分段读出平面回波成像与单次激发平面回波成像DWI序列ADC值在评估子宫内膜癌肌层浸润中的对比分析

【摘要】目的：对比分析分段读出平面回波成像（RS-EPI）和单次激发平面回波成像（SS-EPI）的扩散加权成像（DWI）序列表观扩散系数（ADC）值在评估子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度中的价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的61例子宫内膜癌患者的磁共振成像（MRI）资料,其中无或浅肌层浸润（A组）41例、深肌层浸润（B组）20例。采用全瘤勾画记录T2WI上肿瘤体积,并测量RS-EPI与SS-EPI DWI序列ADC图上肿瘤体积、最大ADC值（ADCmax）、第90百分位数ADC值（ADC90th）、平均ADC值（ADCmean）、第10百分位数ADC值（ADC10th）和最小ADC值（ADCmin）,对比各参数测量的一致性和准确性。分析不同ADC值在A、B两组间的差异,并采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析其诊断效能。结果：RS-EPI DWI序列ADC图测量各参数的一致性好于SS-EPI,两者与T2WI测量的肿瘤体积差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。SS-EPI的ADCmax和ADC90th大于RS-EPI（P＜0.05）,而两者的其他参数无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。SS-EPI的ADC10th、ADCmin和RS-EPI的ADC90th、ADC10th、ADCmin在B组中均小于A组（P＜0.05）,而其他ADC值在两组间均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。RS-EPI的ADCmin在鉴别A、B两组时的诊断效能最高,曲线下面积（AUC）为0.850,最佳阈值为0.474×10-3mm2/s,敏感度75.00%,特异度90.24%。结论：相比SS-EPI,RS-EPI DWI序列ADC值的一致性和准确性更高,其ADCmin在判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度时效能较高。     

磁共振多序列成像在子宫内膜癌肌层浸润中的诊断价值

【摘要】目的:探讨T2WI、动态增强成像（DCE）、DWI及联合序列(T2WI+DCE+DWI)在Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实为Ⅰ 期子宫内膜癌的43例患者的术前MRI资料,分别应用T2WI、DCE、DWI及联合序列对肿瘤肌层浸润深度进行评估,并与病理结果进行对照分析。结果:T2WI、DCE、DWI、联合序列对子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的诊断准确率分别为83.72%、88.10%、80.49%、93.02%,4种检查方法的诊断准确率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。T2WI、DCE、DWI、联合序列与病理结果的一致性Kappa值分别为0.57、0.66、0.48、0.78。结论：磁共振T2WI、DCE、DWI及联合序列对I期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度均具有较高的诊断价值,其中DCE、联合序列与术后病理结果具有高度一致性,T2WI、DCE及DWI序列均是子宫内膜癌术前肌层浸润深度评估的可靠检查方法。     

3D LAVA动态增强扫描结合MPR技术判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的价值

目的探讨3.0TMR 3D肝脏容积超快速采集(liver acquisition with volume acceleration,LAVA)动态增强扫描结合多平面重组(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)技术在判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的应用价值。资料与方法对55例经手术病理证实为2009国际妇产科联盟会(FIGO)Ⅰ期的子宫内膜癌患者行常规扫描和高分辨3DLAVA动态增强扫描,后者采用高压注射器经肘前静脉以2.5~3.0 ml/s的流率注入Gd-DTPA 0.2 mmol/kg体重,分别于注药后15 s、45 s、90 s、120 s、150 s及180 s 6个时相屏气扫描,分析肿瘤与正常外肌层在各个时相的强化趋势,分别计算每个增强时相肿瘤与正常外肌层的对比噪声比(CNR)。选取CNR最大时相的增强图像,采用MPR技术判断肿瘤肌层浸润深度,并与手术病理对照。根据2009年FIGO子宫内膜癌新分期的标准,即ⅠA期(局限于内膜+浸润浅肌层)、ⅠB期(浸润深肌层),计算LAVA结合MPR技术对肿瘤浸润肌层深度的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果在动态增强图像上,所有...     

3.0T磁共振LAVA动态增强判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的价值

目的探讨3.0T磁共振肝脏快速容积采集技术(LAVA)动态增强判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的应用价值。资料与方法回顾性分析52例子宫内膜癌的T2WI和LAVA动态增强图像,以手术病理结果为标准,计算两种序列诊断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果 T2WI判断内膜癌肌层浸润及深肌层浸润的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为84.4%、71.4%、95.0%、41.7%、82.7%和63.6%、82.9%、50.0%、89.5%、78.8%。LAVA动态增强判断内膜癌肌层浸润及深肌层浸润敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为93.3%、85.7%、97.7%、66.7%、92.3%和90.9%、95.1%、83.3%、97.5%、94.2%。LAVA动态增强判断子宫内膜癌深肌层受侵的准确性高于T2WI诊断的准确性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 3.0T磁共振LAVA动态增强扫描有助于提高子宫内膜癌肌层浸润术前诊断的准确性。     

