河南省15～24岁青年人群超重和肥胖流行现状

目的了解河南省15~24岁青年人群超重、肥胖及中心性肥胖的流行情况,为其防治提供科学依据。方法按照多阶段随机抽样的方法选取调查对象,对河南省4 093名15~24岁青年人群的身高、体重及腰围进行测量并做描述性分析。结果河南省2012年15~24岁青年人群超重率、肥胖率、中心性肥胖率分别为13.10%、4.62%和16.69%。男性肥胖患病率(6.04%)高于女性(3.21%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.64,P0.01)。城市男性超重率、肥胖率及中心性肥胖率均高于农村男性,城市女性中心性肥胖率低于农村女性,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。学生超重率、肥胖率及中心性肥胖率均比其他职业低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。超重、肥胖及中心性肥胖随年龄和体质指数(BMI)的增长呈升高趋势(P0.01);随着每周锻炼次数的增加,超重率、肥胖率和中心性肥胖率呈降低趋势(P0.01);肥胖率及中心性肥胖率随经济收入的增加呈升高趋势(P0.05)。结论河南省15~24岁青年人群以中心性肥胖流行为主,青年时期是超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖患病率升高的重要时期,在此阶段做好对青年人群的干预,对整个人群肥胖的预防有重要的影响。     

城市成人超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖的流行特征和相关危险因素分析

目的了解中国城市成人超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖的分布特征及其危险因素,为制定肥胖防控的策略提供科学依据。方法采用二阶段整群抽样,选取2009年在北京和重庆两地参加健康体检的79012名城市人群,测量其身高、体重、腰围,按年龄、性别、地区分层计算超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖率,采用Logistic回归分析相关危险因素。结果我国城市成人的超重、肥胖率分别为36.7%和11.6%,约44.8%的成人为中心性肥胖,在体重正常（BMI<18.5kg/m²）的人群中,仍有12.1%为中心性肥胖。男性的超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖率均高于女性,随年龄段的增加性别差异逐渐缩小。北京和重庆两地超重率已相差不大,但肥胖和中心性肥胖的患病率仍然是北方地区高于西南地区。年龄增大、生活在北方地区、不良生活习惯均为超重肥胖或中心性肥胖的危险因素。结论我国城市人群的超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖呈现较高的患病水平,应充分关注中心性肥胖的增长趋势。     

江苏省35岁及以上成人超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖与高血压的相关性研究

目的 了解江苏省成人超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖与高血压之间的关系,为制定肥胖及高血压的干预策略提供科学依据。方法 2016年1月22日―2019年4月8日对江苏省8个项目点117 691名35～75岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检测,非条件logistic回归分析模型分析超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖与高血压的关系。结果 高血压患病率为57.79%,标化后患病率为26.79%。在调整混杂因素后,超重和肥胖、中心性肥胖增加了高血压患病风险;与既无超重肥胖又无中心性肥胖人群相比,单纯超重肥胖人群高血压患病风险增加了90.7%(OR=1.907,95%CI:1.849～1.968),单纯中心性肥胖人群高血压患病风险增加了69.2%(OR=1.692,95%CI:1.566～1.828),既有超重肥胖又有中心性肥胖人群高血压患病风险增加了2.171倍(OR=3.171,95%CI:3.075～3.270)。结论 江苏省≥35岁及成人高血压患病率较高,超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖增加了高血压患病风险。     

南京市某职业人群糖尿病患病现状及相关危险因素

目的分析南京市化学工业园区某职业人群糖尿病流行现状及相关危险因素,为职业人群制定糖尿病防治措施提供理论依据。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法于2014年6—8月对某企业的3个职业场所的所有职工进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。采用χ2检验和二元logistic回归模型分析糖尿病的危险因素。结果共调查1 084例,平均年龄为(39.58±9.61)岁,其中男性785例,女性299例,糖尿病患病率为4.24%。该职业人群糖尿病相关因素暴露率前3位为吸烟(42.90%)、超重/肥胖(42.16%)和向心性肥胖(33.95%)。单因素分析表明性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、家族史、高血压、高脂血症、吸烟、饮酒、向心性肥胖与糖尿病的发生相关(均P0.05)。经多因素非条件逐步logistic回归分析表明,年龄(OR=3.038,95%CI:1.777~5.194)、家族史(OR=4.176,95%CI:1.880~9.276)、高血压(OR=2.038,95%CI:1.061~3.913)、高血脂症(OR=2.039,95%CI:1.054~3.943)、向心性肥胖(OR=3.309,95%CI:1.623~6.743)是糖尿病独立的危险因素。结论该职业人群糖尿病患病率低于全国平均水平,高龄、家族史、高血压、高脂血症和向心性肥胖是糖尿病发生的主要危险因素,应针对糖尿病危险因素采取综合防治措施。     

