盆底肌肉训练联合神经肌肉刺激在改善高龄初产妇产后尿潴留患者膀胱功能中的作用机制分析

目的:研究神经肌肉刺激联合盆底肌肉训练对高龄初产妇产后尿潴留患者膀胱功能的影响.方法:选取本院我科于2019年9月至2020年12月期间收治的97例高龄初产妇产后尿潴留患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=48)和观察组(n=49).对照组患者采取神经肌肉刺激治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上增加盆底肌肉训练.对比两组患者治疗1 m后的自主排尿效果、干预前1 d和干预1 m后的膀胱容积、尿流情况,以及干预后3 m内尿潴留复发率.结果:干预后,观察组自主排尿总有效率、膀胱初感容积、最大膀胱容积、最大尿流率、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者尿潴留复发率明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:神经肌肉刺激联合盆底肌肉训练对高龄初产妇产后尿潴留患者效果显著,能够有效促进患者自主排尿,加速膀胱功能恢复,降低尿潴留复发率,值得临床推广应用     

坐骨神经损伤模型大鼠神经传导速度及损伤运动神经元内生长相关蛋白43表达与磁刺激干预

背景：磁刺激可促进损伤神经的修复。 目的：观察磁刺激对大鼠损伤坐骨神经神经传导速度及相应水平脊髓运动神经元内生长相关蛋白43表达的影响。 方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分为实验组(n=24)、模型组(n=24)和假手术组(n=12),用一新的长17 cm的止血钳钳夹坐骨神经至第二扣,以21.95×10³ Pa维持10 s制备损伤模型。造模后24 h,实验组每天给予0.09 T的磁刺激。 结果与结论：造模后第2,4,8,12周,免疫组织化学染色显示实验组脊髓L4~5运动神经元生长相关蛋白43的表达较模型组相应时间点明显增高( P < 0. 05);造模后12周,电生理检测发现,与模型组比较,实验组再生神经传导速度加快,波幅升高,潜伏期缩短(P < 0.05)。说明磁刺激能提高损伤坐骨神经的传导速度,增加其对应脊髓节段运动神经元中生长相关蛋白43的表达,对大鼠损伤坐骨神经的修复起促进作用。     

缩泉丸对膀胱过度活动症大鼠膀胱充盈期盆神经放电的影响

 目的: 研究缩泉丸对膀胱过度活动症(OAB)大鼠膀胱容量、压力及盆神经放电的影响,探讨缩泉丸对OAB大鼠膀胱感觉功能的作用。方法: SD雌性大鼠分别进行膀胱出口梗阻手术以复制OAB模型,随机分为OAB模型组、假手术组和缩泉丸高、中、低剂量组,给药4周后,以尿动力仪观察灌注过程中膀胱容量、压力及非排尿性收缩的变化,以多通道生理记录仪检测灌注过程中盆神经放电的变化。结果: OAB大鼠盆神经放电模式表现为放电频率先于压力达到峰值,而后压力达到峰值时,放电频率趋于平台或下降。OAB模型大鼠膀胱充盈过程中盆神经放电频率明显增强,膀胱压力上升,容量增加,非排尿性收缩增多;缩泉丸的干预能降低盆神经的放电冲动,减少神经放电增强引起的逼尿肌非排尿性收缩,降低膀胱压力,并呈剂量依赖性。结论: 缩泉丸对OAB大鼠膀胱感觉功能的调节可能是其治疗OAB的机制之一。     

化学去细胞同种异体神经移植修复大鼠骶1神经缺损

背景：自体神经移植是修复周围神经损伤中最常用的方法。 目的：探讨化学去细胞神经修复大鼠骶1神经缺损的效果,以期寻找修复周围神经缺损较为理想的方法和材料。 方法：取SD大鼠骶1神经,采用化学去细胞法处理大鼠骶1神经的免疫原性成分,使其成为去细胞神经。将Wistar大鼠右侧骶1神经制成1 cm缺损模型,用SD大鼠去细胞同种异体神经移植修复大鼠骶1神经的缺损。 结果与结论：与术前相比,术后8周逼尿肌漏尿点降低,膀胱最大容积和膀胱顺应性升高(P < 0.05)。神经纤维细丝蛋白染色结果显示,右侧经同种异体神经移植修复的神经吻合口断端被染成绿色,神经纤维排列整齐分布均一,再生神经轴突长入远端神经。左侧正常神经形态均一,神经纤维排列整齐分布均一未见轴突长入远端神经。结果表明,化学去细胞同种异体神经的抗原性明显降低,可修复高等哺乳类动物的周围神经损伤。     