3D THRIVE增强扫描结合曲面重建判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度

目的:探讨3.0T MR 3D THRIVE动态增强扫描结合任意曲面重建技术,在判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的应用价值。材料和方法:对55例经手术病理证实的子宫内膜癌患者进行常规扫描和高分辨3D THRIVE动态增强扫描,后处理采用任意曲面重建,分析肿瘤的MR征象和肌层浸润深度,并与手术病理对照,计算两种扫描方法对肿瘤浸润肌层深度的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果:采用3D THRIVE增强扫描结合曲面重建,较常规扫描能更加清晰显示病灶侵犯范围,对肿瘤局限于内膜、肿瘤浸润浅肌层、肿瘤浸润深肌层的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为75.0%、97.6%、75.0%、97.6%、95.6%;86.9%、91.3%、90.9%、87.5%、89.1%;94.7%、92.6%、90.0%、96.2%、93.5%。常规扫描则相应为50.0%、95.0%、50.0%、95.0%、91.3%;78.3%、73.9%、75.0%、77.3%、71.7%;68.4%、81.5%、72.2%、78.6%、80.4%。结论:采用高分辨3D THRIVE技术进行平扫、动态增强检查并结合曲面重建,较常规扫描判断肿瘤侵犯子宫肌层的准确性有显著提高,为临床制定正确的治疗计划提供了帮助。     

MRI对子宫内膜癌肌层浸润的判断及术前分期准确性分析

目的:与病理结果做对照,分析MRI对Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润判断的准确性,以提高MRI在子宫内膜癌术前分期的应用.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的48例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的MRI表现,判断其肌层浸润程度,根据FIGO分期原则进行分期,并与术后病理结果对照.结果:MRI判断为Ⅰa期13例,Ⅰb期26例,Ic期9例,MRI对子宫内膜癌分期与病理分期的一致性检验Kappa值为0.758 (P＜0.05),一致性较高;Ⅰ a期的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为80.0％％、97.0％、91.7％、92.3％、91.4％;Ⅰ b期的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为88.0％、82.6％、85.4％、84.6％、86.4％;Ⅰ c期的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为87.5％、95.0％、93.8％、77.8％、97.4％.结论:MRI能较准确显示子宫内膜癌癌灶大小、侵犯范围及深度,对判断I期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润及术前分期有一定价值.     

MRI动态增强对子宫内膜癌肌层侵犯的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI动态增强黏膜下强化带评估子宫内膜癌肌层侵犯的准确性及不同瘤周强化模式的临床价值.方法 搜集影像资料完整并经手术病理证实的75例子宫内膜癌患者对其MRI动态增强图像进行回顾性分析.由2名影像科医师评估每例黏膜下强化带的完整性及瘤周强化模式(瘤周早期局灶性强化和瘤周早期不规则薄层强化)并记录,以手术病理为金...     

子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度和总体分期的评估:对比分析扩散加权和动态增强MR成像

目的比较MR扩散加权(DW)成像与动态增强(DCE)成像在子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度和总体分期中的诊断作用。材料与方法本回顾性研究获得机构审查委员会批准,无需病人同意。从2008年5月—2010年2月共48例子宫     

MRI成像对子宫内膜癌侵犯肌层的评估

目的探讨MRI对子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的评估价值。方法回顾性分析67例经分段刮宫并施行手术治疗的子宫内膜癌患者MRI表现,并与术后病理结果进行对照。结果 MRI判断子宫内膜癌局限于内膜、浸润浅肌层、浸润深肌层及浸透浆膜层的准确性分别为92.5%、80.5%、88.0%、80.5%。结论磁共振可多方位、多序列、多角度成像,对软组织有较高分辨率,对准确判断子宫内膜癌肌层有无浸润具有明显优势。     

鼻咽癌磁共振灌注定量参数及ADC值与T分期的关系

目的：探讨鼻咽癌（NPC）磁共振灌注成像（PWI）定量参数及扩散加权成像（DWI）参数ADC 值与T 分期之间的相关性。方法：对94例NPC初治患者行PWI、DWI和T分期,分析PWI参数及ADC值与T分期之间的相关性,比较高低T分期NPC之间各 MR参数值的差异。结果：T 分期分别与 Ktrans （r＝0．226,P＝0．029）和 Ve （r＝0．553,P＝0．000）呈正相关,与Kep呈负相关（r＝－0．350,P＝0．001）。未发现T 分期与 fPV（r＝－0．122,P＝0．240）及 ADC 值（r＝－0．056,P＝0．592）之间存在线性相关。Ktrans、Kep和 Ve 值在 Thigh组（T3和 T4期 NPC）分别为（0．386±0．171）、（1．333±0．436）min－1和（0．302±0．107）,在 Tlow组（T1和 T2期 NPC）分别为（0．313±0．115）min－1、（1．552±0．472）min－1和0．219±0．102,两组间的差异有统计学意义。fPV和ADC值在Thigh组分别为（0．017±0．021）和（0．935±0．144）×10－3 s／mm2,在Tlow组分别为（0．019±0．018）和（0．950±0．196）×10－3 s／mm2,两组间的差异无统计学意义。与Ktrans和Kep值相比,Ve 值在判别Thigh组和Tlow组上诊断效能最大,其敏感性为91．8％、特异性为63．2％。结论：PWI定量参数可以反映不同T分期NPC在内部微循环灌注上的差异,而ADC值难以区分不同T分期NPC之间在水分子扩散方面的差别。     

