护理干预对ICU谵妄患者影响的研究

目的探讨护理干预对ICU谵妄患者预后的影响。方法将102例患者按入院后发生谵妄的顺序分为护理干预组和常规护理组,分别于当日3h内、48h及出ICU(转出、直接出院)前3h内,采用CAM-ICU量表进行谵妄评估及APACHEⅡ评分,对2组患者得分进行比较。结果护理干预组在出院前谵妄症状和APACHEⅡ评分明显高于常规护理组(p0.01;p0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论护理干预措施能够缩短ICU患者谵妄的持续时间。     

加强护理干预措施对ICU谵妄患者预后的影响

目的探讨强化护理干预措施对ICU住院谵妄患者的影响,制定合理有效的个体化优质护理模式。方法对本院ICU住院的176例谵妄患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组给予强化护理干预措施及分型护理,对照组仅实施常规护理,采用CAM-ICU量表、APACHEⅡ评分表及谵妄筛选检查表( ICDSC)对两组患者分别进行测评。结果观察组谵妄状态较前明显改善,( ICDSC)、CAM-ICU评分表、APACHEⅡ评分表各种平均分值均较对照组显著下降,其差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。结论采用强化护理干预配合分型护理、个体化优质护理等措施,能有效改善谵妄患者多种症状,减少镇静药物的使用,缩短谵妄持续时程,改善患者预后。     

肢体气压治疗预防静脉血栓的强化护理干预

目的评估脑出血患者术后肢体气压治疗预防静脉血栓的临床疗效和安全性,探索最佳的护理干预措施。方法2010年11月-2012年11月因脑出血行颅内血肿清除术的患者70例,随机分为强化干预组和常规护理组,各35例。强化干预组在常规防治血栓护理的基础上,接受间断肢体气压治疗和凝血功能监测。常规护理组接受常规防治血栓护理。评估干预后1周、4周的静脉血栓发生率、D二聚体异常率和平均住院日。结果强化干预组干预后第1周、第4周静脉血栓的发生率显著下降（P〈0．05）;平均住院日缩短（P〈0．05）。结论以肢体气压治疗为中心的预防静脉血栓强化护理干预措施安全有效,可减少脑出血后卧床患者静脉血栓发生率,缩短平均住院日,提高患者满意度。     

ICU意识模糊评估量表预警干预对ICU机械通气患者谵妄的影响

目的：探讨ICU意识模糊评估量表（CAM-ICU）预警干预对ICU机械通气清醒患者谵妄的影响。方法：100例机械通气患者随机分为对照组和观察组各50例。两组患者均给予常规护理,观察组患者在疾病护理的基础上,采用CAM-ICU对患者进行谵妄评分并进行动态评估,根据评估结果进行预防干预处理。观察两组患者谵妄发生率、ICU住院时间及机械通气时间。结果：观察组谵妄发生率低于对照组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组患者ICU住院时间及机械通气时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05) 。结论：应用CAM-ICU对机械通气患者进行谵妄评分、动态评估及干预,能有效降低ICU谵妄的发生,缩短ICU住院时间及机械通气时间。     

心理干预对外科重症监护室患者术后谵妄的护理研究

目的：探讨心理干预对外科重症监护室（ SICU ）术后患者降低焦虑情绪、预防谵妄发生的效果。方法选取择期手术后收住ICU监护的患者50例,随机分为常规组和观察组,每组25例。常规组患者采用常规的指导和护理,观察组患者在此基础上给予心理干预。出院前比较两组患者谵妄发生及焦虑情绪的评分情况。结果观察组意识水平明显优于常规组（P＜0.05）,谵妄发生率明显低于对照组（ P＜0.05）,焦虑评分低于常规组（ P＜0.05）。结论心理干预措施使术后患者能顺利适应ICU的环境,减少对自己疾病的担心和恐惧,降低焦虑、紧张情绪,避免过激或者漠视等谵妄行为的出现。     