链尿佐菌素制备糖尿病神经源性膀胱大鼠模型

目的对使用单次腹腔注射大剂量链尿佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病神经源性膀胱大鼠模型的方法进行探讨。方法使用随机分组的方法将30只SPF级健康雄性sD大鼠随机分成正常对照组（NC组）10只、糖尿病组（DM组）20只;给予糖尿病组大鼠单次腹腔注射链尿佐菌素（60mg／kg）,同时给予对照组大鼠相同剂量的柠檬酸钠缓冲液,3d后测空腹血糖,血糖≥16．7mmol／L大鼠入选为糖尿病组模型。后观察大鼠一般指标（精神、皮毛光泽度、血糖、体重、饮食量、饮水量等）,8周时取出膀胱测残尿量、膀胱湿重、行HE染色。结果3d后糖尿病组大鼠糖尿病成模率达到90％,8周后血糖值稳定,糖尿病组膀胱HE染色有明显病理改变。DM组中糖尿病大鼠模型的糖尿病神经源性膀胱大鼠模型成模率为100％。结论通过单次大剂量腹腔注射链尿佐菌素（60mg／kg）可快速制备稳定的糖尿病大鼠模型,且在此基础上诱导神经源性膀胱大鼠模型的成功率高,在8周时其成模率可达100％。是目前一种简便、快速获取稳定糖尿病神经源性性膀胱大鼠模型的方法。     

电针改善脊髓损伤大鼠逼尿肌的形态结构和膀胱功能

背景：大量临床和基础研究表明，电针能够改善骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的功能。目的：观察电针对骶上脊髓损伤大鼠膀胱功能及结缔组织生长因子表达的影响。方法：将48只雌性SD大鼠随机分为4组，每组12只：空白组不做任何处理；假手术组仅暴露T8椎体下脊髓；模型组建立T8椎体下脊髓横断损伤模型；电针组建立T8椎体下脊髓横断损伤模型后第19天给予电针干预，选择“次髎”“中极”“三阴交”三穴，20 min/次，1次/d，连续干预10 d。干预结束后，进行相关指标检测。结果与结论：(1)尿流动力学检测：与空白组比较，模型组大鼠漏尿点压、膀胱最大容量、膀胱最大压力均升高(P <0.05)；与模型组比较，电针组大鼠漏尿点压、膀胱最大容量、膀胱最大压力均下降(P <0.05)；(2)苏木精-伊红染色：与空白组比较，模型组大鼠膀胱上皮细胞排列紊乱，固有膜被破坏，逼尿肌肌束肥大，肌纤维排列紊乱，组织水肿明显；与模型组比较，电针组大鼠膀胱上皮细胞排列相对规则有序，膀胱纤维化及组织水肿程度相对减轻；(3)Masson染色：模型组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌纤维化程度较重，电针组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌纤维化程度轻于模型组；(4...     

电针对骶髓损伤后神经源性膀胱容量及其组织形态学的影响

背景：骶段的脊髓和腰椎病变导致脊髓损伤使骶髓初级排尿中枢受损或其周围神经(副交感和体神经)病变引起逼尿肌无反射,会导致尿潴留,进而导致膀胱组织细胞形态学也发生了病理性变化。 目的：观察电针次髎、中极、三阴交穴对骶髓损伤后尿潴留模型大鼠最大膀胱容量及其组织形态学的影响。 方法：SD雌性大鼠40只,随机抽取10只为空白组,其余制备骶髓损伤模型后随机摸球法均分为模型组、电针穴位组和电针对照点组。模型组大鼠只捆绑不针刺,穴位组取大鼠“次髎”、“中极”、“三阴交”,对照点组取非穴对照点,针刺后加电针,均治疗20 min。且所有大鼠在治疗后第14天和第22天行膀胱容量检测,治疗结束后取膀胱组织行苏木精-伊红染色观察大鼠膀胱组织形态学变化。 结果与结论：①电针穴位组最大膀胱容量较治疗前明显降低(P < 0.01),并且较对照点组疗效更明显(P < 0.05),穴位组膀胱容量差值(d值)较对照点组差异更明显(P < 0.05)。②电针穴位组膀胱组织形态学较模型组及对照点组有明显改善。说明电针次髎、中极、三阴交穴可有效降低骶髓损伤后尿潴留大鼠最大膀胱容量并使受损的膀胱组织细胞得到一定程度修复。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

