Adenosine deaminase activity in tuberculous pleural effusions: a diagnostic test

The activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) was investigated in pleural effusions from 10 patients with tuberculous pleurisy and 76 patients with pleural effusions of other aetiology. The ADA activity in the tuberculous patients was significantly higher than in the other groups, with the exception of those with empyema. Specificity (87%) and sensitivity (100%) of this test for tuberculosis is high when a reference limit of more than 53 U/l is taken.     

Adenosine deaminase activity in rheumatoid pleural effusion.

The activity of adenosine deaminase was studied in nine cases of rheumatoid pleural effusion, showing an increase in enzyme activity in all. Rheumatoid arthritis seems unique, however, as it cannot be differentiated from pleural tuberculosis on the basis of this test. Selective increase of adenosine deaminase in both conditions is attributed to stimulation of T lymphocytes in the pleural fluid.     

Adenosine deaminase in pleural fluids. Test for diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was studied in 221 patients with pleuroperitoneal effusions. Patients were subdivided into the following six groups: (1) 48 cases of tuberculosis; (2) 46 with malignancies; (3) 30 postpneumonic effusions; (4) 19 cases of several diseases; (5) 18 patients with pleural effusions of unknown origin; and (6) 60 with acellular transudates. Mean ADA activity was 92.43 +/- 29.43 U/L 37 degrees C in group 1; 13.43 +/- 10.69 in group 2; 19.91 +/- 19.64 in group 3; 14.27 +/- 17.47 in group 4; 14.48 +/- 13.92 in group 5; and 2.29 +/- 3.4 in group 6. Comparing the level achieved in group 1 with all others, the difference is significant at the p less than 0.001 level. Specificity (0.97) and sensitivity (1) of the test in tuberculosis is very high, when a value of more than 45 U/L is considered. In patients with pleural tuberculosis, T-lymphocytes predominate in the fluid but their number did not correlate with ADA-activity (p greater than 0.10). Assessment of ADA in pathologic fluids is of great value in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the pleura.     

Adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of tuberculous pericardial effusion

Not long ago, primary tuberculosis was considered a rare disease; now with an increasing incidence worldwide, physicians should relearn many of its basic aspects and manifestations. Pericarditis is a rare finding seen with tuberculosis, but its prognosis is excellent with treatment, so early diagnosis is crucial. Pathogenesis is particularly important, and it must be taken in consideration when interpreting diagnostic tools. Herein we report on a healthy 32-year-old woman who presents with a 1-month history of febrile illness, malaise, and weakness; more recently, she also had resting dyspnea, which was progressively worsening. A positive PPD and an abnormal chest radiograph prompted hospitalization, where she was found to have pulsus paradoxus of 20 mm Hg. The echocardiogram showed diastolic right chamber collapse along with respiratory variation of the mitral inflow, consistent with pericardial tamponade. A pericardiocentesis was performed with resolution of her resting dyspnea; more than 1000 mL of serous fluid drained from the pericardial space over the following 24 hours. Although sputum and pericardial fluid cultures and smear for AFB and other organisms were negative, as well as a negative pericardial fluid PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA; an elevated (44.4 U/L [normal, 0 to 18]) adenosine deaminase level in the pericardial fluid was consistent with the probable diagnosis of tuberculous pericardial effusion. The patient was treated with resolution of the clinical syndrome and no recurrence of the effusion thereafter. Adenosine deaminase, an enzyme marker of cell-mediated immune response activity to M tuberculosis that includes activated T-lymphocytes and macrophages, appears in pericardial fluid. The diagnosis of probable tuberculous effusion can be made without demonstration of mycobacterium.     

Diagnostic role of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase in tuberculous pleural effusion

Between June 1998 and June 2000, 132 consecutive patients with symptomatic exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion were studied to evaluate the diagnostic role of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADAPF) levels. The mean age was 52.2 (SD 16.3) years. The male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The analysis of ADAPF levels was measured base on Giusti's method. Tuberculous pleural effusion was diagnosed in 50 patients (37.9%). Another 59 patients (44.7%) had malignancies, 23 patients (17.4%) had miscellaneous other etiologies (including; 19 with chronic inflammations, 3 with melioidosis, and 1 with systemic lupus erythrematosus). The percentages of pleural fluid lymphocytes and pleural fluid protein in the tuberculous pleural effusion were similar to those with malignancies, but higher than those in the miscellaneous group. The mean value of ADAPF in the tuberculosis group was 93.2 (SD 56.5) U/l, which was significantly higher than for the malignancy and miscellaneous groups (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA). The mean values of ADAPF in the malignancy group were 36.7 (SD 39.2) U/l, and 31.3 (SD 23.4) U/l in miscellaneous group. Three patients were diagnosed with melioidosis and had ADAPF levels of 15, 46.9, and 49.8 U/l, respectively. One patient with systemic lupus erythrematosus had ADAPF levels of 24.1 U/l. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve identified ADAPF level of 48 U/l as the best cut-off value, which in turn yielded a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI, 73 to 87%) and specificity of 80.5% (95% CI, 73.6 to 87.4%). The positive and negative predictive values at this cut-off value were 71.4% and 86.8%, respectively. The likelihood ratios for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion in patients with ADAPF levels less than 45 U/ l were 1:4, between 45 and 100 U/l were 5:2, and greater than 100 U/l were 7:1. We concluded that ADAPF levels are a useful diagnostic test for tuberculous pleural effusion. In addition, The analyis of ADA levels can be done simply, quickly, and cheaply.     

