Monitoring of Physiological Parameters from Multiple Patients Using Wireless Sensor Network

This paper presents a wireless sensor network system that has the capability to monitor physiological parameters from multiple patient bodies. The system uses the Medical Implant Communication Service band between the sensor nodes and a remote central control unit (CCU) that behaves as a base station. The CCU communicates with another network standard (the internet or a mobile network) for a long distance data transfer. The proposed system offers mobility to patients and flexibility to medical staff to obtain patient’s physiological data on demand basis via Internet. A prototype sensor network including hardware, firmware and software designs has been implemented and tested. The developed system has been optimized for power consumption by having the nodes sleep when there is no communication via a bidirectional communication.     

Cooperative wireless network control based health and activity monitoring system

A real-time cooperative communication based wireless network is presented for monitoring health and activity of an end-user in their environment. The cooperative communication offers better energy consumption and also an opportunity to aware the current location of a user non-intrusively. The link between mobile sensor node and relay node is dynamically established by using Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Link Quality Indicator (LQI) based on adaptive relay selection scheme. The study proposes a Linear Acceleration based Transmission Power Decision Control (LA-TPDC) algorithm to further enhance the energy efficiency of cooperative communication. Further, the occurrences of false alarms are carefully prevented by introducing three stages of sequential warning system. The real-time experiments are carried-out by using the nodes, namely mobile sensor node, relay nodes and a destination node which are indigenously developed by using a CC430 microcontroller integrated with an in-built transceiver at 868 MHz. The wireless node performance characteristics, such as energy consumption, Signal-Noise ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and transmission offset are evaluated for all the participated nodes. The experimental results observed that the proposed linear acceleration based transmission power decision control algorithm almost doubles the battery life time than energy efficient conventional cooperative communication.     

A WBAN-based Real-time Electroencephalogram Monitoring System: Design and Implementation

In this study, a flexible wireless body area network (WBAN) node platform has been designed and implemented based on the Zigbee technology. In order to provide wide range WBAN for health monitoring, a Zigbee/Internet Gateway (ZiGW) has also been developed rather than using a PDA or a host PC to connect different WBANs by using the Internet as the communication infrastructure. The proposed body sensor node platform promises a cost-effective, flexible platform for developing physical sensor node in real-time health monitoring. The ZiGW can provide an effective method to connect WBAN with the Internet. In this work, we present the implementation of an Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring system using the proposed methods. In this proposed system, real-time EEG signals can be remotely monitored by physicians via Internet, and the collected EEG data is stored in the online EEG database which can be shared with physicians or researchers for further analysis.     

Evaluation of Digital Compressed Sensing for Real-Time Wireless ECG System with Bluetooth low Energy

In this paper, a wearable and wireless ECG system is firstly designed with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). It can detect 3-lead ECG signals and is completely wireless. Secondly the digital Compressed Sensing (CS) is implemented to increase the energy efficiency of wireless ECG sensor. Different sparsifying basis, various compression ratio (CR) and several reconstruction algorithms are simulated and discussed. Finally the reconstruction is done by the android application (App) on smartphone to display the signal in real time. The power efficiency is measured and compared with the system without CS. The optimum satisfying basis built by 3-level decomposed db4 wavelet coefficients, 1-bit Bernoulli random matrix and the most suitable reconstruction algorithm are selected by the simulations and applied on the sensor node and App. The signal is successfully reconstructed and displayed on the App of smartphone. Battery life of sensor node is extended from 55 h to 67 h. The presented wireless ECG system with CS can significantly extend the battery life by 22 %. With the compact characteristic and long term working time, the system provides a feasible solution for the long term homecare utilization.     