电针刺激对神经干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤大鼠后肢功能的影响

背景：单纯的神经干细胞移植对受损脊髓组织的修复作用并不理想,为了进一步提高移植细胞在体内的存活、增殖及定向分化为神经元的比例,必须进一步改善脊髓损伤区的微环境。 目的：观察神经干细胞移植联合电针刺激对脊髓损伤大鼠后肢功能及电生理的影响。 方法：将脊髓损伤模型SD大鼠72只按随机数字表法分为4组：对照组尾静脉注入培养液,神经干细胞组经尾静脉注入等体积神经干细胞悬液,电针刺激组自模型完成6 h起采用督脉加体穴电针1周,联合组尾静脉注射神经干细胞后,同时采用督脉加体穴电针1周。分别于造模前、造模后1,3 d、1-4 周通过BBB评分、斜板试验进行运动功能评定。造模后4周取材行病理切片苏木精-伊红染色,荧光显微镜观测CM-Dil 标记的神经干细胞存活及分布情况,辣根过氧化物酶示踪观察神经纤维再生情况,运动诱发电位和体感诱发电位观察大鼠神经电生理恢复情况。 结果与结论：造模后2-4周大鼠下肢运动功能评价联合组优于神经干细胞组及电针刺激组,神经干细胞组和电针刺激组优于对照组。造模后4周,神经干细胞组和电针刺激组损伤区可见少量神经轴索样结构,脊髓空洞较小,联合组可见较多神经轴索样结构,未见脊髓空洞。造模后4周,CM-Dil 阳性细胞和辣根过氧化物酶阳性神经纤维数：联合组>神经干细胞组与电针刺激组>对照组,各组之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。运动诱发电位和体感诱发电位的潜伏期：联合组<神经干细胞组与电针刺激组<对照组,各组之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);运动诱发电位和体感诱发电位的波幅：联合组>神经干细胞组与电针刺激组>对照组,各组之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果提示神经干细胞移植的同时联合电针刺激能够促进脊髓损伤大鼠神经突触的再生,改善其大鼠肢体运动功能及电生理功能。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程      

大鼠桡神经钳夹伤后背根节和脊髓nNOS免疫阳性神经元的变化

目的研究大鼠桡神经钳夹伤后背根神经节(DRG)和脊髓nNOS免疫阳性神经元的变化,探讨NO是否参与大鼠桡神经钳夹伤后的DRG和脊髓水平的痛觉调制。方法用辣根过氧化物酶追踪大鼠桡神经的由来;大鼠桡神经钳夹伤结合免疫组化法,研究桡神经钳夹伤后DRG鄄和脊髓的nNOS免疫阳性结构变化。结果(1)大鼠桡神经的组成范围在C5～T1;(2)大鼠桡神经钳夹伤后,DRG内nNOS免疫阳性神经元的变化难以分析:脊髓后角nNOS免疫阳性结构数量减少、免疫强度下降。结论大鼠桡神经钳夹伤后,脊髓nNOS免疫阳性结构发生可塑性变化,NO在桡神经钳夹伤后的痛觉调制中有一定的作用。     

