and procedural times for each guidance method. They compared technical successes and complications by using the McNemar test and procedural times by using a paired t test, with P < .05 indicating a significant difference. RESULTS: The authors successfully dilated nine (82%) of 11 renal arteries with MR guidance and all 11 arteries (100%) with conventional fluoroscopic guidance. The difference was not significant (P = .5). Complications occurred in three (27%) arteries with MR guidance and in one (9%) artery with fluoroscopic guidance, with no significant differences (P = .5). The mean MR-guided PTA procedural time was 46 minutes longer than the fluoroscopy-guided PTA procedural time; this difference was significant (P = .01). CONCLUSION: In a small cohort of swine, the authors did not observe a significant difference between MR imaging- and conventional fluoroscopy-guided renal artery PTA in terms of success and complication rates. However, no evidence of similarity between the techniques should be assumed. Procedural times differed significantly.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and enclosed thrombolysis versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusions: Results of a prospective randomized trial

Purpose: To determine whether percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and enclosed thrombolysis (ET) is superior to PTA alone in the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusions. Methods: Twenty-five patients with 5–15-cm-long occlusions in the femoropopliteal segments, with otherwise normal run-in arteries and at least one normal tibioperoneal artery to the foot, were randomized to ET/PTA or PTA alone. Ankle brachial systolic index (ABI) was measured before the procedure and at 24 hr and 12 months after the procedure, when a duplex scan was also carried out. End points in the study were patency at, or repeat intervention before, 12 months. Results: Procedures were successful in 23 of 25 patients. There was one immediate occlusion of tibioperoneal arteries, and one early reocclusion of a reopened segment in the ET/PTA group. There was one early reocclusion in the PTA group. At 12 months patency was 70% and 69.2% in the ET/PTA and PTA groups respectively. Covariant analysis showed no significant difference in ABI between the two groups at any of the three measurement times. Conclusion: This trial demonstrated no difference between ET/PTA and PTA alone in femoropopliteal occlusions associated with normal proximal arteries and at least one normal tibioperoneal artery.     

Hydrodynamic thrombectomy system versus pulse-spray thrombolysis for thrombosed hemodialysis grafts: a multicenter prospective randomized comparison

P:URPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a hydrodynamic thrombectomy system in a prospective, multicenter randomized comparison with pulse-spray thrombolysis in hemodialysis grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine centers enrolled 120 adult patients with recently (相似文献   

Efficacy of continuous intra-articular bupivacaine infusion for postoperative analgesia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, prospective, and randomized study

BACKGROUND: The increasing trend toward outpatient surgery has stimulated the development of techniques focused on decreasing perioperative and postoperative pain. Pain control infusion pumps are gaining in popularity in orthopaedic procedures to control postoperative pain. HYPOTHESIS: Continuous infusion of bupivacaine via a catheter placed intra-articular into the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using ipsilateral autograft quadrupled semitendinosus will decrease postoperative pain scores and narcotic and NSAID consumption. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: Three randomized study groups of 21 subjects were evaluated: group I, 0.25% bupivacaine infused intra-articular at 4 mL/hour for 72 hours (study); Group II, 0.9% saline infused intra-articular at 4 mL/hr for 72 hours (placebo); Group III, no intra-articular infusion catheter (control). Each subject received general anesthesia and preemptive intra-articular anesthesia. Visual analog scale pain scores and analgesic use were compiled for the 96-hour study period. RESULTS: With the exception of significantly higher total narcotic usage in the control group compared with the study group only for the time period of 48 to 72 hours, there were no other statistically significant differences between each of the study groups with respect to pain and narcotic and NSAID use for the entire study period. CONCLUSION: The continuous infusion of intra-articular bupivacaine via pain control infusion pumps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using ipsilateral autograft quadrupled semitendinosus cannot be supported when postoperative visual analog scale pain scores and analgesic use are the rationale for justification.     

Aortoiliac and lower extremity arteries assessed with 16-detector row CT angiography: prospective comparison with digital subtraction angiography