Transvaginal sonography in endometrial carcinoma: preoperative assessment of the depth of myometrial invasion in 50 cases

Objective: A prospective study was designed for patients previously diagnosed of endometrial carcinoma to evaluate the accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in determining both the presence and the depth of myometrial invasion. Patients with advanced stage disease (III and IV) were specifically excluded from the analysis. Subjects and methods: Sixty patients with endometrial carcinoma underwent transvaginal ultrasonography. Ten of these patients were ruled out due to various reasons. In the remaining 50 cases, TVS findings were compared with those obtained after total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (AHT). Results: The sensitivity of TVS in detecting deep invasion, i.e. more than 50% of the myometrial thickness was 94.1%, while the specificity was 84.8% and the overall accuracy was 88%. Following the classification of the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stage I, which divides myometrial invasion into three categories (none, superficial involvement and deep invasion) sensitivity was 66.2%, specificity was 83.1% and overall accuracy was 77.2%. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with those reported in literature with regard to overall accuracy of TVS. Results are similar to those obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without contrast and slightly lower than MRI plus contrast.     

ADC值评估直肠癌放化疗后降期的可行性

目的：探讨ADC值升高程度评估直肠癌放化疗后降期与否的可行性。方法：60例直肠癌患者根据术前磁共振检查结果和术后病理诊断分为T降期组（T分期降低）和T-未降期组（T分期不变或升高）,记录并分析放化疗治疗前、放化疗后第7天、第14天以及手术前直肠癌患者的ADC值。结果：两组ADC值均呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其中T降期组放化疗后第7天ADC值较放化疗前显著增高,差异有统计学意义（t=1．293,P=0．000）。两组患者的ADC值在同一时间监测点的差异近似,差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。以放化疗后第7天直肠癌患者平均ADC值的变化幅度作为判定是否降期的标准,以ADC值增高幅度≥18．6％为标准时,判定患者对放化疗敏感的敏感度为60．7％,特异度为100％,ROC曲线下面积为0．823。结论：扩散加权成像ADC值用于评估直肠癌患者对放化疗是否敏感及放化疗后降期与否具有一定价值。     

CT evaluation of myometrium invasion in endometrial carcinoma

Myometrium invasion (M) is one of the principal prognostic factors in the early clinical stages of endometrial carcinoma and can be evaluated presurgically only by CT, although with conflicting results. We compared CT of 65 patients with early clinical stage endometrial carcinomas with the corresponding anatomopathological findings. Myometrial infiltration of the same degree may present different CT images. Therefore, we identified five fundamental CT patterns, each of which corresponded to one of the three degrees of myometrium infiltration (M1, M2, M3). Furthermore, we defined the infiltration index as the ratio of minimum free myometrium to maximum free myometrium. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 76%; however, for clinical purposes CT provided adequate guidelines for therapeutic decisions in 93% of the cases. These criteria proved to be less reliable in elderly women with atrophic myometria, especially when the neoplasia was polypoid in shape.     

Myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma: sonographic assessment

The depth of myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma was evaluated using real-time sonography (US) in 20 patients with histologically proved adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. In 14 of 20 (70%) cases, US-based estimation of the depth of myometrial invasion was within 10% of the actual measurement in the gross specimen. The US-based estimation of tumor invasion was low in seven patients, high in four patients, and agreed with pathologic findings (+/- 5%) in nine patients. In four patients with polypoid intraluminal extension of tumor, a deeply invasive tumor was suspected on US but was not found on pathologic examination. In 12 superficially invasive tumors, the continuity of the demarcating subendometrial halo was intact in nine and incomplete in three. In six patients with deeply invasive tumors, this zone was partially disrupted in four, totally disrupted in one, and intact in one. Errors of estimation of the depth of myometrial invasion on US most frequently occurred when a tumor had a significant intraluminal polypoid extension. Demonstration of a subendometrial halo usually indicated superficial invasion, whereas the absence of a halo was frequently associated with deep invasion.     