高压氧联合神经干细胞移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤

背景：单纯神经干细胞移植已应用于对受损脊髓组织的修复。 目的：以神经干细胞移植同时应用高压氧治疗大鼠脊髓损伤,观察联合作用对脊髓损伤大鼠运动功能恢复的影响。 方法：雌性SD大鼠60只,以半切法制成胸段脊髓半横断大鼠模型。随机分成单纯损伤组、神经干细胞移植组及高压氧治疗组,每组20只。伤后第4周取材行病理切片苏木精-伊红染色及BrdU免疫组织化学染色,第8周取材行辣根过氧化物酶示踪,透射电镜观察轴突的再生情况,通过体感诱发电位观察神经电生理恢复情况。造模后1,2,4,6,8周进行BBB评分和斜板实验等运动功能检测。  结果与结论：观察伤后4周病理切片,单纯损伤组未见神经轴索通过,神经干细胞移植组可见少量神经轴索样结构,高压氧治疗组可见较多神经轴索样结构。BrdU的阳性细胞数及辣根过氧化物酶阳性神经纤维数,高压氧治疗组最多,神经干细胞移植组次之,单纯损伤组最少,且各组之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。透射电镜下神经干细胞移植组、高压氧治疗组正中横断面可见新生的无髓及有髓神经纤维。高压氧治疗组大鼠体感诱发电位的潜伏期短于神经干细胞移植组,波幅高于神经干细胞移植组(P < 0.05),明显优于单纯损伤组(P < 0.01)。伤后4周神经干细胞移植组、高压氧治疗组大鼠后肢运动功能均有较明显恢复,高压氧治疗组较神经干细胞移植组恢复快(P < 0.05);单纯损伤组亦有所恢复,但程度较轻。提示神经干细胞移植对于脊髓损伤大鼠后肢功能的恢复有促进作用,联合应用高压氧有协同效果。     

超声引导注射富血小板血浆修复坐骨神经挤压伤

文题释义：富血小板血浆：是通过离心自体全血而得到的含高浓度血小板的血浆。已证实富血小板血浆中含有多种生长因子,如血小板源性生长因子、转化生长因子β、类胰岛素生长因子1、血管内皮生长因子、神经生长因子、脑源神经营养因子、肝细胞生长因子等。这些生长因子对组织的修复和再生起着重要作用。富血小板血浆由自体血液取样制备,因取材方便、制备较简单,且具有较好的促进组织再生等优点,已被广泛用于骨科领域,如：肌肉、肌腱、韧带、软骨损伤,创面修复,骨折、骨性关节炎、脊柱融合等,并逐年被应用于神经再生的研究。 背景：富血小板血浆富含影响肌腱、韧带、肌肉和骨愈合的生长因子,在此基础上,研究人员逐渐认识到富血小板血浆激活后释放的分子可调节周围神经早期炎症、激活许旺细胞、促进巨噬细胞极化及阻止胶原纤维的增生,成为神经功能恢复的关键驱动力。 目的：探讨超声引导富血小板血浆注射修复坐骨神经挤压伤的价值。 方法：将28只新西兰大白兔(北京隆安动物繁殖中心提供)随机分为4组,每组7只：正常组暴露右侧坐骨神经后直接缝合;对照组建立右侧坐骨神经挤压损伤模型;单频次注射组建立右侧坐骨神经挤压损伤模型,术后24 h于超声引导下在损伤神经周围注射自体富血小板血浆;多频次注射组建立右侧坐骨神经挤压损伤模型,术后24 h于超声引导下在损伤神经周围注射自体富血小板血浆,此后第3,5周各注射1次。术后12周,进行再生神经的组织学、形态学评价及失神经支配肌肉的湿质量恢复与组织学检测。实验经解放军总医院实验动物管理委员会批准(2015-x10-02)。 结果与结论：①与对照组比较,单频次与多频次注射组再生轴突NF-200、S100染色累积吸光度值明显升高(P均< 0.05);多频次注射组二者累积吸光度值高于单频次注射组(P均< 0.05),但仍低于正常组(P均< 0.05);②与对照组比较,单频次与多频次注射组有髓神经纤维密度、有髓神经纤维直径及髓鞘厚度明显增加(P均< 0.05);多频次注射组3指标多于单频次注射组(P均< 0.05),但仍低于正常组(P均< 0.05);③与对照组比较,单频次与多频次注射组肌肉湿质量、肌纤维横截面积增加(P均< 0.05);多频次注射组两指标多于单频次注射组(P均< 0.05),但仍少于正常组(P均< 0.05);④结果表明,超声引导自体富血小板血浆多频次注射治疗坐骨神经挤压伤具有良好的效果。 ORCID: 0000-0002-1974-3221(朱亚琼) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者护理中集束化康复护理的应用分析

