甲状腺乳头状癌中CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO的表达及意义

目的 探讨CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO在甲状腺良恶性病变中的表达及联合应用在甲状腺乳头状癌鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 采用免疫组化EnVision法检测68例甲状腺乳头状癌、31例甲状腺腺瘤、19例结节性甲状腺肿和15例桥本甲状腺炎中CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO的表达.结果 在甲状腺乳头状癌中CK19、Galectin-3和HBME-1的阳性表达率分别为98.5%、98.5%、80.9%,TPO的阴性表达率为89.7%;在甲状腺良性病变中CK19、Galectin-3和HBME-1阳性表达率分别是24.6%、21.5%、1.5%,TPO的阴性表达率是1.5%.CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO在甲状腺乳头状癌与良性病变中的表达差异有显著性(P<0.001).联合应用四种抗体在鉴别甲状腺乳头状癌与良性病变时的敏感性、特异性、准确度分别为95.6%、98.5%、97%.结论 CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO是诊断甲状腺乳头状癌的重要标志物.联合应用四种抗体在甲状腺乳头状癌与良性病变的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值.     

卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤合并甲状腺乳头状癌和类癌1例并文献复习

目的探讨卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤合并甲状腺乳头状癌和类癌的临床病理学特征及鉴别诊断。方法采用免疫组化法对1例卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤合并甲状腺乳头状癌和类癌进行检测,并复习相关文献。结果卵巢肿物表面光滑,切开囊实性,部分区域可见脂质及毛发,部分区域呈灰白、灰黄色。镜下除可见成熟性畸胎瘤成分外,还可见甲状腺乳头状癌和类癌等成分。免疫表型:甲状腺乳头状癌成分CK19、HBME-1、Galectin-3均阳性,CD56阴性;类癌成分CD56、CgA、Syn阳性。结论合并甲状腺乳头状癌和类癌的成熟性囊性畸胎瘤是一种罕见的低度恶性肿瘤,其诊断需结合组织学形态及免疫表型。     

巨滤泡型甲状腺乳头状癌3例并文献复习

目的探讨巨滤泡型甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)的临床病理特点和形态学特征。方法采用免疫组化En Vision两步法检测3例巨滤泡型PTC,观察其组织学形态,并复习相关文献探讨其诊断和鉴别诊断。结果巨滤泡型PTC主要由大滤泡构成,内含浓稠胶质,细胞呈半透明,细胞呈矮柱状或立方状。免疫组化标记癌组织中CK19、HBME-1均呈弥漫强阳性,Galectin-3有1例呈中等程度阳性,其余2例呈弥漫强阳性。CD56均呈阴性。结论巨滤泡型PTC形态学特殊,临床病理诊断易误诊为结节性甲状腺肿或滤泡型腺瘤等良性病变,联合免疫组化检测有助于其诊断。     

联合检测CK19、MC、TPO及CD56在甲状腺乳头状癌病理诊断中的意义

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌中CK19、MC、TPO、CD56表达及在临床诊断中的意义。方法采用免疫组化Power Vision法检测669例甲状腺乳头状癌组织及423例甲状腺良性病变(增生结节132例、乳头状增生117例及甲状腺腺瘤174例)中CK19、MC、TPO、CD56的表达,并对其进行分析。结果 669例甲状腺乳头状癌中CK19、MC、TPO、CD56阳性率分别为100%、98.95%、18.98%和43.20%,CK19、MC主要呈弥漫强阳性,TPO、CD56多呈阴性;甲状腺良性病变中CK19、MC、TPO、CD56的阳性率分别为67.14%、13.24%、100%、100%。CK19、MC以阴性或中弱阳性为主,TPO、CD56均为强阳性。CK19、MC、TPO、CD56诊断甲状腺乳头状癌的敏感性分别为100%、98.95%、81.02%、56.80%,特异性分别为32.86%、86.52%、100%、100%。结论 CK19、MC均呈阳性,CD56、TPO阴性对甲状腺乳头状癌的诊断有重要价值,联合应用可提高甲状腺乳头状癌诊断的准确性和特异性。     