术前护理干预对 ICU 术后患者突发谵妄的影响

目的：探讨术前护理对ICU患者突发谵妄的干预效果,为ICU临床护理工作提供依据。方法将122例ICU手术患者按照住院号尾数奇偶数分为干预组（ n＝59）和对照组（ n＝63）。对照组给予常规护理结合术前健康教育;干预组在术前常规护理及健康教育的基础上,采取带领患者提前熟悉ICU环境、强化患者及家属的社会支持、术前给予睡眠指导等干预措施。采用谵妄探测量表（ DDS）比较两组患者术后谵妄发生情况和谵妄程度。结果干预组患者在术后麻醉清醒后2,4,8,16,24 h的DDS评分分别为（2．92±1．88）,（2．71±1．84）,（1．54±2．35）,（0．93±1．97）,（0．65±1．88）分,均低于对照组的（5．62±4．12）,（4．93±4．53）,（4．29±4．69）,（4．08±4．19）,（4．17±4．96）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t分别为3．46,3．23,2．97,2．88,3．61;P＜0．01）;干预组患者术后麻醉清醒后2,4,8,16,24 h谵妄的发生例数分别为8,7,6,4,4例,均低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（Z分别为3．59,3．78,3．97,3．61,3．13;P＜0．01）。结论合理的术前干预可有效降低ICU患者术后谵妄的发生率。     

早期活动干预对ICU机械通气患者谵妄的疗效观察

目的探讨早期活动干预对ICU机械通气患者谵妄发生率以及相关护理并发症的影响。方法86例接受机械通气治疗的ICU患者按入科时间随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组按危重患者常规护理方法进行护理干预,观察组在常规护理基础上,对患者实施早期活动干预。使用CAM—ICU量表评估2组患者谵妄情况,同时,观察患者相关护理并发症的发生率。结果入ICU8h内2组患者谵妄发生率无差异,而观察组患者48h、转出ICU前以及入住ICU期间谵妄总的发生率均明显低于对照组。在护理并芡症方面,观察组患者呼吸机相关性肺炎、深静脉血栓以及肌肉萎缩的发生率低于对照组,而非计划性拔管及跌倒的发生率2组患者比较无统计学差异。结论早期活动干预降低ICU机械通气患者谵妄发生率,是预防发生谵妄的有力措施。     

谵妄流程管理在ICU机械通气患者中的应用

目的:探讨谵妄流程管理在ICU机械通气(MV)患者中的应用方法及临床效果。方法:将156例MV患者随机分为对照组75例和干预组81例。对照组采用常规谵妄管理,干预组采用谵妄流程管理。比较两组管理效果。结果:两组镇痛镇静药物用量、MV时间、ICU住院日、总住院日及谵妄发生率等比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:谵妄流程管理能优化MV患者的临床效果,缩短住院时间,值得推广应用。     

家属协作的三阶段护理模式预防 ICU 患者发生谵妄的效果

目的：探讨家属协作的三阶段护理模式预防 ICU 患者发生谵妄的效果。方法便利选取2012年4月至2014年4月入住温州医学院附属第二医院 ICU 的患者164例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组80例及干预组84例。对照组采用 ICU常规护理,干预组在此基础上实施家属协作的三阶段护理模式,比较两组患者入住 ICU 期间谵妄的发生率。结果对照组有51例患者的重症监护谵妄筛查量表（the intensive care delirium screening checklist,ICDSC）评分≥4分,即出现了谵妄症状,发生率为63．75％;而干预组谵妄发生率为30．95％,两组差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论以患者为中心、护士指导、家属积极参与的三阶段护理模式能有效预防 ICU 患者谵妄的发生。     

