全覆膜金属支架治疗良性胆道狭窄的初步研究

目的探讨全覆膜胆道金属支架治疗良性胆道狭窄的安全性及其疗效。方法36例良性胆道狭窄患者行全覆膜胆道金属支架置入术治疗,术后每1～2个月接受1次门诊随访,观察并发症发生及胆道狭窄改变情况。结果36例均一次性成功置入全覆膜胆道金属支架,未出现与操作相关的严重并发症,支架放置3～6个月后全部成功拔除,其中28例（77．8％）良性胆道狭窄消失。结论置入全覆膜胆道金属支架治疗良性胆道狭窄是安全的,近期疗效显著。     

难治性食管良性狭窄的内镜下治疗进展

大部分食管良性狭窄可通过球囊扩张治疗获得缓解,但仍有部分狭窄多次扩张治疗无效或短期内复发,即所谓的难治性良性食管狭窄。难治性食管良性狭窄以反复吞咽困难为主要表现,严重影响患者的生活质量。随着内镜技术的发展,越来越多的技术应用于难治性食管良性狭窄的治疗,并取得了一定疗效,本文就目前的内镜治疗进展进行了综述。     

金属支架（Ultraflex）治疗食管狭窄

Ｕｌｔｒａｆｌｅｘ食管支架治疗狭窄１２例．其中食管癌８例，贲门癌术后２例，肺癌食管转移１例，食管烧碱灼伤１例。所有患者均置管成功，术后吞咽困难明显好转，狭窄部直径由１．００±０．６０扩张至３．０８±０．５１（Ｐ＜０．０１）．反流性食管炎为术后最常见的并发症，其次发热，食管再狭窄的发生率为４１．６７％，２例为肿瘤复发入网，１例为肉芽组织入网，１例为食物嵌顿，１例为支架扩张不良所致。     

单独内镜下安置金属支架治疗食管狭窄

我们1996年8月以来开展内镜直视下安置国产金属食管支架治疗食管狭窄28例,疗效满意。现报告如下。1 资料与方法1.1 临床资料28例患者,男22例,女6例,年龄48～78岁,平均60.5岁。晚期食管癌19例,其中合并食管气管瘘者4例。食管、贲门癌术后复发3例,食管贲门癌术后吻合口狭窄2例,食管癌放疗后瘢痕狭窄4例。癌灶分布:上段2例,中段12例,下段5例。癌灶长度< 4cm16例,4～ 6cm3例,> 6cm3例。吞咽困难程度采用Wu- Wc分级法:0级为无吞咽困难,1级为进固体食物困难,2级为进半流体食物受阻,3级为进流体食物受阻,4级为液体和唾液均不能通过。     

扩张性金属支架治疗食管狭窄8例

扩张性金属支架治疗食管狭窄８例张燕１王明春１刘剑英２Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓｅｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌｓｔｅｎｏｓｉｓ／ｅｔｉｏｌｏｇｙ；ｅｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌｓｔｅｎｏｓｉｓ／ｔｈｅｒａｐｙｕｓｅ；ｅｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌｎｅｏｐｌａｓｍｓ／ｃｏｍｐｌ...     

良性食管狭窄的内镜治疗

腐蚀性食管炎：在我国家用苛性钠(火硷或烧硷)溶液为最常见的致伤原因，其次为强酸。食管化学烧伤一般在2周～3周后出现逐步加重的狭窄。据统计约58％的患者在1月内发生狭窄，80％发生于2个月内，几乎100%发生于8个月内。狭窄部位的食管组织失去正常的分层结构，成为疤痕性的硬管。狭窄部位多数冗长，形状曲折极不规则，有时可多发狭窄。而且此时食管壁挛缩变簿，治疗最为困难，并发症多见。     

可回收食管覆膜支架在26例难治性食管良性狭窄中的应用体会

难治性食管良性狭窄是指经扩张等常规治疗方法治疗无效或治疗后吞咽困难症状短期内复发的食管良性狭窄。由于难以再次手术治疗或手术风险大以及并发症多似乎没有更好的解决方法。我们从2006年始应用可回收食管覆膜支架治疗难治性食管吻合口狭窄取得较好的疗效,现报道如下。     