VDR在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义

目的检测维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR)在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及定位,分析VDR与CK19、HMBE-1、Galectin-3、CD56及TPO蛋白的表达相关性,探讨甲状腺乳头状癌中VDR的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测VDR在98例甲状腺乳头状癌及其癌旁组织中的表达及定位,同时用Western blot验证VDR在甲状腺乳头状癌和癌旁组织中的蛋白表达,应用SPSS23.0统计分析VDR与CK19、HMBE-1、Galectin-3、CD56及TPO蛋白的表达相关性。结果 VDR在甲状腺乳头状癌中表达增高,定位于细胞质, VDR的表达与Galectin-3的表达呈显著负相关,而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤直径大小、临床分期、淋巴结转移无显著相关性(P0.01),与CK19、HMBE-1、CD56及TPO的表达无显著相关性。结论 VDR可能是甲状腺乳头状癌中Galectin-3表达的重要调节因子,VDR可作为靶向治疗的潜在生物靶点。     

p53, ki-67, galectin-3, HBME-1, 34βE12和CK19在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床病理意义

 摘要：目的：探讨p53, ki-67, galectin-3, HBME-1, 34βE12和CK-19在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床病理意义。方法：采用免疫组化检测43例甲状腺乳头状癌、37例结节性甲状腺肿、33例甲状腺腺瘤和17例桥本甲状腺炎中p53, ki-67, galectin-3, HBME-1, 34βE12和CK-19的表达。结果：p53, ki-67, galectin-3, HBME-1, 34βE12和CK-19在甲状腺乳头状癌中的阳性表达例数分别为88.37%、79.07%、88.37%、93.02%、86.05%、95.35%;6种蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌与结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤和桥本甲状腺炎中的阳性表达率相比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：联合检测p53, ki-67, galectin-3, HBME-1, 34βE12和CK-19在甲状腺乳头状癌与良性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要的价值。     

甲状腺乳头状癌细针穿刺吸取细胞学中TROP-2表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma, PTC)细针穿刺吸取细胞学中TROP-2的表达及其临床意义。方法 收集86例PTC和19例良性甲状腺结节(benign thyroid nodules, BTN)临床资料，采用免疫组化法检测TROP-2的表达，并与常规标志物Galectin-3、HBME-1、CK19进行比较，分析TROP-2在甲状腺细胞学中诊断PTC的价值及其与PTC淋巴结转移的关系。结果 86例PTC组中TROP-2、Galectin-3、HBME-1、CK19阳性率分别为95.3%、82.6%、81.4%、90.7%,在BTN中仅个别表达，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);结果显示TROP-2阳性率最高，且灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度均高于Galectin-3、HBME-1、CK19。TROP-2、Galectin-3、HBME-1、CK19诊断PTC的AUC分别为0.950、0.886、0.828、0.848,结果显示TROP-2对于诊断PTC效能最高；PTC细胞学中TROP-2表达与淋巴结转移呈正相关(...     

CK19、CK20在甲状腺乳头状癌诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨甲状腺癌中CK19、CK20蛋白的表达，提高甲状腺的诊断与鉴别诊断水平。方法：应用免疫组化染色对70例甲状腺癌（15例经典型乳头状癌、34例滤泡型乳头状癌、3例Warthin乳头状癌、2例透明细胞型乳头状癌、例柱状细胞型乳头癌、15例滤泡性癌），10例甲状腺腺瘤、10例结节性甲状腺肿和5例标本甲状腺炎中CK19、CK20的表达进行观察。结果:CK19在甲状腺疾病中的表达：55例乳头状癌中，53例为中、强阳性，2例为弱阳性；15例滤泡性癌中，13例为阴性、弱阳性，2例为中、强阳性，两者之间差异存在显著性（P＜0．05）。各癌旁滤泡、10例滤泡性腺瘤、10例结节性甲状腺肿的滤泡、5例桥本甲状腺炎也主要为阴性、弱阳性，个别为中等阳性。对CK20的表达，各型甲状腺乳头状癌、滤泡性癌、癌旁滤泡及滤泡状癌和乳头状增生、多灶性分布的甲状腺泡型乳头状癌和各种滤泡性病变有帮助，可提高甲状腺良恶性病变诊断的准确率及鉴别诊断水平。CK20对鉴别诊断的帮助不大。     