经左胸前外侧微创冠脉搭桥治疗冠心病多支病变

目的:评估经左胸前外侧微创冠脉搭桥术(minimally invasive cardiac surgery coronary artery bypass grafting, MICS CABG)治疗冠心病多支病变的可行性、安全性及近中期临床疗效。方法:选择2015年11月—2017年11月在北京大学第三医院完成的经左胸前外侧微创冠脉搭桥术患者作为实验组(MICS CABG组),同期收集接受常规正中开胸非体外循环冠脉搭桥手术(off-pump coronary aortic bypass grafting, OPCABG)患者,应用倾向性评分匹配法,按照年龄、性别、左心室射血分数、体重指数、冠脉血管病变程度以及是否存在吸烟、糖尿病、高血压病、高脂血症、肾功能不全、脑血管意外史、慢性阻塞性肺病史与接受MICS CABG的患者进行1 ∶1配对作为对照组(OPCABG组)。比较两组患者住院临床资料及近中期随访结果。结果:MICS CABG组共入选85例患者,其中男性68例(80.0%),女性17例(20%),平均年龄(63.8±8.7)岁;OPCABG病例451例,经倾向性评分匹配出85例作为对照组(OPCABG组),匹配后两组基线水平一致(P均>0.05)。MICS CABG 组平均搭桥(2.35±0.83)支/例,对照组平均(2.48±0.72)支/例(P=0.284),MICS CABG组无中转正中开胸者,两组均无中转体外循环手术。MICS CABG组与对照组相比,其术后主要不良心脑血管事件(major adverse cardiacand cerebrovascular events, MACCE)发生率[1.17%(1/85) vs. 3.52%(3/85)]、二次手术率[2.34%(2/85) vs. 3.52%(3/85)]、术后新发心房纤颤率[4.70%(4/85) vs. 3.52%(3/85)]及新发肾功能不全率[1.17%(1/85) vs. 0%(0/85)]差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。MICS CABG组手术时间较OPCABG组长[(282.8±55.8) min vs. (246.8±56.9) min, P<0.05],但术后呼吸机使用时间[(16.9±7.8) h vs. (29.6±15.9) h]、术后监护病房住院时间[(29.3±20.8) h vs. (51.5±48.3) h]及住院时间[(18.3±3.2) d vs. (25.7±4.2) d]均较短(均P<0.05)。术后冠脉造影检查,MICS CABG组总体桥血管通畅率(A+B级)为 96.5%。术后随访1年,两组患者MACCE累积发生率差异无统计学意义[1.18%(1/85) vs. 3.61%(3/83), P>0.05]。结论:经左胸前外侧小切口微创冠状动脉搭桥手术安全可行,近中期随访结果良好,MICS CABG出院更早,恢复更快。     

经左胸前外侧微创冠脉搭桥治疗冠心病多支病变

目的:评估经左胸前外侧微创冠脉搭桥术(minimally invasive cardiac surgery coronary artery bypass grafting, MICS CABG)治疗冠心病多支病变的可行性、安全性及近中期临床疗效。方法:选择2015年11月—2017年11月在北京大学第三医院完成的经左胸前外侧微创冠脉搭桥术患者作为实验组(MICS CABG组),同期收集接受常规正中开胸非体外循环冠脉搭桥手术(off-pump coronary aortic bypass grafting, OPCABG)患者,应用倾向性评分匹配法,按照年龄、性别、左心室射血分数、体重指数、冠脉血管病变程度以及是否存在吸烟、糖尿病、高血压病、高脂血症、肾功能不全、脑血管意外史、慢性阻塞性肺病史与接受MICS CABG的患者进行1 ∶1配对作为对照组(OPCABG组)。比较两组患者住院临床资料及近中期随访结果。结果:MICS CABG组共入选85例患者,其中男性68例(80.0%),女性17例(20%),平均年龄(63.8±8.7)岁;OPCABG病例451例,经倾向性评分匹配出85例作为对照组(OPCABG组),匹配后两组基线水平一致(P均>0.05)。MICS CABG 组平均搭桥(2.35±0.83)支/例,对照组平均(2.48±0.72)支/例(P=0.284),MICS CABG组无中转正中开胸者,两组均无中转体外循环手术。MICS CABG组与对照组相比,其术后主要不良心脑血管事件(major adverse cardiacand cerebrovascular events, MACCE)发生率[1.17%(1/85) vs. 3.52%(3/85)]、二次手术率[2.34%(2/85) vs. 3.52%(3/85)]、术后新发心房纤颤率[4.70%(4/85) vs. 3.52%(3/85)]及新发肾功能不全率[1.17%(1/85) vs. 0%(0/85)]差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。MICS CABG组手术时间较OPCABG组长[(282.8±55.8) min vs. (246.8±56.9) min, P<0.05],但术后呼吸机使用时间[(16.9±7.8) h vs. (29.6±15.9) h]、术后监护病房住院时间[(29.3±20.8) h vs. (51.5±48.3) h]及住院时间[(18.3±3.2) d vs. (25.7±4.2) d]均较短(均P<0.05)。术后冠脉造影检查,MICS CABG组总体桥血管通畅率(A+B级)为 96.5%。术后随访1年,两组患者MACCE累积发生率差异无统计学意义[1.18%(1/85) vs. 3.61%(3/83), P>0.05]。结论:经左胸前外侧小切口微创冠状动脉搭桥手术安全可行,近中期随访结果良好,MICS CABG出院更早,恢复更快。     