Adenosine deaminase activity in the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis.

We studied the activity of adenosine deaminase in the peritoneal fluid of 66 patients who were divided into five groups according to causes of ascites as follows: tuberculous peritonitis (group I), septic peritonitis (group II), secondary to malignant tumours (group III), miscellaneous conditions (group IV), and control subjects of transudates (group V). In patients with tuberculous peritonitis the enzyme activity was significantly higher than for the rest of the groups (p less than 0.001), and enzyme concentrations in all patients were well above the upper non-tuberculous value. Adenosine deaminase activity in the peritoneal fluid has proved to be a simple and reliable method for early diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis.     

结核感染T细胞斑点试验联合胸腔积液腺苷脱氢酶检测对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值研究

目的?分析结核感染T细胞斑点试验（tuberculosis infection T cell spot test, T-SPOT.TB）结合胸腔积液生化检测对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法?对2019年2月—2022年2月期间就诊于河北省胸科医院的126例有肺部病灶伴胸腔积液患者展开研究,所有患者均完成T-SPOT.TB试验和入院当天的胸腔积液生化检测,依据是否存在结核杆菌感染将其分为结核组（n=48,确诊为结核性胸腔积液）和对照组（n=78,确诊为非结核性肺部病灶伴胸腔积液）。统计并比较2组患者的各项一般资料和临床资料,Logistic多因素分析结核性胸腔积液的危险因素,并应用ROC曲线分析胸腔积液T-SPOT.TB和胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶（adenosine deaminase, ADA）及2者联合对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值。结果?Logistic多因素分析结果显示,结核病接触史、结核性胸腔积液结核菌素试验阴性率较高、胸腔积液T-SPOT.TB阳性、胸腔积液ADA≥45 U/L为发生结核性胸腔积液的危险因素（P均＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示胸腔积液T-SPOT.TB和胸腔积液ADA诊断结核性胸腔积液的最佳临界值分别为276.43×106/ml和45.36 U/L,AUC分别为0.67和0.63,灵敏度分别为74.26％和69.26％,特异度分别为72.17％和68.84％,2者联合诊断的AUC为0.86,灵敏度为81.65％,特异度为79.43％。结论?T-SPOT.TB结合胸腔积液检测对诊断结核性胸腔积液患者有较佳价值。     

血清及胸腔积液抗PPD-IgG检测对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的　评价血清、胸腔积液抗PPD-IgG检测对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测58例结核性胸腔积液的血清、胸腔积液抗PPDIgG,同时与胸膜活检及胸腔积液抗酸杆菌阳性率作比较,并随机选择42例非结核性胸腔积液作为对照组。结果 结核性胸腔积液血清、胸腔积液抗PPD-IgG阳性率(82.8%,96.6%)与胸膜活检阳性率(56.9%),胸腔积液抗酸杆菌阳性率(0%)比较,有显著性差异(P<0.005)。与对照组血清、胸腔积液抗PPDIgG阳性率(11.9%,21.4%)比较,有显著性差异(P<0.005)。本法血清抗PPD-IgG敏感性为82.8%,特异性为88.1%,准确性为85.0%。胸腔积液抗PPD-IgG敏感性为96.6%,特异性为78.6%,准确性为89.0%。结论 同时检测血清、胸腔积液抗PPDIgG可作为诊断结核性胸腔积液的一种可行的辅助方法。     

Evaluation of usefulness of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion from empyema

ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of adenosine deaminase activity in the pleural fluid for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion from empyema of non-tubercular origin.MethodA retrospective analysis of data was performed on patients who were diagnosed to have tuberculous pleural effusion and empyema of non tubercular origin. Among 46 patients at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, from November 2012 to February 2013 who underwent pleural fluid adenosine deaminase estimation, 25 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion and 21 patients with empyema were diagnosed respectively. Adenosine deaminase in pleural fluid is estimated using colorimetric, Galanti and Guisti method.ResultsPleural fluid Adenosine Deaminase levels among tuberculous pleural effusion(109.38±53.83), empyema (141.20±71.69) with P=0.27.ConclusionPleural fluid adenosine deaminase alone cannot be used as a marker for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.     

Adenosine deaminase activity in the diagnosis of lymphocytic pleural effusions of tuberculous,neoplastic and lymphomatous origin

We studied the activity of adenosine deaminase in 74 lymphocytic pleural effusions which were divided into four groups according to the aetiology: tuberculous (38 cases), neoplastic (17), lymphomatous (7) and miscellaneous (12). The mean enzyme value was significantly higher in the tuberculous cases (93.81±29.56 U/I) than for the other three groups and significantly higher in pleural effusions of lymphomatous origin than in the neoplastic and miscellaneous groups. Based on the lowest value of enzyme activity found in the tuberculous group (50 U/I), the test had a sensitivity of 1 and a specificity of 0.97.