细胞角蛋白19、galectin-3、HBME-1在甲状腺病变上的表达及鉴别诊断意义

目的 研究细胞角蛋白(CK)19、galectin(Gal)-3、HBME-1在甲状腺不同病变表达的特点及鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 应用免疫组织化学EnVision法检测了21例结节性甲状腺肿(结甲)、14例毒性甲状腺肿(甲亢)、15例甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤(腺瘤)、13例滤泡性癌、13例滤泡型乳头状癌及48例经典型乳头状癌中单克隆抗体CK19、Gal-3、HBME-1的表达。结果 甲状腺病变中3种标记表达均位于细胞质;CK19、Gal-3、HBME-1的表达在甲状腺良性病变(结甲、甲亢、腺瘤)大多为弱阳性或阴性,而滤泡性癌阳性明显增加、乳头状癌(滤泡型及经典型)大多为中、强阳性,3种标记在甲状腺不同病变的阳性表达率结甲为52．4％(11／21)、9．5％(2／21)、19．0％(4／21),甲亢为50．0％(7／14)、7．1％(1／14)、7．1％(1／14),腺瘤为60％(9／15)、13．3％(2／15)、13．3％(2／15),滤泡性癌为76．9％(10／13)、61．5％(8／13)、53．8％(7／13),滤泡型乳头状癌为：100％(13／13)、84．6％(11／13)、92．3％(12／13),经典型乳头状癌为100％(48／48)、93．8％(45／48)、95．8％(46／48);在甲状腺良性病变(结甲、甲亢、腺瘤)与恶性病变(滤泡性癌、乳头状癌)间3种标记差异均有显著性(P均=0．000);同时3种标记在滤泡样病变即腺瘤、滤泡性癌和滤泡型乳头状癌间亦有显著差异(CK19：P=0．038,Gal-3：P=0．001,HBME-1：P=0．000)。结甲有9例,甲亢有7例,腺瘤有6例3种标记均不表达,滤泡性癌仅有1例,而乳头状癌(滤泡型及经典型)没有病例3种标记均不表达,同一病例有2种以上阳性表达在结甲、甲亢、腺瘤、滤泡性癌、滤泡型乳头状癌和经典型乳头状癌中分别为14．2％(3／21)、21．4％(3／14)、20．0％(3／15)、69．2％(9／13)、92．3％(12／13)、100．0%(48／48),在甲状腺良性病变与恶性病变间以及滤泡样病变间差异亦有显著性(P=0．000)。结论 CK19、Gal-3、HBME-1的检测尤其是联合检测对甲状腺病变的诊断、鉴别诊断具有较高的实用价值。     

甲状腺乳头状癌RET、CK19、TG、Ki-67的表达

目的 研究甲状腺乳头状癌RET、CK19、TG、Ki-67蛋白表达特点及其临床意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学SP法检测RET、CK19、TG、Ki-67蛋白在30例甲状腺乳头状癌、10例结节性甲状腺肿和18例癌旁正常甲状腺中的表达。结果 RET、CK19在乳头状癌的阳性率（66．7％、83．3％）明显高于结节性甲状腺肿和正常甲状腺阳性率（7．1％、25．0％）,两者差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。乳头状癌组及良性病例组TG表达阳性率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。96．7％的乳头状癌Ki-67阳性细胞数小于10％。结论 RET及CK19在甲状腺乳头状癌表达增加,具有一定的病理诊断价值。     