江汉平原某农村居民肥胖超重流行现状及影响因素

目的了解江汉平原某农村>35岁居民肥胖超重流行现状与影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,抽取江汉平原某农村1 692名≥35岁常住居民进行现场调查。结果 >35岁居民超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖的年龄标化患病率分别为26.52%、7.73%和24.06%,其中男性分别为23.82%、7.36%和20.49%,女性分别为28.41%、7.99%和26.57%。在不同年龄组中,男性超重肥胖患病率最高为35～44岁年龄段,而女性患病率最高的年龄段为45～64岁。超重肥胖患病率随着居民膳食消费水平的增高而呈上升趋势;超重肥胖人群中高血压和糖尿病的患病率分别为23.21%和4.01%。结论江汉平原某农村中老年人群超重肥胖现状不容乐观,需加大对重点人群的健康教育与综合防治干预措施力度。     

山东省居民2007年肥胖的流行率调查

目的 了解山东省居民肥胖的流行率,为干预政策的制定提供依据.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,对调查对象进行问卷调查、体格检查,应用SPSS13.0进行统计分析.结果 共调查15～69岁成人3 839人,男性1 782人,女性2 057人;居民超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖患病率分别为34.54％、16.33％、49.20％,标准化率分别为30.96％、14.02％、42.75％,不同年龄、文化程度、职业、户籍居民超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖患病率差别较大.肥胖患者患高血压、糖尿病的相对危险度分别是体重正常人群的4.76倍、3.67倍,由肥胖导致的高血压、糖尿病归因危险度分别为38.04％、30.36％.结论 山东省居民超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖患病率均较高,尽快出台控制肥胖的政策和措施势在必行.     

宁夏回族自治区职工体重与血压血糖血脂关系

目的了解宁夏回族自治区机关及企、事业单位体检人员中超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖的流行现状及相关危险因素,探讨其与血压、血糖、血脂水平的关系。方法选择定期至宁夏医科大学附属医院进行健康检查的银川、银南、银北地区机关及企、事业单位的职工作为调查对象,进行问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检查。结果共调查2 224人,调查人群超重率、肥胖率、中心性肥胖率分别为35.9%,9.67%,46.67%;男性患病率均高于女性(P0.01);超重和肥胖组人群高血压、高血糖、血脂异常率均高于体重正常组;中心性肥胖者高血压、高血糖、血脂异常率均高于腰围正常者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);高血压和高血压糖的发生随年龄增长呈上升趋势;多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示,性别、年龄、饮酒、高血压、血脂异常与肥胖有密切关系(OR值分别为3.015,1.093,1.304,2.892,2.880,P均0.05)。结论宁夏职业人群超重率、肥胖率已处于较高水平。     

烟台市成年居民肥胖流行现状及影响因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的了解烟台市成年居民超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖的流行现状及其影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法在烟台市芝罘区抽取12个街道办事处,对18岁以上常住居民进行个人问卷填写、身体测量和实验室检测。采用多分类logistic回归模型分析超重、肥胖的影响因素,二分类非条件logistic回归模型分析中心性肥胖的影响因素。结果有效调查3046人,超重率39.95%,肥胖率27.58%,中心性肥胖率48.72%。居民超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖率存在性别差异,男性高于女性(P<0.05)。年龄≥30岁是超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖的危险因素,且随着年龄增大患病率逐渐升高。吸烟是超重、肥胖的保护因素,是中心性肥胖的危险因素。结论烟台地区成年居民的超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖流行现状不容乐观,这应成为烟台市慢病防控的重点,需要进一步探索相关危险因素,加强健康知识宣教,正确引导居民养成良好的生活方式,控制患病率的上升。     

我国中年人群超重/肥胖现况及心血管病危险因素聚集分析

目的 了解我国中年人群超重朋巴胖和中心性肥胖现状及心血管病危险因素聚集状况。方法 2009--2010年对全国12个研究人群各抽取35。64岁调查对象1000人,进行心血管病危险因素调查,实际入选11623人,最终有效数据10340人。利用该资料计算我国中年人群超重朋巴胖及中心性肥胖患病率,并分析心血管病危险因素聚集状况。肥胖的定义依据“中国成年人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南”的标准。结果 我国35-64岁中年人群超重率为38.8%,肥胖率为20.2%,轻度中心性肥胖患病率为32.2%,重度中心性肥胖患病率为19.2%。其中女性患病率高于男性,城市人群高于农村,北方地区高于南方(P结论 我国中年人群超过一半为体重超重朋巴胖者,且肥胖伴随心血管病危险因素的比例很高,亟待采取相应干预策略。     