白内障超声乳化手术对切口温度影响的研究进展

现代白内障超声乳化手术分为同轴超声乳化手术和非同轴双手微切口超乳,前者已经广泛应用于临床,而后者尚处于探索阶段。切口热灼伤是超声乳化手术的常见并发症之一,文章就两种手术方式的特点、各自的优缺点以及对切口温度的影响作一综述。     

Towards Interactive Medical Content Delivery Between Simulated Body Sensor Networks and Practical Data Center

With the development of IoT (Internet of Thing), big data analysis and cloud computing, traditional medical information system integrates with these new technologies. The establishment of cloud-based smart healthcare application gets more and more attention. In this paper, semi-physical simulation technology is applied to cloud-based smart healthcare system. The Body sensor network (BSN) of system transmit has two ways of data collection and transmission. The one is using practical BSN to collect data and transmitting it to the data center. The other is transmitting real medical data to practical data center by simulating BSN. In order to transmit real medical data to practical data center by simulating BSN under semi-physical simulation environment, this paper designs an OPNET packet structure, defines a gateway node model between simulating BSN and practical data center and builds a custom protocol stack. Moreover, this paper conducts a large amount of simulation on the real data transmission through simulation network connecting with practical network. The simulation result can provides a reference for parameter settings of fully practical network and reduces the cost of devices and personnel involved.     

超声乳化白内障吸除术与中切口白内障囊外摘除术在复明工程疗效分析

目的:评价超声乳化白内障吸除术与中切口白内障囊外摘除术在云南省红河州复明工程中的疗效。方法:选择云南省红河州复明工程100例(100眼)年龄相关性白内障,随机分为两组,分别行超声乳化白内障吸除术和中切口白内障囊外摘除术,随访并比较两组术后3个月内裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、眼压、角膜散光以及手术并发症。结果:超声乳化白内障吸除术组术后1周及1月裸眼及最佳矫正视力优于中切口白内障囊外摘除组,术后3个月两组视力无明显差异;两组术后各随访时间眼压无差异,且两组术后均较术前眼压降低约3 mmHg(P<0.01);超声乳化白内障吸除术后角膜散光的度数和性质均无明显改变(P>0.05),而中切口白内障囊外摘除术后1周及1月角膜循规性散光比例明显增加(P<0.001);两组手术患眼术中并发症及术后恢复过程相似。结论:在复明工程中,中切口白内障囊外摘除术安全有效,适于初学白内障手术的眼科医生操作。超声乳化白内障吸除术具有恢复快、近期效果好等特点,随经济发展及严格培训,也是可选择术式。     

An IR Sensor Based Smart System to Approximate Core Body Temperature

Herein demonstrated experiment studies two methods, namely convection and body resistance, to approximate human core body temperature. The proposed system is highly energy efficient that consumes only 165 mW power and runs on 5 VDC source. The implemented solution employs an IR thermographic sensor of industry grade along with AT Mega 328 breakout board. Ordinarily, the IR sensor is placed 1.5–30 cm away from human forehead (i.e., non-invasive) and measured the raw data in terms of skin and ambient temperature which is then converted using appropriate approximation formula to find out core body temperature. The raw data is plotted, visualized, and stored instantaneously in a local machine by means of two tools such as Makerplot, and JAVA-JAR. The test is performed when human object is in complete rest and after 10 min of walk. Achieved results are compared with the CoreTemp CM-210 sensor (by Terumo, Japan) which is calculated to be 0.7 °F different from the average value of BCT, obtained by the proposed IR sensor system. Upon a slight modification, the presented model can be connected with a remotely placed Internet of Things cloud service, which may be useful to inform and predict the user’s core body temperature through a probabilistic view. It is also comprehended that such system can be useful as wearable device to be worn on at the hat attachable way.     

