IVIM-DWI对TACE序贯氩氦刀治疗肝癌疗效的评估价值

目的：探讨基于体素内不相干运动（IVIM）双指数模型肝脏多b值DWI扫描对TACE序贯氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌后肿瘤活性的评估价值。方法：随机选取符合纳入标准的肝癌患者40例作为研究对象，先行TACE治疗；并于TACE术后4周内行氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗。所有患者于氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗后1~4个月行肝脏IVIM-DWI、MRI多期动态增强扫描及CT增强扫描。由3位副高以上职称专家单独阅片，根据影像学表现将治疗后病灶分为坏死灶、残留灶、新发灶。临床通过病理学检查或长期随访确定坏死灶、残留灶、新发灶，通过影像学与临床判断对比，比较双指数IVIM模型DWI与单指数DWI、CT平扫加增强扫描对病灶性质的评估价值，以及扫描对肝癌TACE序贯氩氦刀治疗后活性评估的敏感度、特异度。结果：CT平扫加增强扫描、MRI平扫加增强扫描在肝癌TACE序贯氩氦刀治疗后病灶性质判断方面差异无统计学意义（P=0.076），但DWI与CT平扫加增强扫描在判断病灶性质方面差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。肝癌介入治疗后坏死灶、残留灶、新发灶的ADC、Slow ADC及f值差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；残留灶与新发灶的ADC、Slow ADC值明显低于坏死灶（均P<0.01）。DWI对TACE序贯氩氦刀治疗肝癌后活性评估，当界值ADC=1.29×10^-3 mm²/s时，对肝癌活性诊断的敏感度及特异度分别达77.0%、90.8%；IVIM模型DWI当界值Slow ADC=1.18×10^-3 mm²/s时，对肝癌活性诊断的敏感度及特异度分别达82.5%、95.9%；CT增强扫描当CT净增值界值取14.40 HU时，对肝癌活性诊断的敏感度及特异度分别达75.0%、85.7%。结论：IVIM-DWI可对肝癌TACE序贯氩氦刀治疗后活性情况进行有效评估，且其评估肝癌TACE序贯氩氦刀治疗疗效价值明显优于单指数模型DWI及CT增强扫描。     

双源CT低剂量低流率对比剂注射方案结合低电压扫描技术在糖尿病下肢动脉血管成像中的应用

目的：评估双源CT低剂量低流率对比剂注射方案结合低电压扫描技术在糖尿病下肢动脉血管成像中的应用。方法：收集60例行双源CT下肢动脉成像的糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者,随机分为A、B、C组各20例。3组采用不同流率的对比剂注射方案：A组3.5 mL/s,B组4.5 mL/s,C组前1/2对比剂采用5.0 mL/s的流率,后1/2对比剂采用3.0 mL/s的流率;3组对比剂用量均为1.0 mL/kg体质量;均采用80 kV的低电压扫描技术,比较3组的基本资料及图像质量。结果：3组患者在年龄、性别、扫描范围方面差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。对于膝以上动脉,3组图像质量积分比较差异均无统计学意义（F=0.222,P=0.802）;对于膝以下动脉,3组图像质量积分比较差异有统计学意义（F=6.852,P=0.002）。在膝以下动脉显示率方面,A、C组相近,分别为84.00%（168/200）及88.00%（176/200）,B组较低,为73.50%（147/200）。结论：采用3.5 mL/s低流率低剂量对比剂注射方案结合80 kV低电压技术,可获得较为满意的双源CT下肢动脉图像质量。     

MRI动态增强扫描时间-信号强度曲线评估骨肉瘤化疗效果的临床价值

目的：探讨MRI动态增强扫描TIC评估骨肉瘤新辅助化疗疗效的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的骨肉瘤患者24例,均于实施新辅助化疗前和化疗4个周期后行DCE-MRI检查。通过后处理软件观察骨肉瘤新辅助化疗前后肿瘤的强化形态和TIC类型。根据病理肿瘤坏死率（TNR）分级法,分为反应良好组（TNR ≥ 90%）和无反应组（TNR<90%）。采取Fisher精确检验比较2组间化疗前后及2组组内化疗前后TIC类型分布差异。结果：反应不良组共12例,化疗前TIC以Ⅱ、Ⅲ型（33.3%、58.3%）为主,化疗后仍以Ⅱ、Ⅲ型（41.7%、33.3%）居多,化疗前后TIC分布差异无统计学意义（P=0.570）;反应良好组共12例,化疗前TIC以Ⅱ型（66.7%）为主,化疗后以Ⅰ型（83.3%）为主,化疗前后TIC分布差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。2组间化疗前TIC分布差异无统计学意义（P=0.103）,而化疗后TIC分布差异有统计学意义（P=0.024）。结论：MRI动态增强扫描的TIC类型可评估骨肉瘤新辅助化疗疗效,Ⅰ型曲线反映新辅助化疗疗效显著。     

