S-100 protein in tumors of cartilage and bone. An immunohistochemical study

Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method, S-100 protein was found in well-differentiated chondrocytes of chondroma, chondroblastoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. It was not detected in osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumor, and Ewing's tumor. The presence of S-100 protein in tumorous chondrocytes and chondroblasts suggests that this protein may be a marker of chondrocyte origin and should not be considered a specific marker for nerve tissue.     

1355例骨肿瘤和瘤样病变的统计分析

A total of 1355 cases of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the bone seen in the three hospitals affiliated to our college in the past 32 years was analysed. Of them, 1170 (86.4%) were primary bone tumors, 31 (2.3%) metastatic and 154 (11.3%) tumor-like lesions of bone. Histologically, the primary bone tumors were mostly chondrogenic and osteogenic. The ratio of benign to malignant tumors was 2.8:1. Peak ages were 11-40 years. Patients with malignant tumors were ten years younger than those with benign tumors. The first three common benign bone tumors were osteochondroma, osteoma and chondroma. The vulnerable sites were tibia, femur and skull. The first three common malignant bone tumors were osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma with common sites in femur, tibia and humerus. The majority of tumor-like lesions were fibrous-dysplasia, frequently in the femur. These observations are very similar to those reported at home but quite different from those reported from other countries. In our series, the ratio of benign to malignant bone tumors was the highest (2.8:1); giant cell tumor was not among the first three common benign bone tumors; and the first vulnerable site of benign bone tumors was not femur but tibia.     

Immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein in granular cell myoblastoma

The presence and distribution of S-100 protein were studied in three cases of granular cell myoblastoma using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. Positive immunostaining was observed in all cases. The densely brown reaction products were found both in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of myoblastoma cells. The staining of the nuclei was more intense than that of the cytoplasm. In addition, both normal Schwann cells and tumor cells of Schwannomas were also stained with anti-S-100 antibody. This result further supports the concept of the neurogenic origin of the granular cell myoblastoma.     

Immunohistochemical evaluation of uveal melanocytic tumors. Expression of HMB-45, S-100 protein, and neuron-specific enolase

The authors compared the immunohistochemical reactivity of 13 uveal nevi and 20 uveal melanomas for HMB-45, S-100 protein, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. All 33 of the lesions were positive for HMB-45. The false-negative rates for S-100 protein and NSE were 21% and 18%, respectively. If only strongly positive reactions were considered, more than 50% of the tumors would be interpreted as negative for S-100 protein and NSE. Nevi stained with less intensity than melanomas using all three antibodies. The expression of HMB-45 appeared to be greater in active nevi than in inactive nevi. There was a weak association between S-100 protein reactivity and the ability of the uveal melanomas to metastasize (P = 0.1); however, the standard deviation of nucleolar area was a much better predictor (P = 0.02). These results indicate that pathologists will find HMB-45 to be a useful tool in differentiating uveal melanoma from nonmelanocytic tumors.     

Immunohistochemical study of bone GLA protein in primary bone tumors.

METHODS. The immunoreactivity of bone GLA protein (BGP) in primary bone tumors, including osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone (MFH), and giant cell tumor of bone (GCT), was investigated with anti-BGP rabbit serum and peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex. RESULTS. As to intracellular localization, BGP antigenicity was detected in 33 of 35 cases of osteosarcoma and 12 of 25 cases of chondrosarcoma. However, there were no positive findings in all 15 cases of MFH or 20 cases of GCT. In chondrosarcoma, the frequency of positively stained cases increased according to pathologic grading (i.e., 3 of 14 cases of Grade 1, 7 of 9 cases of Grade 2, and 2 of 2 cases of Grade 3). Although the multinucleated cells in MFH or GCT were not immunostained, BGP antigenicity was observed in the multinucleated cells of osteosarcoma (12 of 15 cases). In the matrix of osteosarcoma, BGP immunoreactivity of the tumorous osteoid was observed in 28 of 32 cases. However, in the matrices of chondrosarcoma, MFH, and GCT, BGP immunoreactivity was not observed. CONCLUSION. These results suggest that the immunohistochemical study of BGP is useful for the differential diagnosis of bone tumors.     

Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the lung

We detail an investigation of the diagnosis and operative method for benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the lung. In benign tumors, the preoperative diagnosis was almost the same as the postoperative one. In tumor-like lesions, the correlation of preoperative and postoperative diagnosis was poor. Since 1986, no patient with benign tumors has undergone invasive methods, but this has been required in some tumor-like lesions. Malignant tumors are easily distinguished from benign tumors but difficult from tumor-like lesions, preoperatively. Therefore, open biopsy is necessary in cases of suspicious malignancy. Then small invasive procedure should be selected due to the possibility of benign tumors.     

骨与关节肿瘤及瘤样病变2317例统计分析

目的统计分析桂林地区骨与关节肿瘤及瘤样病变的发病情况。方法本协作组1987年～2007年先后3次对桂林地区近30家各级医院骨与关节肿瘤及瘤样病变病例进行统计。结果总计2317例，良性骨肿瘤947例（40．87％），骨巨细胞瘤135例（5．83％），原发恶性骨肿瘤470例（20．28％），骨转移瘤484例（20．89％），骨瘤样病变175例（7．55％），关节与滑膜肿瘤及瘤样病变106例（4．57％）。良性骨肿瘤以骨软骨瘤最多见为（551例，58．18％），骨瘤（14．15％）与软骨瘤（13．83％）次之。原发恶性骨肿瘤以骨肉瘤（183例，38．94％）与骨髓瘤（175例，37．23％）多见，软骨肉瘤（6．4％）次之。骨瘤样病变以骨纤维异样增殖症（70例，40％）与骨囊肿（66例，37．71％）多见。多种骨肿瘤患者男性多于女性，好发年龄11～30岁，好发部位与股骨与胫骨。结论桂林地区骨与关节肿瘤及瘤样病变发病统计结果与国内外文献报道结果相似，少数病种相对多与收集范围有关。     

Immunohistochemical study of the expression of S-100 protein,epithelial membrane antigen,cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen in thyroid lesions

The diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is based on the two morphological features that best characterize this tumor, the papillae and the nuclear changes. However, both the architectural and cytological hallmarks may be encountered in other conditions such as multinodular goiter, Grave's disease, thyroiditis and hyperplastic areas of follicular neoplasms and thus produce problems in the histopathological interpretation. The distinction of these lesions from papillary carcinoma has important implications for clinical management. Thus the availability of supportive diagnostic evidence would be helpful. In the present study we compared the immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (Ck) and carcynoembryonic antigen (CEA) in different thyroid pathologies. We conclude that the strong expression of S-100 protein, in combination with EMA expression, is of value in identifying papillary neoplasia and distinguishing it from papillary hyperplasia.     

MRI在软组织肿瘤及肿瘤样病变中的应用进展

MRI是显示软组织病变最好的影像学检查技术,可以很好地显示病变及其范围,但对于病变的定性诊断特异性不高。采用系统化的诊断策略,通过几个关键性问题的分析,即以病变组织的MRI信号特征为基础,综合患者的临床资料及X线检查显示的病变内钙化和骨化情况,对有特征性表现者可以明确诊断,对不能明确诊断者可以缩小鉴别诊断的范围,而对于不能明确为良性病变者推荐通过组织学活检排除恶性病变。此影像诊断策略有助于临床对软组织病变治疗方案的制定。     

S-100 protein in granular cell tumors (granular cell myoblastomas)

Outside the central nervous system S-100 is found only in Schwann cells and satellite cells of ganglia. It has also been demonstrated in Schwannomas and neurofibromas but is absent from soft tissue tumors of non-neural origin. S-100 protein was looked for in granular cell myoblastomas using an immunohistochemical technique in an attempt to further elucidate the histogenesis of these tumors. All tumor cells in the ten tumors studied were intensely stained with antiserum to S-100 including one with some malignant features. These results support the idea that granular cell myoblastomas arise from Schwann cells.     

