苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗舒张性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)-苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平对左心室舒张性心力衰竭(DHF)的影响。方法筛选DHF患者72例,随机分为苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗组(口服苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平5mg/d,n=36)及对照组(n=36),治疗6个月,治疗前后各检查一次超声心动图及放射性核素心肌显像,对比分析两组治疗前后左心室重量指数及左心功能参数变化。结果(1)与治疗前相比,两组患者收缩压与舒张压明显下降(159/101mmHg至142/89mmHg;161/103mmHg至145/90mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa)(P<0.01)。(2)DHF患者在左旋氨氯地平治疗6个月后,左心室后壁及室间隔厚度较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),左心室重量及左心室重量指数下降更显著(P<0.01);而对照组治疗6个月后左心室后壁及室间隔厚度无明显变化,左心室重量及左心室重量指数下降(P<0.05)。(3)DHF患者在左旋氨氯地平治疗6个月后左心室高峰充盈率明显增加(P<0.05),而对照组治疗6个月后左心室高峰充盈率无明显变化,两组间比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论DHF患者在左旋氨氯地平治疗6个月后左心室肥厚显著逆转及左心室舒张功能显著改善。     

缬沙坦长期治疗对原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚及心功能影响的对比研究

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂--缬沙坦对原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚及心功能的影响.方法入选经超声心动图检查证实为原发性高血压的左心室肥厚患者72例,随机分配到缬沙坦组(口服80～160mg/d)或阿替洛尔组(口服25～50 mg/d)(n均=36),治疗8个月,治疗前后各检查一次超声心动图及放射性核素心室显像,对比分析组内治疗前后左心室重量指数及左心功能参数变化和两组间的差异.结果①与治疗前比较,原发性高血压患者在缬沙坦或阿替洛尔治疗8个月后,两组收缩压与舒张压明显下降(159/101 mmHg至142/89 mmHg;161/103 mmHg至145/90mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)(P均＜0.01).②原发性高血压患者在缬沙坦治疗8个月后,左心室后壁与室间隔厚度较治疗前显著下降(P均＜0.05),左心室重量及左心室重量指数下降更显著(P均＜0.01);而在阿替洛尔治疗8个月后左心室后壁与室间隔厚度无明显变化,左心室重量及左心室重量指数下降显著(P＜0.05).③原发性高血压患者在缬沙坦治疗8个月后左心室高峰充盈率明显增加(P＜0.05),而在阿替洛尔治疗8个月后左心室高峰充盈率无明显变化,两组间比较则有明显差别(P＜0.05).结论原发性高血压患者在缬沙坦治疗8个月后可使原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚显著逆转及左心室舒张功能显著改善,缬沙坦对左心室舒张功能的作用优于阿替洛尔.     

缬沙坦对原发性高血压患者左室肥厚逆转作用

目的 :研究缬沙坦对原发性高血压 (EH)患者的降压作用和对左室肥厚 (LVH)的影响。方法 :选择5 2例EH患者 ,其中有LVH者 2 0例 ,口服缬沙坦 80～ 16 0mg/d ,为期半年。观察血压、不良反应 ,治疗前后测血脂、血糖和肝肾功能 ,并作二维超声心动图检测 ,采用自身前后对照的实验方法。结果 :EH患者经缬沙坦治疗后收缩压、舒张压显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,其中LVH者治疗后左心室舒张末期内径及左室重量均明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,舒张末期左室后壁厚度、室间隔厚度及左室重量指数下降更明显 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :缬沙坦治疗EH安全、有效 ,并且可逆转LVH。     

代谢综合征与左心室肥厚关系的分析

目的:探讨代谢综合征(MS)与左心室肥厚(LVH)的关系。方法:在体检人群中选择598例,其中男性392例,女性206例,年龄40～80岁,平均(56.9±14)岁。根据1999年WHO高血压诊断标准及2004年中华医学会糖尿病分会MS诊断标准,将其分为正常人组100例,单纯高血压病组(EH)100例,血压正常的代谢综合征组(NMS)108例,高血压代谢综合征组(HMS)290例。用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,利用二维超声心动图检测室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、左心室舒张末期内径,计算出左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI,g/m2)。结果:NMS组的舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVS)、舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左心室重量(LVM)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)、LVH大于正常人组(P<0.05)。HMS组的IVS、LVPW、LVM、LVMI及LVH显著大于EH组(P<0.01);HMS组的IVS、LVMI、LVH显著大于NMS组(P<0.01),LVPW、LVM大于NMS组(P<0.05)。结论:高血压患者如合并糖尿病或肥胖或血脂紊乱,则随着代谢性危险因素的增加,LVH则更明显。对有高血压的MS则应控制血压,同时降糖、降脂和减轻体重,以防止多种危险因素聚集而导致的LVH。     