Atherosclerosis, and Newton, Poiseuille, Reynolds and Prandtl

Atherosclerotic fibrous plaques typically manifest at inlets of branches and in expansions etc. of large elastic arteries. A resting man with a surface area of 1.78 m(2)produces energy at a rate of 100 W (86 kcal/h), mainly by core organs. Core blood heat is convected to arterial walls and conducted through tissues to be lost from body surfaces. High losses are compensated by an increase in the basal metabolic rate, and vice versa. In laminar flow, the fluid-tube wall heat transfer coefficient is higher close to tube inlets than downstream. Unless lipoprotein etc. suspects are exceptions from the rule that an increase in temperature speeds up chemical reactions, transfer of core heat may contribute to plaque localization. In laminar flow, heat transfer is little influenced by viscosity. Hence correlations between blood viscosity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may reside in other mechanisms: viscosity limits flow relatively more in small than in large arteries, and viscosity-linked thixotropic properties of blood increase resistance to flow in capillaries and postcapillary venules (exchange vessels). The exchange vessels of large arteries belong to the vasa vasorum, in which reduction of flow induces diffuse parent artery wall changes found also in plaques. Correlations between blood viscosity and peripheral symptoms of CVD may be explained by reduced flow in vascular loops of symptomatic organs, even if maximum flow is limited by upstream plaques. Physiological differences in the type of blood flow and in blood-tissue exchange between vessels of different size may shed light on apparent paradoxes in research on CVD.     

Force-, power-, and elasticity-velocity relationships in walking,running, and jumping

Summary Ground reaction forces and mechanical power were investigated when the subjects walked normally, while they were racing or running at four speeds, and when they performed the running long jump take-off. In addition, the apparent spring constants of the support leg in eccentric and concentric phases were investigated at the four running speeds, during the running long jump take-off, and in the triple jump. Six club level track and field athletes, four national level long jumpers, and six national level triple jumpers took part in the study. Cinematographic technique and a mathematical model of hopping (Alexander and Vernon 1975) were employed in the analysis. Force and power values were found to vary in the following order (from highest to lowest): long jump take-off, maximal running speed, submaximal running (80, 60, and 40% of maximum speed), racing gait, and normal gait. The data disclosed that the measured parameters had the highest values in the long jump take-off performed by the long jump athletes. Their peak values were: resultant ground reaction force 3270±74 N and mechanical power 160.1±10.5 J×kg^–1×s^–1. For the track and field athletes the values were 2010±80 N and 126.0±12.6 J ×kg^–1×s^–1. The apparent spring constant values of the support leg in the national level jumper group were in eccentric phase 30.54±8.38 N×mm^–1 ×kg^–1 and in concentric phase 0.129±0.012 N×mm^–1×kg^–1. In the track and field athletes the values were 13.97±1.01 N×mm^–1×kg^–1 and 0.093±0.003 N×mm^–1×kg^–1, respectively. In general, the increase in force and mechanical power output was related to the value of the apparent spring constant of the support leg in the eccentric phase. The spring constant in the eccentric phase increased with the velocity of motion in running, the long jump take-off and the triple jump. This suggests that it may be possible to use this parameter as a measure of mechanical performance, as it may reflect the combined elasticity of muscles, tendons, and bones.     

Children,Technology, Problems,and Preferences

Increasingly, young people are using various forms of technology in the service of communicating with others, and many have noted the possibility of various dire consequences of this phenomenon, including sexting, cyberbullying, online harassment, and Internet addiction. In our own survey of over 300 adolescents, we found that texting and face‐to‐face communication were considered the most “convenient” forms of communication, while face‐to‐face communication and phone conversations were perceived as most likely to lead to “feeling understood” and “feeling intimate.” Face‐to‐face communication and texting were perceived as most likely to result in feeling regret for sharing too much information. By choosing to communicate through technology, many young people, including our patients, can continue to be social and, at the same time, keep a somewhat safer emotional distance.     