内镜直视下置放支架术治疗食管贲门癌性狭窄

目的 探讨内镜直视下置放支架治疗食管贲门癌性狭窄的临床疗效。方法选择67例食管贲门癌性狭窄病人，行内镜检查以明确狭窄部位，在直视下先行内镜扩张术，再置入食管支架，术后密切观察临床疗效和并发症。结果全部病人吞咽困难均显著改善，梗阻好转率100％。术后发生食管返流40例(59．7％)，胸痛28例(41．8％)，发热5例(7．5％)，消化道出血4例(6％)。结论内镜直视下置入支架术能够有效地治疗食管贲门癌性狭窄，定位准确，置放安全，成功率高，严重并发症少，是一项很有价值、值得推广应用的技术。     

内镜全程直视下食管支架置入术治疗食管狭窄应用体会

目的探讨内镜全程直视下食管支架置入术治疗食管狭窄及并食管瘘的安全性、可行性,评价其疗效。方法对32例良、恶性食管狭窄或并食管瘘患者采用内镜全程直视下食管金属支架置入术。结果一次性置入成功率100%,准确率93.8%,食管狭窄的主要症状吞咽困难得到改善,近期疗效达100%。而并发症未见增多。结论内镜全程直视下食管金属支架置入术治疗食管狭窄或并食管瘘是安全有效的方法之一,是一项简单、准确实用的新技术。     

内镜下置放食管支架治疗食管贲门癌食管狭窄12例

1997年4月至1998年3月，我院采用内镜下预扩张、镊钛记忆合金食管内支架放置术治疗了12例无手术指征的晚期食管癌和贲门癌食管狭窄患者，取得良好的治疗效果，现报告如下。     

被膜食管支架治疗食管贲门良性狭窄32例

目的:评价被膜食管支架治疗食管贲门良性狭窄的疗效和安全性.方法:选择食管贲门良性狭窄患者32例,根据不同患者选择合适的被膜食管支架置入狭窄段.观察操作成功率、吞咽困难改善情况、术中术后并发症的发生及其处理等.结果:32例均一次性成功置入支架,支架置入后吞咽困难症状均得到持续改善.所有患者未出现食管穿孔、出血等严重并发症,但均出现不同程度的胸骨后闷胀隐痛不适,其中4例患者胸痛较明显,肌注止痛荆后缓解:3例出现支架脱落:1例出现支架近端肉芽组织增生.支架置入后可有效封闭食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘等.术后6 mo可经内镜成功取出支架.结论:内镜下置入被膜食管支架是治疗食管贲门良性狭窄的一种安全、有效的方法.     

Severe benign esophageal stricture following postoperative emesis

An 80-year-old man presented with dysphagia after surgery for a hepatic tumor. In the postoperative period, he suffered from emesis and thereafter experienced dysphagia when taking a solid meal. The cause of his dysphagia was a benign lower esophageal stricture that had not been detected during preoperative examinations. Conservative treatment involving balloon dilatation was not effective, and the patient finally underwent a lower esophagectomy with reconstruction of the jejunum interposition from a left thoraco-abdominal approach. Based on his clinical manifestations, pathological findings, and published reports, we suggested that he suffered an incomplete esophageal perforation after emesis that led to esophageal stricture as a result of fibrosis of the esophageal wall. This rare case demonstrates that an esophageal injury caused by postoperative emesis can result in a benign esophageal stricture.     

近端释放支架置入器在食管恶性狭窄中的临床应用价值

目的探讨近端释放支架置入器置入食管支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的临床价值。方法对20例食管恶性梗阻患者行胃镜直视下应用近端释放支架置入器置入食管支架。结果 20例患者均一次性放置成功,成功率为100.0%,术后吞咽困难评分由术前(3.58±0.22)分降至(1.10±0.28)分(P0.05)。结论近端释放支架置入器置入食管支架成功率高,操作简单、安全、定位准确,值得临床推广应用。     