MRI T1WI在子宫肌瘤高强度聚焦超声治疗前后评价中的应用

目的：采用3.0 T MRI T₁WI评估子宫肌瘤高强度聚集超声（HIFU）治疗前后的影像特征。方法：收集31例行子宫肌瘤HIFU治疗并符合纳入和排除标准的连续性患者,观察、分析其术前常规MRI序列、术后T₁WI平扫与增强扫描序列信号变化特点,评价其短期疗效。结果：31例（36个肌瘤）行HIFU治疗,消融率平均（89.11±26.16）%。消融区T₁WI信号不同程度升高,术前、术后子宫肌瘤消融区T₁WI平扫及增强扫描信号强度比值差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论：3.0 T MRI T₁WI对子宫肌瘤HIFU治疗后早期疗效的评估具有重要临床参考价值。     

能谱CT动静脉期碘含量差值对胃癌淋巴结转移的预测价值

目的 探讨能谱CT动静脉期的碘含量差值预测胃癌淋巴结转移的价值。 方法 回顾性选取经病理确诊的胃腺癌病人104例,其中男66例、女38例,平均年龄（58.79±9.10）岁。均于术前1周内进行能谱CT检查。根据术后病理淋巴结转移结果将病人分为转移组（64例）和非转移组（40例）。分别采用卡方检验和独立样本t检验比较2组病人基本资料、肿瘤病理特征及能谱CT参数[肿瘤最大径,动脉期和静脉期的CT值、碘浓度（IC）值和标准化碘浓度（nIC）值以及动静脉期CT差值、IC差值、nIC差值]。采用多因素Logistic回归分析胃癌病人淋巴结转移的影响因素。采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析并计算能谱CT参数预测淋巴结转移的敏感度、特异度和相应曲线下面积（AUC）。 结果 转移组中肿瘤低分化,T₃和T₄分期,Bommann Ⅲ、Ⅳ型占比以及肿瘤最大径均高于非转移组（均P<0.05）,2组病人性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、Lauren分型的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。转移组的动脉期和静脉期的IC、nIC以及动静脉期IC差值、nIC差值均高于非转移组（均P<0.05）;2组动脉期和静脉期的CT值以及动静脉期CT差值的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示T分期（OR=4.226）、Bommann分型（OR=3.006）、肿瘤最大径（OR=3.722）、静脉期nIC（OR=4.108）、动静脉期IC差值（OR=3.992）、动静脉期nIC差值（OR=4.607）是胃癌病人淋巴结转移的影响因素（均P<0.05）。动静脉期nIC差值的临界值为-0.35时,敏感度（0.933）、特异度（0.837）和AUC（0.918）最高。 结论 胃癌病人术前采用能谱CT检查有利于评估淋巴结转移,其中动静脉期nIC差值对淋巴结转移预测价值高于静脉期nIC。     

CT对中西医结合治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效及预后评价

目的：探讨CT对中西医结合治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的疗效及预后的评估价值。方法：选择我院收治的SAP患者106例,按照随机数字表法分为联合组和对照组各53例。对照组采用非手术常规对症治疗,联合组在此基础上给予大黄灌胃、皮硝腹部外敷治疗。治疗10 d后,比较2组的临床疗效、胰腺CT密度及CT胰腺外炎症评分（EPIC）,以及不同CT坏死分级患者的死亡率。结果：联合组总有效率为81.1%（43/53）,显著高于对照组64.2%（34/53）（P<0.05）。2组CT密度明显升高,EPIC明显下降,联合组均明显优于对照组（均P<0.05）。随着CT坏死分级的增加,SAP患者的死亡率明显升高（P<0.05）。联合组中CT坏死Ⅳ级的死亡率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：中西医结合治疗SAP疗效显著,能够改善胰腺血循环,减少渗液和胰酶释放,促进胃肠功能恢复,提高救治成功率。CT检查、EPIC及CT坏死分级对SAP患者的疗效及预后评估具有重要价值。     