6S 管理模式在重症医学科脑干出血患者中的应用效果

目的：观察6S管理模式指导下的护理干预措施对脑干出血患者的影响。方法选取2012年1月-2013年6月收治的42例脑干出血患者为研究对象,6S管理模式实施前为常规护理组,6S管理模式实施后为护理干预组,常规护理组患者仅给予脑干出血常规护理,而护理干预组患者则给予6S管理模式指导下的护理干预措施,比较两组患者并发症、ICU住院时间、ICU住院费用、再插管率、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率、有创通气时间、不良事件发生情况。结果护理干预组患者并发症发生率为0．00％,ICU平均住院时间为（10．31±3．28） d,ICU平均住院费用为（22261．64±568．71）元,再插管率（0．00％）、有创通气时间为（8．12±2．46）d,不良事件发生率（0．00％）,均明显少于[1．58％,（16．69±4．56）d,（38527．48±659．54）元,15．79％,（12．47±3．13）d,26．32％],差异有统计学意义（t 分别为5．266,85．836,5．045;P＜0．05）。结论6 S管理模式指导下的护理干预措施能够明显减少并发症、再插管率和护理人员不良事件发生率,缩短ICU住院时间和住院费用,减少有创通气时间,改善患者的预后。     

集束化护理干预策略在预防谵妄发生中的作用探讨

目的:通过介绍集束化护理策略在重症监护病房的实施对预防谵妄发生的效果, 探讨降低ICU谵妄发生率的专业化护理模式。方法: 按照患者进入ICU的先后次序, 将2014年下半年收治的381名患者作为对照组, 进行常规护理,在2015年上半年收治的395名患者作为试验组,进行集束化护理。并在制订和实施谵妄预防集束化护理策略的基础上, 成立集束化护理小组, 采取由护士长、护理组长至组员的分层质量监控模式, 形成谵妄预防的组织保障。比较试验组与对照组的谵妄发生率。结果:实施集束化护理策略的试验组,谵妄的发生率明显低于对照组, 且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论: 集束化护理策略通过主动干预比传统的被动应对更具针对性和有效性,可以有效降低谵妄的发生率。     

Delirium in intensive care: A stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial for a nurse-led intervention to reduce the incidence and duration of delirium among adults admitted to the intensive care unit (protocol)

BackgroundDelirium is an acute disorder of attention and cognition with the highest rates among adults receiving intensive care. An acute episode of delirium is associated with morbidity and mortality, as well as a significant psychological sequela. Importantly, an increasing body of evidence supports the benefit of nonpharmacological, nurse-led interventions to reduce the incidence and duration of delirium among adults cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU).ObjectivesThis study will evaluate the impact of a nursing-led delirium prevention protocol that is aimed at reducing the incidence and duration of delirium among adults admitted to the ICU. The delirium prevention nursing protocol specifically targets risk factors for delirium.Study planA stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial approach will be used to assess the effectiveness of the nurse-led intervention, in four adult ICUs across the South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWS-LHD), over a 12-month period. The primary outcomes of interest are (i) the incidence of delirium before and after the implementation of the nurse-led intervention and (ii) the number of delirium-free days during an ICU stay, before and after the implementation of the nurse-led intervention.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): (ACTRN12618000411246p)     

ICU护士护理谵妄患儿体验的质性研究

目的 深入了解ICU护士在护理谵妄患儿过程中的体验及遇到的困难,为提高护士谵妄护理能力提供参考依据.方法 采用现象学研究方法,于2020年5月—10月在上海市某三级甲等儿童专科医院对12名护理过谵妄患儿的ICU护士进行半结构式深入访谈,并使用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行数据的收集及整理,分析提炼出主题.结果 分析得...     

eCASH护理模式在冠心病PCI术患者中的应用效果

目的:探究eCASH护理模式对ICU冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后谵妄预防及护理质量的影响。方法:采用便利抽样法,选择2019年1月—2020年12月河南省人民医院收治的188例行PCI的冠心病患者,术后入住ICU,2019年1—12月纳入的患者设为对照组（ n=94）,予以常规护理;2020...     

The effect of earplugs during the night on the onset of delirium and sleep perception: a randomized controlled trial in intensive care patients

Introduction

This study hypothesised that a reduction of sound during the night using earplugs could be beneficial in the prevention of intensive care delirium. Two research questions were formulated. First, does the use of earplugs during the night reduce the onset of delirium or confusion in the ICU? Second, does the use of earplugs during the night improve the quality of sleep in the ICU?