河北省成年居民慢性病流行特征及其相关因素分析

目的了解河北省成年居民慢性病及相关危险因素的流行水平。方法采用多阶段随机抽样,通过问卷、体格测量及血样检测等方法,调查分析河北20个区(县)4200名成人慢性病及相关危险因素与流行水平。结果人群超重率、肥胖率、向心性肥胖率、高血压患病率、血脂异常率、糖尿病患病率分别为35.19%,16.38%,52.98%,38.50%,39.62%,5.81%;标化率分别为30.28%,14.05%,44.32%,27.86%,32.71%,4.00%。以上几种慢性病患病率随年龄增长而升高,55岁以下组男性高于女性,55岁以上组女性高于男性,城市高于农村。河北省男性吸烟率、饮酒率高于女性(P<0.01)。居民参加体育锻炼率为22.86%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,超重是向心性肥胖、高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病的危险因素(OR值和95%CI分别为10.69,6.62～17.26;1.95,1.58～2.40;1.38,1.13～1.69;1.72,1.05～2.81);高血压是超重、向心性肥胖、血脂异常的危险因素(OR值和95%CI分别为1.99,1.60～2.46;1.60,1.33～1.92;1.57,1.35～1.82);血脂异常是超重、向心性肥胖、高血压和糖尿病的危险因素(OR值和95%CI分别为1.40,1.14～1.72;1.56,1.31～1.86;1.58,1.36～1.83;1.66,1.22～2.26)。结论河北省成人慢性病患病率处于全国较高水平,防治处于较低水平。超重、向心性肥胖、高血压、血脂异常是河北省成年居民应重点防治的慢性病,中老年人群是慢性病防治的重点。     

超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖与心血管代谢性疾病的关联研究

目的 了解超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖对心血管代谢性疾病的影响。方法 采用整群抽样方法,选取河南省开封市通许县673名15岁以上居民为调查对象进行横断面调查,并对研究对象进行问卷调查和体格检查,留取空腹和餐后2h静脉血进行血糖检测。结果 开封地区居民标化超重患病率为35.52%;标化肥胖患病率为14.18%;标化腹型肥胖患病率为42.62%。单因素logistic回归分析显示,超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖是高血压、2型糖尿病、高血脂的危险因素;腹型肥胖是冠心病和脑卒中的危险因素(P<0.05)。腹型肥胖的人群归因危险度(PAR)在高血压、2型糖尿病、高血脂和心脑血管疾病中均高于70%。结论 在对高危人群进行筛查时,腰围比体质指数更为重要。减少腹型肥胖人群比例对预防心血管代谢性疾病的意义更为重大。     

Somatotype, nutrition, and obesity

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the somatotype characteristics of the studied group and search for a relation between somatotype, obesity, and particular features of nutrition. METHODS: Somatotype after Health & Carter (1990), nutritional status according to Body mass index (BMI), and nutrition determined by food-frequency questionnaires. RESULTS: Over 94% of the subjects in this study were distributed into five somatotype categories: 51.6% endomorphic mesomorphs, 17.1% mesomorph-endomorphs, 16.7% mesomorphic endomorphs, 6.1% balanced mesomorphs, and 3.0% ectomorphic mesomorphs, with a pronounced sexual dimorphism. Males were distributed into five categories: over 65% were endomorphic mesomorphs, and above 40 years of age the mesomorphy increased. Females were distributed into three somatotype categories: up to and above 40 years of age over 44% were mesomorphic endomorphs. In the most common somatotype categories, 1 of 5 subjects (from 21.4% to 19.9%) had normal body mass (< 25 kg/m2), 4 of 5 subjects (from 34.2% to 52.6%) were overweight (> 25 kg/m2) or obese (> 30 kg/m2) kg/m2 (from 44.4% to 27.5%). In the remaining eight categories, all subjects had normal body mass. Hyperenergetic, sodium- and fat-excess nutrition had an especially unfavorable influence.     

Starches, sugars and obesity

The rising prevalence of obesity, not only in adults but also in children and adolescents, is one of the most important public health problems in developed and developing countries. As one possible way to tackle obesity, a great interest has been stimulated in understanding the relationship between different types of dietary carbohydrate and appetite regulation, body weight and body composition. The present article reviews the conclusions from recent reviews and meta-analyses on the effects of different starches and sugars on body weight management and metabolic disturbances, and provides an update of the most recent studies on this topic. From the literature reviewed in this paper, potential beneficial effects of intake of starchy foods, especially those containing slowly-digestible and resistant starches, and potential detrimental effects of high intakes of fructose become apparent. This supports the intake of whole grains, legumes and vegetables, which contain more appropriate sources of carbohydrates associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, rather than foods rich in sugars, especially in the form of sugar-sweetened beverages.     