Detection of S-100 protein as an aid to the identification of melanocytic tumors

We sought S-100 protein in sections prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor and normal tissues by an immunoperoxidase technique with a rabbit anti-bovine S-100 protein antiserum as first antibody and aminoethyl carbazole as developer. S-100 protein was demonstrated in 56 of 56 cutaneous melanomas, regardless of their primary or metastatic status, and in 35 of 35 nevocytic nevi. The amount of S-100 protein was independent of the degree of melanization of the tumors. Only 1 of 51 non-neural non-melanocytic tumors tested contained S-100 protein. The technique is valuable in confirming the melanocytic nature of primary or metastatic tumors and in detecting small foci of metastatic melanoma in lymph nodes and other tissues. It also seems applicable to research on melanocytic anomalies.     

7 132例口腔颌面部肿瘤、囊肿与瘤样病变的统计分析

目的了解口腔颌面部肿瘤、囊肿与瘤样病变的发病情况及构成特点。方法分析1955年1月～2002年4月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院口腔颌面外科住院首诊且经病理确诊的口腔颌面部肿瘤、囊肿和瘤样病变7132例，按其性质、组织类型、性别及部位等进行回顾性统计分析。结果口腔颌面部肿瘤5013例，囊肿1848例，瘤样病变271例。肿瘤中良性占56．7％(2844／5013)，恶性占43．3％(2169／5013)；良性肿瘤常见的依次为多形性腺瘤、血管瘤和成釉细胞瘤；恶性肿瘤中以癌最常见，占85．8％(1862／2169)，尤其是鳞癌，占51．4％(957／1862)，男女之比为2．17：1。好发部位依次为舌、牙龈、颊等。涎腺良、恶性肿瘤中分别以多形性腺瘤和腺癌多见，好发部位分别以腮腺、颌下腺、腭腺和腮腺、腭腺、颌下腺多见。牙源性和非牙源性囊肿中分别以含牙囊肿(39．5％，356／900)和舌下腺囊肿(39．2％，372／948)最多见。瘤样病变以牙龈瘤(56．1％，152／271)多见。结论口腔颌面部肿瘤、囊肿和瘤样病变中肿瘤最常见，其中良性肿瘤较恶性肿瘤多见，男性较女性多见。     

640例脊柱肿瘤及瘤样病变的临床流行病学分析

目的 总结临床常见脊柱肿瘤及瘤样病变的流行病学发病情况及构成比。方法 通过对西京骨科医院骨肿瘤科和铜川市人民医院骨科1990年至2007年收治的640例脊柱肿瘤及瘤样病变患者资料进行统计学分析,观察临床各种常见脊柱肿瘤的构成比及其在不同年龄、性别及部位的发病情况。结果 640例脊柱肿瘤及瘤样病变中良恶性之比为062∶1;良性与恶性肿瘤男女性别比为1.11∶1与0.77∶1;年龄分组中良性肿瘤好发于31～40岁和41～50岁,恶性肿瘤及转移瘤好发于51～60岁和＞60岁;发病率从高到低依次为：转移瘤、神经鞘瘤、脊索瘤、骨髓瘤、骨巨细胞瘤、神经纤维瘤,其中脊柱恶性肿瘤最常见的是转移瘤,原发恶性肿瘤中最常见为脊索瘤,其次为骨髓瘤。良性肿瘤最常见为神经鞘瘤,其次为骨巨细胞瘤;良性肿瘤的好发部位为腰椎,恶性肿瘤的好发部位为骶椎和腰椎,转移瘤好发部位为胸椎。结论 在脊柱肿瘤及瘤样病变中,以恶性多见,尤其是转移瘤高发;男女性别无明显差异;转移瘤好发于60岁以上患者。     

An immunocytochemical comparison of glial fibrillary acidic protein,S-100p and vimentin in human glial tumors