坎地沙坦联合卡维地洛治疗高血压并逆转左室肥厚改善心功能的疗效观察

目的:探讨对血管紧张素转化酶抑制药不能耐受患者,应用坎地沙坦联合卡维地洛治疗高血压的降压效果、安全性与逆转高血压心肌肥厚和改善心功能的疗效.方法:将119例原发性高血压并左室肥厚患者随机分为坎地沙坦+卡维地洛组(A组)和吲哒帕胺+卡维地洛组(B组),观察血压、不良反应,并作多普勒超声心动图检测.结果:①2组治疗12个月后,收缩压与舒张压均有明显下降[155/98 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)至137/85 mmHg;157/101 mmHg至140/88 mmHg,均P＜0.01].②A组治疗12个月后,左室舒张末期内径、左室后壁与舒张末期室间隔厚度较治疗前显著下降(P均＜0.05),左室重量及左室重量指数卜降更显著(P均＜0.01);而在B组治疗12个月后左室后壁与室间隔厚度无明显变化,左室重量及左室重晕指数有所下降(P＜0.05).③A组患者治疗后的心排血量、左审射血分数、舒张早期与舒张晚期峰值流速的比值、E峰减速度均不同程度得到改善,B组治疗前后差异无统计学意义.结论:原发性高血压患者经坎地沙坦加卡维地洛治疗12个月后,町使其左室肥厚显著逆转及左室功能显著改善.     

拉西地平与双氢克尿噻联用治疗高血压病并逆转左室肥厚的疗效观察

目的观察国产拉西地平与双氢克尿噻联合治疗原发性高血压(EH)的疗效及对左心室肥厚(LVH)的逆转作用。方法给60例入选患者服用拉西地平4mg/d和双氢克尿噻25mg/d,疗程32周。记录治疗前及治疗4、6、8、32周末诊室血压、心率,并通过超声心动图分别测定治疗前后左心室舒张末内径、舒张期室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度。结果治疗前、后比较,收缩压、舒张压和超声心动图检查指标均有明显下降(P<0.01)。收缩压平均下降16.04mmHg,舒张压平均下降9.22mmHg。结论两药合用有明显降压效果,对原发性高血压疗效显著,可逆转左心室肥厚。     

卡维地洛与美托洛尔逆转高血压病并左室肥厚的疗效观察

目的观察卡维地洛与美托洛尔（倍他乐克）对高血压病并左室肥厚（LVH）的逆转疗效.方法将68例高血压病伴LVH病人随机分为两组,卡维地洛组应用卡维地洛片;倍他乐克组内服倍他乐克片.两组均连续用药26周,治疗前及治疗后26周后采用多普勒彩色超声心动图测量病人左室舒张末期内径（LVDd）、舒张期室间隔厚度（IVST）及左室后壁厚度（LVPWT）,根据Devereux公式计算出左室重量,再除以体表面积得出左室质量指数（LVMI）.结果卡维地洛组治疗后IVST、LVPWT及LVMI均较治疗前明显下降（P《0.05或P《0.01）,LVDd无明显变化;而倍他乐克组治疗前后各项指标比较无统计学意义.结论卡维地洛可有效逆转LVH,改善左心室的舒张功能,较倍他乐克更有益于减少心血管事件.     

原发性高血压左心室肥厚与24小时平均脉压相关性的探讨

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)左心室肥厚(LVH)与24h平均脉压(PP)和大动脉内径变化的关系。方法应用24h动态血压监测和超声心动图检查,测量并计算80例EH患者24h平均PP,左心室重量指数及主动脉根部内径。分LVH组和无LVH组,分别进行统计学比较。结果24h平均PP和主动脉根部内径在EH有LVH组和无LVH组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.01),左心室重量指数与PP(r=0.3,P<0.01)和主动脉根部内径(r=0.5,P<0.01)之间存在一定的正相关。结论24h平均PP和大动脉内径增大,提示大动脉顺应性下降,在EH发生LVH中起重要作用。     