Effects of nicotine and caffeine, separately and in combination, on EEG topography, mood, heart rate, cortisol, and vigilance

Effects of nicotine and caffeine, separately and in combination, were assessed in 12 male habitual smokers in a repeated-measures design. Caffeine (0-mg vs. two 150-mg doses administered in a decaffeinated/sugar-free cola drink post-baseline and 90 min later) was crossed with nicotine (ad libitum own dosing vs. 1.0-mg machine-delivered dose vs. 0.05-mg machine-delivered dose). Participants smoked a total of five cigarettes at 30-min intervals over a 2-hr period. Caffeine and nicotine had large effect sizes on electroencephalogram (EEG) power; however, these effects were modulated by the eyes open versus closed condition, the other drug, and electrode site. EEG effects of open versus closed eyes tended to be of the same size and direction as those of nicotine and caffeine. However, whereas nicotine increased EEG power in some higher frequency bands in some conditions, caffeine decreased EEG power across almost all conditions. Serum cortisol concentration, vigor, and pleasantness were increased by nicotine, but not by caffeine. Level of depressive mood depended on an interaction of caffeine and nicotine. Vigilance performance was enhanced significantly by caffeine and was increased almost significantly by nicotine. The findings were interpreted in terms of common and differential mechanisms of the two drugs.     

Lipids,inflammasomes, metabolism,and disease

Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that regulate the cleavage of cysteine protease caspase-1, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and induction of inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis. Several members of the nod-like receptor family assemble inflammasome in response to specific ligands. An exception to this is the NLRP3 inflammasome which is activated by structurally diverse entities. Recent studies have suggested that NLRP3 might be a sensor of cellular homeostasis, and any perturbation in distinct metabolic pathways results in the activation of this inflammasome. Lipid metabolism is exceedingly important in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and it is recognized that cells and tissues undergo extensive lipid remodeling during activation and disease. Some lipids are involved in instigating chronic inflammatory diseases, and new studies have highlighted critical upstream roles for lipids, particularly cholesterol, in regulating inflammasome activation implying key functions for inflammasomes in diseases with defective lipid metabolism. The focus of this review is to highlight how lipids regulate inflammasome activation and how this leads to the progression of inflammatory diseases. The key roles of cholesterol metabolism in the activation of inflammasomes have been comprehensively discussed. Besides, the roles of oxysterols, fatty acids, phospholipids, and lipid second messengers are also summarized in the context of inflammasomes. The overriding theme is that lipid metabolism has numerous but complex functions in inflammasome activation. A detailed understanding of this area will help us develop therapeutic interventions for diseases where dysregulated lipid metabolism is the underlying cause.     

Degradation, bioactivity, and cytocompatibility of diopside, akermanite, and bredigite ceramics

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three bioceramics in the CaO-SiO(2)-MgO systems with different composition on the in vitro degradation, bioactivity, and cytocompatibility. The degradation was evaluated through the activation energy of Si ion release from ceramics and the weight loss of the ceramics in Tris-HCl buffers. The in vitro bioactivity of the ceramics was investigated by analysis of apatite-formation ability in the simulated body fluid (SBF). The cytocompatibility was evaluated through osteoblast morphology and proliferation. The results showed that the activation energy of Si ion release increased and the degradation decreased from bredigite to diopside ceramics with the increase of Mg content, and the apatite-formation ability in SBF decreased. The Ca, Si, and Mg containing ionic products from three ceramics could stimulate cell proliferation at lower concentration, and inhibit cell proliferation with the increase of ion concentrations. Furthermore, osteoblasts could adhere, spread, and proliferate on three ceramic disks, and cell proliferation on diopside was more obvious than that on other two ceramic disks.     

Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella

This review presents the current taxonomy of the genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella, along with the current methods for the identification of each species within the three genera, incorporating both conventional biochemical and commercial methods. While all of these organisms are ubiquitous in the environment, individual case reports and nosocomial outbreak reports that demonstrate their ability to cause major infectious disease problems are presented. Lastly, anticipated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are reviewed. Many of these organisms are easily controlled, but the advent of newer and more powerful antimicrobial agents has led to some problems of which laboratorians need to be aware.