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the accuracy of 16-detector row computed tomographic (CT) angiography with conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard in the assessment of aortoiliac and lower extremity arteries in patients with peripheral arterial disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained. A total of 39 consecutive patients (27 men [mean age, 66 years] and 12 women [mean age, 64 years]) with peripheral arterial disease underwent both conventional DSA and 16-detector row CT angiography. For data analysis, the arterial vascular system was divided into 35 segments. A total of 1365 arterial segments were analyzed for arterial stenosis by two independent blinded readers using a four-point grading system (grade 1, <10% luminal narrowing; grade 2, 10%-49% luminal narrowing; grade 3, 50%-99% luminal narrowing; grade 4, occlusion). Interobserver agreements were calculated by using kappa statistics. A third independent blinded reader assessed possible reasons for disagreements between 16-detector row CT angiographic findings and conventional DSA findings. Effective radiation dose was calculated for both imaging modalities. RESULTS: Sixteen-detector row CT angiographic and conventional DSA findings were diagnostic in all vascular segments. Compared with conventional DSA, the sensitivity and specificity of 16-detector row CT angiography with regard to detection of hemodynamically significant stenosis in all 35 arterial segments were 96% and 97%, respectively, for both readers. Readers 1 and 2 overestimated arterial stenosis in 42 (3%) and 34 (2%) arterial segments, respectively, and underestimated arterial stenosis in 13 (1%) and 10 (1%) arterial segments, respectively. Interobserver agreement was excellent (kappa = 0.84-1.00). Presence of anteroposteriorly located luminal narrowing and extensive vascular wall calcification were considered main reasons for disagreements between imaging modalities. Effective radiation dose was lower for 16-detector row CT angiography (1.6-3.9 mSv) than for conventional DSA (6.4-16.0 mSv). CONCLUSION: Sixteen-detector row CT angiography is an accurate and reliable noninvasive alternative to conventional DSA in the assessment of aortoiliac and lower extremity arteries in patients with peripheral arterial disease.     

Intraarterial MR angiography and DSA in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease: prospective comparison

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of intraarterial magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in the depiction of significant stenoses and occlusions, with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) serving as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Approval of the local ethics committee and informed consent were obtained. Twenty patients (11 men; nine women; age range, 48-86 years; mean age, 69.5 years+/-11.2 [standard deviation]) with symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) were prospectively enrolled. After percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), intraarterial MR angiography was performed in the thigh and the calf with a 1.5-T MR imager in two consecutive runs. Intraarterial MR angiography was performed with a low-dose injection protocol (ie, two 20-mL injections of a 50-mmol gadolinium-based contrast agent). Moderate stenoses (luminal narrowing50%) or vessel occlusions; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: Intraarterial DSA revealed 78 moderate stenoses, 57 significant stenoses, and 28 occlusions. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of intraarterial MR angiography in the characterization of significant stenoses or occlusions were 92% (95% CI: 72%, 99%), 94% (95% CI: 82%, 98%), and 93%, respectively, in femoropopliteal arteries and 93% (95% CI: 83%, 98%), 71% (95% CI: 51%, 86%), and 86%, respectively, in infrapopliteal arteries. The main artifact observed with intraarterial MR angiography was venous contamination (12%). CONCLUSION: Intraarterial MR angiography is an accurate method used to depict significant stenoses and occlusions in lower extremity arteries with a low-dose injection protocol.     

改良法与传统法下肢静脉造影术的对照研究

目的对比使用静脉留置针经皮穿刺大隐静脉下肢静脉造影术(改良法),与静脉头皮针经皮穿刺足背浅静脉下肢静脉造影术(传统法)对下肢静脉病变的临床诊断价值。方法30例(34条患肢)先后采用传统法和改良法进行下肢静脉造影,并比较两者检查结果。结果改良法对髂总静脉、隐股静脉瓣膜和股浅静脉第一对瓣膜的显示率为100%,100%和91.18%;传统法分别为32.35%、73.53%和64.71%。在下肢浅静脉曲张和慢性肿胀患者中改良法诊断髂静脉受压综合征、隐股静脉瓣膜功能不全和股浅静脉第一对瓣膜功能不全的例数分别为14,25和21;传统法分别为3,14和12。两者比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论改良法下肢静脉造影术对发现是否存在髂静脉受压及对隐股静脉瓣膜和股浅静脉第一对瓣膜功能的判断比传统法具有优势,是对传统法静脉造影很好的补充,可部分替代经皮穿刺股静脉造影术。     

Radiologic gastrojejunostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a prospective, randomized comparison

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of radiologic guided placement of percutaneous gastrojejunostomy (PGJ) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized to PGJ (n = 66) or PEG (n = 69). Indications for gastrostomy were need for prolonged enteral nutrition (97%) or gastrointestinal decompression (3%), with etiologies of neurologic impairment (81%), head and neck neoplasm (12%), bowel obstruction (3%), or other (4%). Mean follow-up was 202 days and 30-day follow-up was obtained for 85% of patients. RESULTS: PEG was successful in 63 of 69 (91%) patients, while PGJ established access in all of 66 attempts (100%) (P = .014). Average procedural time was 53 minutes for PGJ and 24 minutes for PEG (P = .001). At 30-day follow-up, there were 33 and 45 complications in the PGJ and PEG groups, respectively. This difference was due to the greater incidence of pneumonia in the PEG group (P = .013). Long-term tube-related complications occurred with 17 PGJs and four PEGs (P = .007). The PGJ cost more than PEG, but this advantage was offset by the cost of complications. CONCLUSION: PGJ had higher success rate and fewer complications, due to a lower incidence of pneumonia. PEG took less time to perform, cost less, and required less tube maintenance.     