ADC值鉴别胃癌淋巴结性质的研究

目的 探讨ADC值鉴别胃癌转移与非转移淋巴结的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的43例胃癌患者的临床资料及术前MRI图像,测量胃癌转移与非转移淋巴结的长径、短径、最小ADC值以及右肾门层面右侧竖脊肌ADC值,计算相对ADC值(rADC),利用ROC曲线下面积评价上述各项指标鉴别胃癌转移与非转移淋巴结的诊断效能.结果 转移淋巴结短径和长径均大于非转移淋巴结,且两者差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001;P＜0.001);转移淋巴结的最小ADC值和rADC值均低于非转移淋巴结,且差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.001;P＜0.001);短径、长径、最小ADC值和rADC值对鉴别胃癌胃周转移与非转移淋巴结均有诊断意义(Az＞0.5),其中最小ADC值的诊断效能最高,选取最小ADC值阈值为0.913×10-3mm2/s时,其灵敏度和特异度分别为87.7％和77.4％.转移和非转移淋巴结各ADC值指标与形态学参数均无显著相关性(均为P＞0.05).结论 ADC值能很好地鉴别胃癌转移与非转移淋巴结,以最小ADC值最为敏感,其诊断效能优于形态学指标.     

The value of and indications for radiotherapy in endometrial carcinoma

Today the endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor found in female genital tract. Endometrial carcinoma ought to be operated in all cases, if possible. Traditionally some form of adjuvant radiotherapy has been given. Despite the large number of patients treated by combined therapy over the last 30 years, surprisingly there is a lack of hard data on which to establish a theory for an improved outcome. It is generally accepted that the risk of local relapses in the vagina is lowered when postoperative vaginal irradiation is applied. The question of the value of additional external irradiation in stage I endometrial cancer still is unsettled. Only two prospective studies led to the conclusion that only patients with poorly differentiated tumors and with deep infiltration of the myometrium might benefit from additional external radiotherapy. Therefore a simple score for these risk factors is proposed enabling assignment into patient groups of similar risk on the base of a point system due to individual prognostic factors. With a score of one to two points prognosis is very good and adjuvant irradiation seems not to be necessary. With three to four points local vaginal irradiation is recommended, with five and more points additionally external beam irradiation to the pelvis should be given. This is necessary in more than the half of the operated cases of endometrial carcinoma. The indication for such a treatment has become more individual and "high risk" cases are treated more intensively, but "low risk" cases have to be excepted from unnecessary adjuvant therapy. In order to judge an individual case of endometrial cancer histopathologic prognosticators have to be considered. Typical adenocarcinomas have a five-year survival of more than 80%, but unfavourable subtypes (adenosquamous, clear-cell, serous-papillary carcinomas) of only 40%, respectively. Tumor grading and depth of myometrial invasion are of high importance for individual prognosis. The new histopathologic staging system of FIGO (1988) takes these items into account. Only patients with severe internal diseases should be treated with radiation therapy alone. Although radiation therapy alone can cure endometrial cancer (five-year-survival approximately 60%), the survival figures are poorer than for the operation (five-year survival 80%, respectively). It should be outlined that in inoperable cases radiotherapy is the best form of treatment.     

Diagnosis of the depth of invasion of esophageal carcinoma using digital radiography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our investigation was to determine the usefulness of digital radiography (DR) for diagnosing the depth of invasion of esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: We evaluated 59 patients with esophageal carcinomas who underwent DR. During continuous DR in tangential views, the most distended image of the esophagus was chosen. Percent esophageal stenosis (PES) was based on the diameter across the lesion of maximal narrowing and the average of the normal oral and anal side diameters. The maximal thickness of the tumor was measured on sequentially prepared specimens. We evaluated whether the percent of esophageal stenosis correlated with the maximal thickness of the tumor on histologic findings. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to establish the cut-off level for PES in diagnosing the depth of tumor invasion. Accuracies for the depth of the invasion were calculated based on PES using DR. For the accuracy rate, DR was compared with endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). RESULTS: There was a close correlation between PES and pathological thickness of the tumor. PES values (mean+/-S.D.) were 2.45+/-0.75% in Tis and T1a tumors, 13.3+/-10.9% in T1b tumors, 35.2+/-11.1% in T2 tumors, 55.2+/-18.1% in T3 tumors, and 86.1+/-7.5% in T4 tumors. Using the ROC analysis, 12.5, 37.5, and 44.4% were the highest cut-off values of PES for differentiating < or =T1a, < or =T1b, and < or =T2 tumors. Regarding T staging, 45 (76%) of 59 lesions were staged correctly with EUS, whereas 47 (80%) were staged correctly with DR. CONCLUSION: DR is useful for diagnosing the depth of the invasion because esophageal stenosis calculated using DR is an objective index of tumor infiltration. The accuracy rate of the depth of invasion with DR was as good as that of EUS.