伊贝沙坦对老年原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与左心室肥厚的影响

目的 :探讨伊贝沙坦对老年原发性高血压患者的血压昼夜节律及左心室肥厚 (LVH)的影响。　　方法 :选择 93例年龄≥ 60岁的老年原发性高血压患者 ,通过 2 4小时动态血压监测了解其血压昼夜节律变化 ,通过超声心动图观察左心室内径、室间隔和左心室后壁厚度 ,并测算左心室重量指数。选择血压昼夜节律消失的 5 4例患者随机分为伊贝沙坦治疗组 (伊贝沙坦组 ) 3 0例 ,吲达帕胺对照组 (吲达帕胺组 ) 2 4例。治疗 12周后两组患者再次接受动态血压监测和超声心动图检查 ,对比治疗前后血压昼夜节律及左心室参数的变化。　　结果 :93例老年原发性高血压患者中合并左心室肥厚者 5 3例 ,其中血压昼夜节律消失者为 42例 (79 2 % ) ;40例无LVH患者中昼夜节律消失者为 12例 (3 0 0 % ) ,合并LVH者中血压昼夜节律消失者显著多于无LVH者 (P <0 0 0 5 ) ,有极显著性差异 ;5 4例血压昼夜节律消失者治疗 12周后昼夜节律恢复者伊贝沙坦组 2 2例 (2 2 /3 0 ) ,吲达帕胺组 9例 (9/2 4) ,两组比较有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;伊贝沙坦组高血压合并LVH者治疗后室间隔、左心室后壁厚度无显著性改变 ,但左心室重量指数与治疗前及吲达帕胺组比较均有下降 (P均 <0 0 5 ) ,均有显著性差异。　　结论 :在血压昼夜节律消失的老年原发     

氯沙坦对高血压病病人血压、动脉顺应性及左室肥厚的影响

目的观察氯沙坦的降压效果及其对大动脉顺应性及左室肥厚(LVH)的影响.方法 54例原发性高血压(EH)伴LVH病人,服用氯沙坦12周,分别于治疗前后行诊所血压及彩色多普勒超声心动图(UCG)检测,以每搏量(SV)与脉压的比值(SV/PP)作为反映总的动脉顺应性指标.结果 氯沙坦治疗12周后诊室收缩压和舒张压与治疗前相比分别下降了(17.81±10.54)mmHg、(8.65±9.25)mmHg;总有效率为72.2%(P<0.01);服药前后SV/PP为(1.73±0.66)/(1.97±0.71)mL/mmHg);室间隔厚度(IVSdT)为(12.52±1.14)/(10.42±1.54)mm及左室后壁厚度(LVPWdT)(12.82±1.73)mm/(10.61±1.43)mm均明显变薄;左室心肌重量指数(159.9±17.57)/(138.4±18.2)g/m2显著下降,E/A比值明显升高(P<0.01).结论氯沙坦能够有效降低高血压病病人诊所血压,提高动脉顺应性并改善LVH及左心舒张功能.     

Structural cardiac changes in relation to 24-h ambulatory blood pressure levels in borderline hypertension

Abstract. Objectives. To investigate left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in relation to 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (24-ABPM) and insulin levels in borderline hypertension. Design. A case-control study. Subjects. Borderline hypertensive men (diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 85–94 mmHg, n = 69) and age-matched normotensive controls (DBP ≤ 80 mmHg. n = 69) from a population screening programme. Main outcome measures. Echocardiography (M-mode). insulin (RIA) and 24-APBM (Del Mar P-IV) levels. Results. The borderline group showed a significant increase in septal thickness (10.4±1.5 vs. 9.7±1.5 mm. P < 0.01), peak systolic wall stress (218±38 vs. 202±38 10³ dynes cm^?2, P < 0.05) and a decrease in LV ejection time (28.4±2.5 vs. 29.5±2.1s, P < 0.01). The septum vs. posterior wall thickness ratio was significantly higher in the borderline group (1.13±0.14 vs. 1.06±0.14, P < 0.01). Casual BP levels did not correlate with LVH indices, while 24-ABPM systolic levels correlated strongly with LVH indices in the borderline group (r = 0.22–0.52, P < 0.05) but not in the normotensive group. Insulin levels correlates strongly with LVH indices in the normotensive group (r = 0.34–0.47, P < 0.01) but not the borderline, group. Conclusions. Signs of asymmetric LVH and altered ventricular function are already detectable in borderline hypertension. The data also suggest that early structural cardiac changes are related to ambulatory blood pressure profile, but not to casual blood pressure or trophic factors such as insulin.     

Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy with captopril: Heterogeneity of response among hypertensive patients

Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been reported not to occur with all antihypertensive agents. Moreover, a dissociation between blood pressure response to medical therapy and reversal of ventricular hypertrophy has been previously observed. To evaluate the effects of captopril we studied the electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in 26 severe hypertensive patients who received the drug for more than one year. In 14 patients with normal pretreatment ECG, captopril controlled blood pressure effectively [132±2.9 (SE) to 104±3.9 mmHg, p<0.001], but had no effect on ECG voltage. In 12 patients with pretreatment LVH, two different response patterns were observed despite similar blood pressure control (144±4.9 to 102±3.1 mmHg and 148±7.3 to 109±7.3 mmHg, p<0.001 for both): seven had complete normalization of ECG while five had residual LVH pattern. No significant difference was found between the latter two groups in regard to age, sex, weight, etiology of hypertension, pretreatment ECG voltage, blood pressure, plasma renin activity, duration of treatment and duration of maintained blood pressure control. The reversal of LVH pattern occurred early (between 12 to 16 months) with no overall correlation between lowering of blood pressure and ECG voltage changes. The heterogeneity of response observed in this study suggests that factors other than blood pressure control modify the reversal of cardiac hypertrophy by antihypertensive therapy.     

Mild left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension: is it really arrhythmogenic?

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been associated with an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in hypertensive patients. However, it is not known whether this relationship exists in early asymptomatic hypertensives with mild LVH. We prospectively examined 100 consecutive patients with essential hypertension, 35 without and 65 with mild LVH on echocardiography. All underwent a detailed noninvasive arrhythmia work-up and were subsequently followed-up for 3 ± 1 years in an ambulatory hypertension clinic. None of the 12-lead electrocardiographic parameters examined differed between the two hypertensive groups. A similarly low incidence of simple forms of ventricular ectopy was present in both groups, whereas complex forms of ventricular ectopy were extremely rare in either group. The signal-averaged electrocardiographic parameters examined were also not significantly affected by the presence of mild LVH. Arrhythmia-related symptoms or malignant ventricular arrhythmia events were not observed in either group of patients during follow-up with antihypertensive treatment. The latter resulted in LVH regression in the 65 patients with mild LVH at baseline. It appears that mild LVH among ambulatory hypertensive patients does not carry an additive arrhythmogenic risk and can be successfully reversed with the appropriate antihypertensive therapy, with no need of additional antiarrhythmic management.     

老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与左心室肥厚关系

目的探讨老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与左心室肥厚的关系。方法选择原发性老年高血压患者68例,以左心室重量指数(LVMI)作为评价左心室肥厚指标,将患者分为左心室肥厚组(32例)和非左心室肥厚组(36例)。以颈动脉-股动脉肢体动脉搏动波(cfPWV)和脉压作为评价动脉僵硬度指标,进行24 h动态血压监测、cfPWV及超声心动图检测,并进行多因素相关分析。结果左心室肥厚组较非左心室肥厚组患者cfPWV高[(14.45±1.83)m/s vs(10.89±1.94)m/s]、脉压大[(78.66±9.05)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs(60.39±7.74)mm Hg],两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),logistic回归分析显示,LVMI与cfPWV、脉压呈正相关。结论动脉僵硬度增加是老年高血压患者左心室肥厚的重要危险因素。     

扩张型心肌病心律失常60例分析

目的探讨扩张型心肌病心律失常的相关因素。方法扩张型心肌病患60例，对比分析超声心动图与24h 12导联动态心电图。结果房性心律失常组较非房性心律失常组左心房明显扩大（P〈0．01），传导阻滞组较非传导阻滞组左心室明显扩大（P〈0．05），复杂（或恶性）室性心律失常组较非复杂（或恶性）室性心律失常组左心室明显增大（P〈0．05）。结论扩张型心肌病并发房性心律失常与心房扩大有关，传导阻滞的发生与左心室扩大有关，复杂（或恶性）室性心律失常的发生与左心室扩大有关。     

冠状动脉血流储备与高血压左室肥厚患者室性心律失常的关系

对２２例正常人（Ａ组）、３０例高血压无左室肥大（ＬＶＨ）的病人（Ｂ组）及４０例高血压伴ＬＶＨ的病人（Ｃ组）的冠状动脉血流储备（ＣＦＲ）用经食道多普勒超声的方法进行了检查，以研究室性心律失常的发生与高血压伴ＬＶＨ及ＣＦＲ的可能关系。研究发现，与Ｂ组病人相比，Ｃ组病人ＣＦＲ显著降低，室性心律失常及复杂室性心律失常的发生率显著增高（分别为９０％，６０％比３０％，１０％，Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｃ组病人中有ＣＦＲ降低者室性心律失常及复杂室性心律失常的发生率最高（９６．８％及６７．７％）．Ｃ组病人中无ＣＦＲ降低者，其室性心律失常及复杂室性心律失常之发生率与高血压无ＬＶＨ但有ＣＦＲ降低者相似（分别为６６．７％，２２．２％及６０％，２０％）。研究结果提示，在高血压病人ＬＶＨ及ＣＦＲ降低是室性心律失常发生的两个相加作用的危险因素。     