Newly designed “pieced” stent in a rabbit model of benign esophageal stricture

AIM: To investigate a newly designed stent and its dilatation effect in a rabbit model of benign esophageal stricture.METHODS: Thirty-four New Zealand white rabbits underwent a corrosive injury in the middle esophagus for esophageal stricture formation. Thirty rabbits with a successful formation of esophageal strictures were randomly allocated into two groups. The control group (n = 15) was implanted with a conventional stent, and the study group (n = 15) was implanted with a detachable “pieced” stent. The study stent (30 mm in length, 10 mm in diameter) was composed of three covered metallic pieces connected by surgical suture lines. The stent was collapsed by pulling the suture lines out of the mesh. Two weeks after stricture formation, endoscopic placement of a conventional stent or the new stent was performed. Endoscopic extraction was carried out four weeks later. The extraction rate, ease of extraction, migration, complications, and survival were evaluated.RESULTS: Stent migration occurred in 3/15 (20%) animals in the control group and 2/15 (13%) animals in the study group; the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. At the end of four weeks, the remaining stents were successfully extracted with the endoscope in 100% (11/11) of the animals in the study group, and 60% (6/10) of the animals in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the mean number of follow-up days between the control and study groups (25.33 vs 25.85). Minor bleeding was reported in five cases in the study group and four in the control group. There were no severe complications directly associated with stent implantation or extraction in either of the two groups.CONCLUSION: In this experimental protocol of benign esophageal strictures, the novel “pieced” stent demonstrated a superior removal rate with a similar migration rate compared to a conventional stent.     

食管扩张、支架置留术对心脏的影响

目的 研究食管扩张、支架置留术对心脏影响的严重性及发生的相关因素。方法 对100例食管扩张、支架置留术患者术前、术中、术后进行24h动态心电记录、心向量图、血氧饱和度、心肌酶谱等生化监测。结果 术中频发室性早搏66例;短阵室性心动过速9例;频发房性早搏73例;短阵室上性心动过速21例;缺血型心肌劳损17例;低氧血症69例。分别与术前的9例;0例;7例;0例;0例;9例比较差异均有显著性。术后24h以上各项及心肌酶谱等生化指标与术前比较差异均无显著性。结论 食管扩张、支架置留术中心律紊乱及心肌缺血损害发生率高,但术后24h多能自行恢复。其发生机理可能主要与术中反复憋气导致的低氧血症有关。术前术中应做好防范及应急准备。     

三种食管支架覆膜对支架置入术后再狭窄影响的研究

目的探讨3种覆膜支架置入后引起的食管黏膜局部形态学及病理学变化特点。方法将16只新西兰大白兔分为4组,每组4只。A组置入硅橡胶覆膜镍钛合金支架,B组置入有裙边的硅橡胶覆膜镍钛合金支架（作为对照组）,C组置入有裙边的聚四氟乙烯覆膜镍钛合金支架,D组置入有裙边的聚氨酯覆膜镍钛合金支架。X线辅助下置入支架后,各组分别于术后2、4、6、8周处死1只动物,取出置架部位的食管组织分别行肉眼形态、光学显微镜、电子显微镜观察及免疫组化法检测。结果随着支架置入时间的延长,同一组内食管壁厚度相应增加,支架两端增生严重,局部肉芽组织形成及纤维化,管腔狭窄。以B组作为对照,C组相应部位同一观察时点食管壁的厚度较薄（P〈0．05）。术后2、4、6、8周光镜下观察食管黏膜炎症变化,发现A组重于B组,C组轻于B组,D组与B组相似。A组术后2周少量PCNA阳性表达,术后4周明显表达,术后6周少量表达;B、C、D组术后4、6周明显表达,术后8周少量表达。结论再狭窄主要表现为肉芽组织形成和纤维化,发生于支架两端,下端炎性反应重于上端。不同覆膜食管支架置入后引起的食管黏膜炎症变化有所不同,其中聚四氟乙烯组支架引起的黏膜炎症反应最轻,对局部食管壁的损伤出现的最晚。     