目的 研究脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者护理中集束化康复护理的应用。方法 选取于2016年2月~2017年5月入院68例脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组39例。对照组选用常规方式予以护理,研究组基于常规方式选用集束化康复护理模式;比较两组脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者护理后满意度与护理前后膀胱容量、残余尿量。结果 研究组护理后满意度为97.44%,高于对照组79.49%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。研究组护理前后膀胱容量分别为（199.64±20.05）ml、（408.87±23.14）ml,护理前后残余尿量分别为（185.29±19.86）ml、（69.71±11.75）ml,对照组护理前后膀胱容量分别为（199.73±20.12）ml、（300.41±19.88）ml,护理前后残余尿量分别为（184.93±19.94）ml、（107.64±15.28）ml,两组患者护理后膀胱容量、残余尿量优于护理前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组护理后膀胱容量、残余尿量优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者护理中集束化康复护理的应用效果显著,可供临床参考。     

Topical versus systemic capsaicin desensitization: specific and unspecific effects as indicated by modification or reflex micturition in rats

The aim of this study was to determine the acute and delayed effect of topical application of high concentrations of capsaicin on the rat urinary bladder on micturition reflex and compare the effects of "topical" bladder desensitization with those produced by systemic (subcutaneous administration) capsaicin desensitization. On acute application, capsaicin (1-3%) produced a transient bladder contraction, not observed in capsaicin-pretreated rats. After a transient increase in excitability of the micturition reflex, topical capsaicin suppressed micturition and overflow incontinence ensued which was reverted by intravenous injection of 4-aminopyridine. Topical capsaicin also abolished reflex micturition in rats which had been systemically treated with capsaicin as adults (50 mg/kg, 7 days before) and reduced significantly the neurogenic bladder contractions produced by intravenous dimethylphenylpiperazinium or neurokinin A, while the direct (myogenic) response to neurokinin A was unaffected. In rats whose bladder was pre-exposed to 1-3% topical capsaicin (7 days before) the micturition reflex was affected in a manner which is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that observed in rats treated with capsaicin as adults, e.g. increase in bladder capacity with no change in voiding efficiency. Topical capsaicin desensitization of the rat urinary bladder was shown to produce a selective impairment of bladder sensory nerves without any sign of desensitization in other areas of the body using both functional (hot plate, wiping, plasma extravasation) and neurochemical (determination of substance P-like immunoreactivity) assays. Systemically administered capsaicin (7 days before) had little effect on reflex micturition at 12.5 mg/kg but the change in bladder capacity produced at a dose of 25 mg/kg was comparable with that produced at 350 mg/kg. These findings provide evidence that selective desensitization of peripheral terminals of capsaicin-sensitive nerves of the rat urinary bladder inactivates their sensory and "efferent" function in a manner similar to that observed after systemic capsaicin desensitization in adult rats. The functional deficit of reflex micturition produced in this way can be overcome by increasing the stimulus to void. By contrast, neonatal capsaicin desensitization produced a long lasting abolition of reflex micturition. These data are in keeping with the hypothesis that adult versus neonatal capsaicin desensitization may be used as a tool to distinguish between two sets of sensory nerves in the rat urinary bladder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Alterations in neuropeptide expression in lumbosacral bladder pathways following chronic cystitis