Nutrition, nutritional behavior, and obesity

THE PURPOSE: Of this investigation is to explore the effect of several alimentary factors--such as diet, nutritional habits, and personal preferences--upon the occurrence of obesity. SUBJECTS: Of the study were 264 workers (203 men and 61 women) from the ammonium production department of a fertilizer plant, divided into two age groups: under 30 years and over 30 years. METHODS: The data are collected by means of a questionnaire about daily nutrition, including the types and average quantity of food (Food Frequency Questionnaires--FFQ). All collected information is analyzed by means of a computer program with a database that includes the chemical structure of food products and takes into account the losses in their nutritional value that occurs in the course of preservation and thermal processing. The nutritional status is assessed on the basis of a Body Mass Index (BMI): group I--normal body mass--BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2; group II--overweight--BMI 25.1-30 kg/m2; group III--obesity--BMI > 30 kg/m2. RESULTS: The assessment of the individual energy intake shows that hyper-energetic nutrition is typical for 67% of the individuals examined. There is no significant age and/or gender difference. This is the result of extra-intake of fat (over 30 E%), which is observed for 87.9% of all workers, and over 40 E% for almost half of the women examined. All age and gender groups display hyper-protein nutrition with pronounced cellulose (fiber) deficit, high daily intake of sodium, and disbalance of mineral salts as well as a relative deficit of vitamin A, B1, and PP. The frequency of overweight individuals is 43.9%, while that of obese individuals is 23.1%. The majority of workers (70.1% of group I, 63.2% of group II, and 79% of group III) have three meals a day. For 43% of group III individuals dinner is the largest meal. A significantly higher percentage of group III individuals (21.3%) think that they overeat. CONCLUSIONS: Hyper-energetic, disbalanced nutrition, and incorrect nutritional-behavioral model are factors that determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the workers examined.     

Amylin,food intake,and obesity

Amylin, also known as islet amyloid polypeptide, identified in 1987, is a naturally occurring hormone, released by the beta cells of the pancreas and consists of 37 amino acids. Amylin seems to decrease food intake through both central and peripheral mechanisms and indirectly by slowing gastric emptying. The mean basal amylin concentration is higher in obese than in lean human subjects. The amylin response to oral glucose is also greater in obese subjects, whether or not they have impaired glucose tolerance. The elevated amylin levels in obesity may lead to down-regulation of amylin receptors and lessen the impact of postprandial amylin secretion on satiety and gastric emptying. Amylin administration may overcome resistance at target tissues, delay gastric emptying, and have potential for inducing weight loss in obese individuals.     

Breast-feeding, adipokines, and childhood obesity

One mechanism by which breast-feeding may protect against the development of childhood obesity is through the activity of components of breast milk. In an article published in this issue of Epidemiology, Weyermann et al found that overweight at age 2 years was associated with higher levels of adiponectin, a hormone secreted by fat cells, in the breast milk of mothers who breast-fed their infants for at least 6 months. This finding is surprising for several reasons: it is doubtful that infants absorb ingested adiponectin; prior literature suggests that adiponectin would reduce, rather than increase, risk for overweight; and the authors did not find associations with breast milk leptin, another adipokine. It is possible that adipokine exposure in infancy determines later weight status, but fundamental research is needed on associations of circulating adipokines with excess weight gain and on determinants of adipokine levels.     

Health, obesity, and earnings.

Published reports and economic theory suggest that a worker's earnings may be affected by his degree of obesity. The purpose of this research was to estimate the size of such an effect. The earnings-obesity hypothesis was tested with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Men. Results of the test suggest that, for members of that sample, there is no earnings-depressant effect due to obesity.     

Bias, discrimination, and obesity.

This article reviews information on discriminatory attitudes and behaviors against obese individuals, integrates this to show whether systematic discrimination occurs and why, and discusses needed work in the field. Clear and consistent stigmatization, and in some cases discrimination, can be documented in three important areas of living: employment, education, and health care. Among the findings are that 28% of teachers in one study said that becoming obese is the worst thing that can happen to a person; 24% of nurses said that they are "repulsed" by obese persons; and, controlling for income and grades, parents provide less college support for their overweight than for their thin children. There are also suggestions but not yet documentation of discrimination occurring in adoption proceedings, jury selection, housing, and other areas. Given the vast numbers of people potentially affected, it is important to consider the research-related, educational, and social policy implications of these findings.