Temporary partially-covered metal stent insertion in benign esophageal stricture

AIM: To study the therapeutic efficacy of temporary partiallycovered metal stent insertion on benign esophageal stricture.METHODS: Temporary partially-covered metal stent was inserted in 83 patients with benign esophageal stricture. All the patients had various dysphagia scores.RESULTS: Insertion of 85 temporary partially-covered metal stents was performed successfully in 83 patients with benign esophageal stricture and dysphagia was effectively remitted in all the 83 cases. The dysphagia score was 3.20±0.63(mean±SD) and 0.68±0.31 before and after stent insertion,and 0.86±0.48 after stent removal. The mean diameter of the strictured esophageal lumen was 3.37±1.23 mm and 25.77±3.89 mm before and after stent insertion, and 16.15±2.96 mm after stent removal. Follow-up time was from 1 week to 96 months (mean 54.26±12.75 months). The complications were chest pain (n=37) after stent insertion,and bleeding (n=12) and reflux (n=13) after stent removal.CONCLUSION: Temporary partially-covered metal stent insertion is one of the best methods for treatment of benign esophageal stricture.     

内镜下扩张联合黏膜下注射曲安奈德在食管良性狭窄治疗中的应用价值研究

目的探讨内镜下扩张联合黏膜下注射曲安奈德治疗食管良性狭窄的安全性及其应用价值。方法69例患者随机分为3组,分别接受单纯内镜下扩张治疗（A组）、内镜下扩张联合单次注射注射曲安奈德治疗（B组）和内镜下扩张联合多频次注射注射曲安奈德治疗（C组）。比较3组并发症发生情况、治愈率、持续症状缓解时间、再次行内镜下扩张治疗的间隔时间、内镜治疗结束后Stooler分级评分。结果术后部分患者出现胸痛及反流症状,均经对症治疗后症状改善,未出现严重出血、感染、穿孔及局部组织萎缩坏死等并发症。内镜治疗结束后3组Stooler分级评分均较术前有明显改善（P〈0．05）,各组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。随访至52周,A组平均持续症状缓解时间及再次行内镜下扩张治疗的间隔时间分别为（14．4±3．2）周和（18．2±3．7）周,B组分别为（19．3±3．9）周和（24．6±4．2）周,C组分别为（20．2±4．2）周和（26．1±4．5）周,B组和C组均明显长于A组（P〈0．05）,B、C组问差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;A组治愈率为29．2％（7／24）,B组为27．3％（6／22）,C组为43．5％（10／23）,C组明显高于A组和B组（P〈0．05）,A、B组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论食管良性狭窄采取内镜下扩张联合黏膜下注射曲安奈德治疗是安全的,多频次注射可明显提高治愈率。     

Silicone-covered biodegradable magnesium stent for treating benign esophageal stricture in a rabbit model

BACKGROUND Stent insertion can effective alleviate the symptoms of benign esophageal strictures(BES).Magnesium alloy stents are a good candidate because of biological safety,but show a poor corrosion resistance and a quick loss of mechanical support in vivo.AIM To test the therapeutic and adverse effects of a silicone-covered magnesium alloy biodegradable esophageal stent.METHODS Fifteen rabbits underwent silicone-covered biodegradable magnesium stent insertion into the benign esophageal stricture under fluoroscopic guidance(stent group).The wall reconstruction and tissue reaction of stenotic esophagus in the stent group were compared with those of six esophageal stricture models(control group).Esophagography was performed at 1,2,and 3 weeks.Four,six,and five rabbits in the stent group and two rabbits in the control groups were euthanized,respectively,at each time point for histological examination.RESULTS All stent insertions were well tolerated.The esophageal diameters at immediately,1,2 and 3 wk were 9.8±0.3 mm,9.7±0.7 mm,9.4±0.8 mm,and 9.2±0.5 mm,respectively(vs 4.9±0.3 mm before stent insertion;P<0.05).Magnesium stents migrated in eight rabbits[one at 1 wk(1/15),three at 2 wk(3/11),and four at 3 wk(4/5)].Esophageal wall remodeling(thinner epithelial and smooth muscle layers)was found significantly thinner in the stent group than in the control group(P<0.05).Esophageal injury and collagen deposition following stent insertion were similar and did not differ compared to rabbits with esophageal stricture and normal rabbits(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Esophageal silicone-covered biodegradable magnesium stent insertion is feasible for BES without causing severe injury or tissue reaction.Our study suggests that insertion of silicone-covered magnesium esophageal stent is a promising approach for treating BES.