Immunostaining patterns of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein (S-100p) and vimentin were studied using immunohistochemical techniques on 48 paraffin embedded glial tumors. GFAP was positive in all tumor cases except in two oligodendrogliomas. S-100p was found in most astroglial tumors and in half of the oligodendrogliomas. Vimentin was positive in many astrocytomas but in no oligodendrogliomas. Most astroglial tumors showed similar immunoreactivity for GFAP and S-100p. Fibrillary processes, however, showed stronger and more crisp staining with anti-GFAP than with anti-S-100p, whereas cell nuclei were labeled only for S-100p. Vimentin was localised mainly in juxtanuclear positions.In many astrocytomas with different degrees of malignancy co-expression of GFAP, S-100p and vimentin was found. The presence of GFAP and S-100p was not correlated with the degree of differentiation in astrocytomas. Vimentin was more positive in anaplastic astrocytomas but this finding was not statistically significant. It seems that GFAP is a superior marker to S-100p and vimentin in the identification of human gliomas.     

3409例骨关节肿瘤与瘤样病变统计分析

目的分析总结临床常见骨关节肿瘤的流行病学发病情况及构成比。方法通过对西京骨科医院骨肿瘤科1990—2007年18年收住的原发性良、恶性骨关节肿瘤、骨瘤样病变、骨转移瘤3409例的统计分析,观察临床各种常见骨关节肿瘤的构成比及其在不同年龄、性别及部位的发病情况。结果3409例骨关节肿瘤中良恶性肿瘤之比为1．12：1;良性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤男女性别比为1．28：1与1．29：1;年龄组中最好发于10．20、20。30岁,病变部位最好发于股骨和胫骨;发病率从高到低依次为：骨肉瘤、骨巨细胞瘤、骨软骨瘤、骨纤维结构不良和骨囊肿。其中恶性肿瘤最常见的是骨肉瘤,其次为软骨肉瘤和恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,恶性肿瘤的好发部位为胫骨和股骨;良性肿瘤最常见的为骨巨细胞瘤,其次为骨软骨瘤,良性肿瘤的好发部位为胫骨和股骨。骨瘤样病变最常见的是骨纤维结构不良,其次为骨囊肿;骨转移瘤最常见的部位是脊柱。结论本组统计和国内其他地区统计基本相同,与国外报道有一定差异。     

成人肝脏少见肿瘤或肿瘤样变18例临床观察

【摘 要】目的 探讨成人肝脏少见肿瘤或肿瘤样变的诊断和治疗。方法 收集2009年6月至2015年5月收治的18例肝脏少见肿瘤或肿瘤样变患者的临床资料,回顾性分析临床诊治过程。结果 18例患者中,纤维瘤2例,腺瘤3例,局灶结节性增生4例,癌肉瘤2例,错构瘤2例,梭形细胞瘤1例,原发性肝恶性间质瘤1例,肝结核1例,炎性假瘤2例。8例影像学诊断出现误诊,良恶性诊断准确率为50%。1例炎性假瘤术前CA19-9为246.4 kU／L,其他病例肿瘤标志物均正常。除1例肝结核因术中见胃小弯多发肿大淋巴结和膈肌硬结未行肝脏肿块切除及1例腺瘤患者行射频消融外,其他病例均行肝脏病灶完整切除（包括局部切除、肝叶肝段切除）。结论 肝脏少见肿瘤或肿瘤样变术前难以确诊,检查误诊率较高,主要依靠病理诊断,治疗以手术切除为主。     

Muramidase, alpha-1 antitrypsin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, and S-100 protein immunoreactivity in giant cell lesions

A spectrum of giant cell lesions was evaluated for muramidase, alpha-1 antitrypsin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, and S-100 protein immunoreactivity using an avidin-biotin-complex immunoperoxidase method. Peripheral giant cell granuloma, central giant cell granuloma, giant cell tumor, osteitis fibrosa cystica, cherubism, and giant cell tumor of tendon sheath showed similar patterns of reactivity. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions stained more intensely for muramidase than did noninflammatory lesions. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was a slightly better marker of giant cell lesions than was alpha-1-antitrypsin. Positive S-100 protein staining in half the lesions was thought to be due to the presence of Langerhans cells. The results supported the belief that giant cell lesions of bone and tendon sheath are differentiated toward cells of the mononuclear-phagocyte system and that multinucleated giant cells are derived from macrophages.