老年高血压患者血压变异性与靶器官损害的关系

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压变异性(BPV)与靶器官损害的关系。方法选择133例老年人群临床资料,分为高血压组98例和对照组35例,进行24 h动态血压监测,比较2组24 h、昼间、夜间收缩压和舒张压的平均值及标准差,以标准差代表BPV的值。根据昼间收缩压标准差的第50百分位数将高血压组分为昼间高BPV组48例和昼间低BPV组50例,比较2组的危险因素、颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)和微量白蛋白尿。结果高血压组24 h、昼间、夜间收缩压和收缩压变异性明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);昼间高BPV组IMT、LVMI明显高于昼间低BPV组[(1.09±0.44)mm vs(0.94±0.17)mm,P<0.05;(239.97±52.87)g/m~2 vs(208.41±46.10)g/m~2,P<0.01]。多元线性回归分析显示,昼间收缩压变异性与颈总动脉IMT、LVMI独立相关。结论老年高血压患者BPV较高,昼间收缩压变异性是颈总动脉IMT增厚和左心室肥厚的预测指标。     

Electrocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy with time-voltage QRS and QRST-wave areas

The sum of time-voltage QRS areas in the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has outperformed other 12-lead ECG indices for detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We assessed indices of time-voltage QRS and T-wave (QRST) areas from body surface potential mapping (BSPM) for detection of and quantitation of the degree of LVH. We studied 42 patients with echocardiographic LVH (LVH group) and 11 healthy controls (controls). QRST area sums were calculated from 123-lead BSPM and from the 12-lead ECG for comparison. Leadwise discriminant indices and correlation coefficients were used to identify optimal recording locations for QRST area-based LVH assessment. BSPM QRS area sum was greater in the LVH group than in controls (3752 +/- 1259 vs 2278 +/- 627 microV s, respectively; P<0.001) and at 91% specificity showed 74% sensitivity for LVH detection. The 12-lead QRS area sum performed similarly. Taking T-wave areas into account did not improve the results. QRS area sum from two most informative leads (located in the upper and lower right precordium) also separated the LVH group from controls (61.1 +/- 23.5 vs 27.8 +/- 6.5 microV s, respectively; P<0.00001). This 2-lead QRS area sum showed 90% sensitivity with 100% specificity for LVH detection and maintained high correlation to indexed left ventricular mass (r=0.732; P<0.001). In conclusion, the BSPM QRS area sum compared to 12-lead QRS area sum does not substantially improve LVH assessment. The 2-lead QRS area sum may improve ECG QRS area-based LVH assessment.     

原发性高血压心律失常的预测因素

目的：探讨原发性高血压（EH）心律失常的预测因素,方法：采用超声心动图和动态心电图观察EH患152例,按左室肥厚,左房增大,心肌缺血,年龄,病程分类,并比较各类与心律失常关系。结果：（1）EH左室肥厚组室性心律失常发生率高于左室正常组,尤其是Lown3级以上更为显（P＜0．01）,（2）左房增大组阵发性房速或房颤发生率高于左房正常组（P＜0．05）,（3）心肌缺血组易导致严重室性心律失常;（4）年龄大及病程长易发生室性心律失常,尤其是严重室性心律失常,结论：左室肥厚,左房增大,心肌缺血,左室舒张功能减退是EH心律失常的预测因素。     

老年人高血压左室肥厚与心律失常关系的研究

目的探讨老年人高血压左室肥厚(LVH)与心律失常的关系。方法对178例老年高血压患者进行超声心动图及Holter检查,比较有LVH及无LVH两组各类心律失常的发生情况。结果178例老年高血压患者并发LVH81例(45·5%),LVH组各种心律失常的发生率与非LVH组比较,差别均有显著性意义(P<0·01),LVH组复杂性室性心律失常(CVA)为39例(48·1%),显著高于无LVH组的17·5%(17例)(P<0·01)。结论老年人高血压LVH与心律失常的发生有密切关系,且与CVA成正相关。