These studies examined changes in the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in lumbosacral (L6-S1) micturition reflex pathways, following chronic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). In control Wistar rats, CGRP- or SP-immunoreactivity (IR) was expressed in fibers in the superficial dorsal horn in all segmental levels examined (L4-S1). Bladder afferent cells in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG; L6, S1) from control animals also exhibited CGRP- (41-55%) or SP-IR (2-3%). Following chronic, CYP-induced cystitis, CGRP- and SP-IR were dramatically increased in spinal segments and DRG (L6, S1) involved in micturition reflexes. The density of CGRP- and SP-IR was increased in the superficial laminae (I-II) of the L6 and S1 spinal segments. No changes in CGRP- or SP-IR were observed in the L4-L5 segments. Staining was also dramatically increased in a fiber bundle extending ventrally from Lissauer's tract in lamina I along the lateral edge of the DH to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus in the L6-S1 spinal segments. Following chronic cystitis, CGRP- and SP-IR in cells in the L6 and S1 DRG significantly (P< or =0.05) increased and the percentage of bladder afferent cells expressing CGRP- (76%) or SP-IR (11-18%) also significantly (P< or =0.001) increased. No changes were observed in the L4-L5 DRG. These studies suggest that the neuropeptides, CGRP and SP, may play a role in urinary bladder afferent pathways, following chronic urinary bladder inflammation. Changes in CGRP or SP expression following cystitis may contribute to the altered visceral sensation (allodynia) and/or urinary bladder hyperreflexia in the clinical syndrome, interstitial cystitis.     

夹伤与冰冻损伤大鼠股神经的选择性再生

背景：促进周围神经损伤后神经功能的恢复,一方面要尽量加快损伤处神经轴突的再生,另一方面需要提高近端与远端神经对接的精确度。 目的：观察机械挤压伤与冰冻损伤2种损伤模式下周围神经损伤后神经轴突的选择性再生情况。 方法：取健康8周龄雄性Sprauge-Dawley大鼠110只,分为3组,对大鼠行股神经主干夹伤、冰冻损伤或空白对照处理。造模后分别于第2,3,6,12周进行大体行为学检查,另外分别用纯蓝和荧光红标记错向长入的隐神经和正确长入的股神经肌支,逆行示踪标记运动神经元观测脊髓前角中示踪剂的分布及数目;造模后8周行电生理检查,并进行统计学分析。 结果与结论：夹伤组与冰冻损伤组大鼠术侧后腿活动范围均缩小,伸腿功能均受限,但随时间的延长,功能有所恢复。股四头肌处可记录到运动诱发电位,2组之间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。冰冻损伤组与夹伤组在荧光显微镜下均观察到脊髓前角红染神经元逐渐增加,造模后不同时间点夹伤组红染神经元数目显著高于冰冻损伤组(P < 0.05), 蓝色与紫色神经元数量逐渐减少。结果提示,保持神经束膜的完整性,即使损伤范围较大也能得到轴突再生中准确对接以及损伤肢体功能的恢复。     

人脐带间充质干细胞对大鼠创伤性脑损伤后血脑屏障的保护

背景:人脐带间充质干细胞在创伤性脑损伤后血脑屏障修复过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。目的:探讨人脐带间充质干细胞移植对创伤性脑损伤大鼠血脑屏障的保护作用及可能机制。方法:①将60只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑损伤模型组、人脐带间充质干细胞组及抑制剂Sunitinib组,每组15只。除假手术组外,其他3组采用大鼠可控性皮质撞击仪制作创伤性脑损伤模型;②造模后0.5,24,48 h,假手术组、脑损伤模型组大鼠经尾静脉注射1 mL生理盐水,人脐带间充质干细胞组、抑制剂Sunitinib组大鼠经尾静脉注射2×10^9 L^-1人脐带间充质干细胞1 mL,抑制剂Sunitinib组大鼠从造模前1 d开始至处死每天按80 mg/kg的剂量口服PDGFR-β通路抑制剂Sunitinib;③造模后3 d,利用干湿比重法计算各组大鼠脑组织含水量,伊文思蓝法检测血脑屏障的通透性,免疫荧光染色观察GFAP和vWF的表达,Western blot检测血脑屏障相关蛋白及PDGFR-β蛋白的表达。结果与结论:①与假手术组比较,脑损伤模型组的脑含水量、伊文思蓝含量、vWF和GFAP表达明显升高(P<0.05),ZO-1、Oclaudin-5、PDGFR-β蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05);②与脑损伤模型组比较,人脐带间充质干细胞组的脑含水量、伊文思蓝含量、vWF和GFAP表达明显降低(P<0.05),ZO-1、Oclaudin-5、PDGFR-β蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05);使用PDGFR-β抑制剂后人脐带间充质干细胞的治疗作用被明显抑制;③结果表明人脐带间充质干细胞可以降低创伤性脑损伤大鼠血脑屏障的通透性,发挥神经保护作用,其作用机制可能是其提高了损伤区PDGFR-β蛋白的表达。     