工业无线传感网可靠路由及部署方案

在传感网中如果2棵以Sink节点为根节点的生成树使得网络中任意源节点在这2棵树上到Sink节点的路径没有相交节点,称这2棵树为该网络的ND(Node Disjoint)树。针对工业无线传感网的应用需求与特点,研究了基于ND树的路由方案。仿真实验和分析表明,该路由方案具有较高的路由可靠性。针对该路由方案的特点与需要,给出了1种节点二连通(Twonodeconnected)网络的部署方案。     

Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network-Fujisaki Okamoto(FO) Authentication Scheme against Sybil Attack

In the wireless sensor network(WSN) security is a major issue. There are several network security schemes proposed in research. In the network, malicious nodes obstruct the performance of the network. The network can be vulnerable by Sybil attack. When a node illicitly assertions multiple identities or claims fake IDs, the WSN grieves from an attack named Sybil attack. This attack threatens wireless sensor network in data aggregation, synchronizing system, routing, fair resource allocation and misbehavior detection. Henceforth, the research is carried out to prevent the Sybil attack and increase the performance of the network. This paper presents the novel security mechanism and Fujisaki Okamoto algorithm and also application of the work. The Fujisaki-Okamoto (FO) algorithm is ID based cryptographic scheme and gives strong authentication against Sybil attack. By using Network simulator2 (NS2) the scheme is simulated. In this proposed scheme broadcasting key, time taken for different key sizes, energy consumption, Packet delivery ratio, Throughput were analyzed.     

负压辅助静脉引流技术在微创心脏手术中的应用

目的总结在微创心脏手术（M ICS）中应用负压辅助静脉引流（VAVD）技术进行体外循环（CPB）的方法及经验。方法2007年1月至2008年10月完成微创心脏手术的CPB 73例,其中使用达芬奇机器人（da vinc i S）完成心脏手术71例,经右侧胸小切口心脏手术2例。1例二尖瓣成形手术患者经股动脉、股静脉插管建立CPB,1例小切口房间隔缺损修补患者经股动脉、股静脉及上腔静脉插管建立CPB,其余71例手术均经股动脉、股静脉及颈内静脉插管建立CPB。CPB采用浅低温、中流量灌注,应用VAVD（负压控制在-30～-60 mmHg）,连续血气监测（CD I-500）及超滤。结果73例患者CPB时间45～206（116.1±35.5）m in,升主动脉阻断时间27～132（58.5±23.6）m in,CPB转流中尿量200～1 900（825.5±447.5）m l,超滤量800～4 800（2571.1±885.9）m l,9例患者CPB液体量为零平衡,53例患者CPB液体量为负平衡200～2100（835.8±524.0）m l,术后呼吸机辅助时间7～17（11.1±4.3）h,术后24 h引流量120～680（247.6±197.5）m l,全组病例均顺利停机,无并发症出院。结论VAVD技术能获得充分的静脉引流,在微创心脏手术CPB中必须使用VAVD才能保证良好的静脉引流。在保证充足的灌注流量的前提下,可以尽量多的滤出液体,达到零平衡或负平衡的目的,VAVD是一项安全有效的技术。     

犬食管导联和窦房结区及右心房电位同步记录的研究

目的探讨经食管导联信号平均无创性直接地记录窦房结电位(SNP)的技术。方法对8只犬进行了系列的实验研究,直接将双极电极放置于犬的食管导联、窦房结区和右房等部位进行同步记录与信号叠加同步记录;还对窦房结区、右房、左房等部位的局部电活动进行同步记录与观察;当交界心律出现时,再记录上述电位关系的改变。结果食管导联记录的P前波与窦房结区记录的电位同步,并超前于右心房的电位。结论采用信号平均叠加方法经食管导联所记录的P前波确为窦房结电位。     

Ubiquitous Healthcare Computing with Sensor Grid Enhancement with Data Management System (SEGEDMA)

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can be deployed to monitor the health of patients suffering from critical diseases. Also a wireless network consisting of biomedical sensors can be implanted into the patient’s body and can monitor the patients’ conditions. These sensor devices, apart from having an enormous capability of collecting data from their physical surroundings, are also resource constraint in nature with a limited processing and communication ability. Therefore we have to integrate them with the Grid technology in order to process and store the collected data by the sensor nodes. In this paper, we proposed the SEnsor Grid Enhancement Data Management system, called SEGEDMA ensuring the integration of different network technologies and the continuous data access to system users. The main contribution of this work is to achieve the interoperability of both technologies through a novel network architecture ensuring also the interoperability of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and HL7 standards. According to the results, SEGEDMA can be applied successfully in a decentralized healthcare environment.     