Local intraarterial thrombolysis: In vitro comparison between automatic and manual pulse-spray infusion

Purpose Manual and automatic pulse-spray infusion techniques are compared in vitro to evaluate the efficacy of thrombolysis and the distribution of urokinase and saline solution within thrombus using a pulse-spray catheter. Methods A pulse-spray catheter was introduced into a human thrombus within a stenotic flow model. Automatic and manual pulsed infusion of urokinase and automatic pulsed infusio of saline solution were compared. To quantify the efficacy of thrombolysis, pressure gradients were recorded proximal and distal to the thrombus and during the course of infusion. Distribution of infused urokinase was assessed radiographically. Results The fastest and most homogeneous dissolution of the thrombus was achieved with automatic pulsed infusion of urokinase, shown by decreasing transthrombotic pressure gradients (p<0.001, Wilcoxon, matched pairs). Manual pulsed infusion of urokinase or saline solution resulted in inhomogeneous thrombus dissolution and delayed thrombolysis. Conclusion Application of automatic pulse-spray injectors seems beneficial for more effective and homogeneous intraarterial pulse-spray thrombolysis when compared with conventional manual pulsed technique.     

骨折后下肢深静脉血栓形成系统溶栓与介入取栓的疗效比较

目的 探讨骨折后下肢深静脉血栓形成(lower extremity deep vein thrombosis,LEDVT)系统溶栓与介入取栓加溶栓的疗效比较.方法 回顾性分析我院2005年9月～2011年9月收治的创伤性骨折伴DVT231例患者资料.根据治疗方式的不同,分为A组介入取栓治疗和B组系统溶栓.介入取栓组135例,其中合并髂总静脉狭窄56例,选择介入治疗,术后给予肝素抗凝治疗.系统性溶栓组96例,采取经足背静脉尿激酶溶栓、皮下注射低分子肝素治疗.结果 A组植入永久性下腔静脉滤器40例,临时性下腔静脉滤器95例,27例合并髂静脉重度狭窄者行支架置入治疗.出院时健、患肢膝关节上、下15 cm处周径差A、B组明显小于入院时(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义.而且A组的静脉瓣功能异常的发生率低于B组(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论 骨折后下肢深静脉血栓形成介入取栓疗效优于单纯药物溶栓.     

Catheter-directed thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis: report of a national multicenter registry

PURPOSE: To evaluate catheter-directed thrombolysis for treatment of symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a registry of patients (n = 473) with symptomatic lower limb DVT, results of 312 urokinase infusions in 303 limbs of 287 patients (137 male and 150 female patients; mean age, 47.5 years) were analyzed. DVT symptoms were acute (< or = 10 days) in 188 (66%) patients, chronic (> 10 days) in 45 (16%), and acute and chronic in 54 (19%). A history of DVT existed in 90 (31%). Lysis grades were calculated by using venographic results. RESULTS: Iliofemoral DVT (n = 221 [71%]) and femoral-popliteal DVT (n = 79 [25%]) were treated with urokinase infusions (mean, 7.8 million i.u.) for a mean of 53.4 hours. After thrombolysis, 99 iliac and five femoral vein lesions were treated with stents. Grade III (complete) lysis was achieved in 96 (31%) infusions; grade II (50%-99% lysis), in 162 (52%); and grade I (< 50% lysis), in 54 (17%). For acute thrombosis, grade III lysis occurred in 34% of cases of acute and in 19% of cases of chronic DVT (P < .01). Major bleeding complications occurred in 54 (11%) patients, most often at the puncture site. Six patients (1%) developed pulmonary emboli. Two deaths (< 1%) were attributed to pulmonary embolism and intracranial hemorrhage. At 1 year, the primary patency rate was 60%. Lysis grade was predictive of 1-year patency rate (grade III, 79%; grade II, 58%; grade I, 32%; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Catheter-directed thrombolysis is safe and effective. These data can guide patient selection for this therapeutic technique.     

Trauma of the extremities: prospective comparison of digital and conventional angiography

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and conventional film angiography (CFA) were compared prospectively in 50 patients with trauma of the extremities. Each patient underwent both procedures with comparable imaging parameters and injections. Three angiographers reviewed the angiograms for the presence of seven angiographic signs of arterial injury. The two modalities showed pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, vessel displacement, occlusion, and focal narrowing equally well. CFA was superior to DSA in delineating intimal dissection; DSA was better for demonstrating extravasation. Clinical follow-up demonstrated that both procedures had a sensitivity of 100%; the specificity was 94% for DSA and 97% for CFA. Neither procedure produced a false-negative result.