Methods

A randomized clinical trial included adult intensive care patients in an intervention group of 69 patients sleeping with earplugs during the night and a control group of 67 patients sleeping without earplugs during the night. The researchers were blinded during data collection. Assignment was performed by an independent nurse researcher using a computer program. Eligible patients had an expected length of stay in the ICU of more than 24 hours, were Dutch- or English-speaking and scored a minimum Glasgow Coma Scale of 10. Delirium was assessed using the validated NEECHAM scale, sleep perception was reported by the patient in response to five questions.

Results

The use of earplugs during the night lowered the incidence of confusion in the studied intensive care patients. A vast improvement was shown by a Hazard Ratio of 0.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 to 0.82). Also, patients sleeping with earplugs developed confusion later than the patients sleeping without earplugs. After the first night in the ICU, patients sleeping with earplugs reported a better sleep perception.

Conclusions

Earplugs may be a useful instrument in the prevention of confusion or delirium. The beneficial effects seem to be strongest within 48 hours after admission. The relation between sleep, sound and delirium, however, needs further research.

Trial registration

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN36198138     

Utilizing TISS to differentiate between intensive care and high-dependency patients and to identify nursing skill requirements.

INTRODUCTION: An identification system utilizing the therapeutic intervention scoring system (TISS) was developed to differentiate between intensive care and high-dependency unit (HDU) patients. OBJECTIVE: To overcome the staff recruitment and retention problem, ward nursing staff were recruited into the unit. To ensure patient care requirements did not exceed nursing skill level, TISS was utilized to differentiate ICU from HDU patients and to identify nursing skill requirements. METHOD: All patients admitted to the unit over a 23-month period were concurrently TISS scored utilizing TISS -76 on admission (O/A), at 4-6 hours, day 1, day 2 and on discharge. Concurrent data on age, medical history, type of surgery and length of stay were collected. RESULTS: There were a total of 450 patients. Interventions utilized were mainly 1-, 2- and 3-point TISS values. The study identified the HDU patient group as being older, having a higher incidence of cardiac history and a shorter length of stay. The ICU patient group was identified as having undergone more major surgery. CONCLUSION: TISS is an effective triage tool for differentiating between ICU and HDU patients and identifying nursing skill requirements to care for the ICU and HDU patient groups.     

Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit

This study was designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) of mental disorders written by Ely et al as a confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) for diagnosing delirium. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 31 patients in a southern medical center ICU. Data were collected by two interviewers who used CAM-ICU to test inter-rater consistency. DSM served as the delirium diagnosis standard to test CAM-ICU validity and calculate sensitivity and specificity. The inter-rater reliability Kappa value for CAM-ICU applied to delirium diagnosis was .48 (p< .01). The validity PABAK value was .48 (p< .01) and McNemar's test value was p = .72. The sensitivity achieved by the two interviewers was 89%, versus 96% for the doctor. The CAM-ICU is a method that helps ICU nursing staff to detect occurrences of delirium rapidly and easily, permitting early intervention treatment with fewer complications.     

基于核心胜任力的临床护理教学路径模式在ICU护生带教中的应用

目的:探讨基于核心胜任力的临床护理教学路径模式在ICU护生带教应用效果。方法:采用便利抽样法,将100名实习护生随机分为干预组和对照组,每组各50名。对照组给予实施传统教学方法,在此基础上,干预组实施临床护理教学路径模式,于入科第1天和出科前1天采用护士核心胜任力评价量表评价两组护生核心胜任力。结果：出科前1天,干预组的核心胜任力总得分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,干预组护生对护理带教满意率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：在ICU护生带教中应用临床护理教学路径模式能明显提高护生的核心胜任能力。     

心理干预对重症监护病房病人心理压力及治疗配合程度的影响

[目的]探讨心理干预对重症监护病房(ICU)病人心理压力及治疗配合程度的影响.[方法]将80例ICU住院病人随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,对照组进行ICU常规护理,观察组在ICU常规护理基础上进行心理干预护理.观察并比较两组病人在ICU期间的心理不适反应和治疗配合程度.[结果]观察组病人在恐惧、焦虑、孤独、紧张、抑郁、不安全感、绝望等方面的心理不适明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组病人的配合治疗程度明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).[结论]心理干预可改善ICU病人的不适心理反应,提高病人对治疗的配合程度.