无线传感器网络在医疗领域的应用

讨论了无线传感器网络的节点组成、网络体系和协议栈模型，给出了一个远程医疗监护网络体系结构，并对无线传感器网络在医疗应用的主要方面、前景和面临的挑战进行了阐述。     

A Lightweight Security Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks: Design, Energy Evaluation and Proposed Microprocessor Design

In order for wireless body area networks to meet widespread adoption, a number of security implications must be explored to promote and maintain fundamental medical ethical principles and social expectations. As a result, integration of security functionality to sensor nodes is required. Integrating security functionality to a wireless sensor node increases the size of the stored software program in program memory, the required time that the sensor's microprocessor needs to process the data and the wireless network traffic which is exchanged among sensors. This security overhead has dominant impact on the energy dissipation which is strongly related to the lifetime of the sensor, a critical aspect in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology. Strict definition of the security functionality, complete hardware model (microprocessor and radio), WBAN topology and the structure of the medium access control (MAC) frame are required for an accurate estimation of the energy that security introduces into the WBAN. In this work, we define a lightweight security scheme for WBAN, we estimate the additional energy consumption that the security scheme introduces to WBAN based on commercial available off-the-shelf hardware components (microprocessor and radio), the network topology and the MAC frame. Furthermore, we propose a new microcontroller design in order to reduce the energy consumption of the system. Experimental results and comparisons with other works are given.     

实验动物犬和人的食管与心内窦房结电图的对比研究

目的:为了研究记录实验动物犬和人的食管窦房结电图(SNP)的技术与方法.方法:对各8例实验动物犬和人的食管与心内窦房结电图进行对比研究.检测仪采用广州军区武汉总医院自制的微电位检测仪,系统带宽0.5至1 000Hz,采样频率为2KHz,增益为200～10万倍,且A/D转换器为16位精度.结果:通过信号叠加对犬的食管和心外膜以及人的食管和心内膜所记录的SNP对比研究证实:在高增益条件下,采用信号平均方法经食管能记录到实验动物犬和人的SNP.结论:通过适当的技术可记录到SNP.     

A Provably Secure Aggregate Signature Scheme for Healthcare Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being used in a wide range of applications for healthcare monitoring, like heart rate monitors and blood pressure monitors, which can minimize the need for healthcare professionals. In medical system, sensors on or in patients produce medical data which can be easily compromised by a vast of attacks. Although signature schemes can protect data authenticity and data integrity, when the number of users involved in the medical system becomes huge, the bandwidth and storage cost will rise sharply so that existing signature schemes are inapplicability for WSNs. In this paper, we propose an efficient aggregate signature scheme for healthcare WSNs according to an improved security model, which can combine multiple signatures into a single aggregate signature. The length of such an aggregate signature may be as long as that of an individual one, which can greatly decrease the bandwidth and storage cost for networks.     

基于能量均衡的WSN多跳非均匀分簇路由算法

在无线传感器网络路由协议中采用多跳通信的方式能够减少通讯距离、增强网络通讯的稳定性并提高网络能量利用效率,但是,由于靠近汇聚节点的簇头需要转发大量数据,容易导致能量快速衰竭而失效,造成“能量空洞”现象。提出了一种新型的基于能量均衡的多跳非均匀分簇路由算法（MUCRA）,采用逐层成簇的策略,簇头以一定的半径广播分层信号,划分下一层网络区域非均匀层次,普通的传感器节点和簇头根据分层信息选择合适的网络路径。仿真实验结果表明：与经典的LEACH协议及EEUC协议相比,该算法能有效平衡网络负载,缓解“能量空洞”问题