颅脑损伤促进的坐骨神经再生

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that craniocerebral injury can promote the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats, but its precise mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To further explore the action mechanism of craniocerebral injury on the repair of sciatic nerve injury using morphology and histology. METHODS:Sixty specific-pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Rats with craniocerebral injury and sciatic nerve injury were considered as the experimental group. Rats with simple sciatic nerve injury were considered as the control group. Classical Feeney method was used in models of craniocerebral injury and SunderlandV sciatic nerve injury. At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, sciatic nerve index was detected. Masson staining and NF200 immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the nerve regeneration at the anstomotic site. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the number of regenerative axons. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, compared with the control group, gait and sciatic nerve index recovered better in the experimental group. In the experimental group, Masson staining showed fewer nerve membrane collagen fibers, and the axon arranged neatly. NF200 immunohistochemistry showed that in the experimental group, the density of regenerated nerves was high, and nerves were regularly distributed. Transmission electron microscopy showed that in the experimental group, regenerative axons were regularly arranged, collagen scar was less, and myelin layer arranged regularly. Results suggested that the craniocerebral injury in rats may promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury by reducing scar collagen in nerve endings.     

Sympathectomy decreases size and invasiveness of tongue cancer in rats

The sympathetic nervous system plays a role in carcinogenesis wherein locally released sympathetic neurotransmitters affect proliferation, angiogenesis, vessel permeability, lymphocyte traffic and cytokine production. The present in vivo study was designed to investigate whether surgical sympathectomy, both unilateral and bilateral, had an effect on tumor growth, interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and lymphatics in rat tongue cancer. We used 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) in drinking water for 19 weeks to induce tongue cancer in 20 Dark Agouti rats. After 11 weeks, one group underwent unilateral sympathectomy and another underwent bilateral sympathectomy, while the third group underwent sham surgery. By 19 weeks, tumors in the bilaterally sympathectomized (BL-SCGx) rats were significantly smaller (P<0.05), more diffuse in appearance and less invasive (P<0.05) compared with the large exophytic tumors in the sham-operated rats. The relative lymphatic area was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in tumors in the BL-SCGx rats compared with the sham group. Interestingly, the tumors in rats that underwent unilateral or bilateral sympathectomy had a significantly lower (P<0.05) IFP than those in sham rats. Lack of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive nerves and few neuropeptide Y (NPY) positive fibers indicate absence of sympathetic nerve fibers in the bilateral sympathectomized group. The peritumoral lymph vessel area was correlated with the tumor size (P<0.001), depth of invasion (P<0.001), weight of rats (P<0.005) and IFP (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study presents evidence that deprivation of sympathetic nerves decreases tumor growth in rat tongue, probably caused by decreasing IFP and lymph vessel area.     

苦参素降低大鼠肾脏缺血-再灌注损伤

目的观察苦参素的抗大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的作用并从抗氧化方面探讨其机制。方法用双肾肾蒂夹闭45 min建立IRI模型,将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham);缺血再灌注组(I/R);苦参素治疗组(oxymatrine+I/R)。苦参素治疗组又分为高、中和低3个剂量组,在缺血再灌注前,连续7 d经腹腔注射。用自动生化仪测定血清肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,观察苦参素对肾缺血再灌注的保护作用及确定最优剂量;以最优剂量干预用分光分析法测定肾组织丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。结果不同剂量组均能明显减轻肾脏IRI的病理形态学改变,改善肾功能。与I/R组相比,再灌注72 h后,MDA水平,血清肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)水平明显降低(P<0.05);苦参素治疗组的CAT、T-SOD、GSH-Px活性改善明显(P<0.05)。苦参素无体外抗氧化作用。结论苦参素对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,作用机制可能与调控机体的抗氧化系统有关。