ADC值与R*值在乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾小球肾炎肾功能评价中的应用

目的：探讨ADC值与R^*值对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）相关性肾小球肾炎（HBV-GN）肾功能的评价。方法：选择13例经肾活检穿刺证实为HBV-GN患者作为患者组（HBV-GN组）,同期纳入13例健康志愿者为对照组;2组均行MRI常规序列及DWI、BOLD扫描,测量并记录各组的ADC值及R^*值,通过统计软件将2组参考值进行对比分析。结果：13例临床发病以肾病综合征最多见,11例（84.6%）。2组血肌酐及尿素氮比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,血清白蛋白及尿蛋白定量比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。2组肾皮质的ADC值比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0.869,P=0.570）,肾皮质的R2^*值比较,差异无统计学意义（t=11.268,P=0.637）;2组肾髓质的ADC值比较,差异有统计学意义（t=1.646,P=0.016）,肾髓质的R2^*值比较,差异有统计学意义（t=7.736,P=0.028）。对照组肾皮质与髓质的ADC值比较,差异有统计学意义（t=6.231,P=0.003）,肾皮质与髓质的R2^*值比较差异有统计学意义（t=3.527,P=0.015）。结论：DWI及BOLD成像可准确反映HBV-GN肾功能改变状况,ADC值与R^*值在评价肾功能状态方面具有一定价值。     

子宫淋巴瘤的影像学表现分析并文献复习

目的：分析子宫淋巴瘤的临床、影像及病理表现，以期提高对该病的认识。方法：回顾性分析5例经病理证实的子宫淋巴瘤的临床及影像表现，4例行彩色多普勒超声检查，3例行CT平扫及增强扫描，1例行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果：①超声示4例子宫体积增大，肿瘤呈不均质低回声，内部探及丰富血流信号；②CT及MRI示4例子宫体积增大，内见密度或信号均匀的软组织肿块，增强扫描肿块明显强化；③病理示5例均为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤。结论：子宫淋巴瘤是一种罕见的女性生殖器肿瘤，影像表现具有一定特征性，综合其临床、影像表现可提高诊断率，但确诊仍依赖病理。     

肾透明细胞癌相对强化CT值和微血管生成的相关性研究

目的：分析肾透明细胞癌CT强化参数与微血管参数的相关性,探讨肾细胞癌CT强化的血管性机制。方法：对29例肾透明细胞癌手术标本行CD34染色,行微血管计数及形态学测量,回顾CT图像,测量并计算动脉期肿瘤CT值（VTA）,以及VTA与主动脉、肾皮质及肾髓质的CT值比值（RTA、RTC、RTM）,VTA与肾皮质、肾髓质CT值差值（DTC、DTM）,探讨微血管参数与CT强化参数的关系。根据病灶有无囊变、包膜分别分组;按照VTA和RTC大小分别分组：VTA分为<100 HU、100 HU ≤ VTA<150 HU、≥ 150 HU 3组,RTC分为≤ 0.6、0.6结果：VTA、RTC、DTC与微血管数目（MVD1）、面积（S1）、直径（D1）、周长（L1）及有腔微血管数目（MVD2）、直径（D2）、周长（L2）均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。RTA、RTM与MVD2、D2、L2呈正相关（均P<0.05）。CT强化参数与MVD2、D2、L2呈正相关（均P<0.01）。VTA<100 HU、100 HU ≤ VTA<150 HU、VTA ≥ 150 HU 3组MVD1均值之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;3组MVD2均值差异有统计学意义（F=9.80,P<0.001）。RTC ≤ 0.6、0.6 < RTC < 1、RTC ≥ 1 3组MVD1差异有统计学意义（F=3.59,P=0.042 1）;3组MVD2差异有统计学意义（F=16.10,P<0.000 1）。结论：CT强化参数可在一定程度上反映肿瘤微血管生长情况,可作为宏观上判断肾癌生物学行为的指标。     

肝脏镰状韧带旁假病灶的影像学表现分析

目的：探讨肝脏镰状韧带旁假病灶（FLP）的影像学表现。方法：选择60例FLP，均行CT平扫和增强扫描，其中18例加行MRI平扫及增强扫描，探讨其形成原因。结果：60例均为单发病灶，位于左内叶51例，左外叶9例。CT平扫呈低密度10例、等密度50例。MRI平扫T₁WI双回波正反相位呈等、等信号15例，呈等、低信号2例，呈低、低信号1例，16例在脂肪抑制T₂WI均为等信号；增强扫描动脉期、平衡期呈等、低密度信号，门脉期均为低密度信号。结论：FLP影像表现典型，CT结合MRI检查可提高其诊断准确率。     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。