对原发性高血压伴缺血性脑卒中患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的临床观察

目的 :探讨叶酸、维生素B6、腺苷辅酶维生素B12 对原发性高血压伴缺血性脑卒中患者血浆同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)水平的影响。方法 :血浆Hcy水平增高的缺血性脑卒中住院患者 70例分为干预组 (n =3 5 )和对照组 (n =3 5 )。干预组口服叶酸10mg/d ,维生素B610mg/d ,腺苷辅酶维生素B12 5 0 0 μg/d 4周。对照组未服用上述药物。入院时及 4周后采用高压液相色谱法 (HPLC)测定血浆Hcy含量。结果 :干预组在实施叶酸、维生素B6、腺苷辅酶维生素B12 干预 4周后 ,血浆Hcy水平下降 ,与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。两组患者 4周前后血浆Hcy水平的变化差值具有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论 :口服叶酸、维生素B6、腺苷辅酶维生素B12 可使原发性高血压伴缺血性脑卒中患者血浆Hcy水平下降     

老年高血压并缺血性脑卒中患者血浆同型半胱氨酸变化的临床意义

对66例老年原发性高血压患者、68例高血压并缺血性脑卒中患者及65例老年健康人进行血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、叶酸及维生素B12检测。结果显示，高血压和高血压并缺血性脑卒中组患者血浆Hcy水平均高于健康者（P〈0．01），而叶酸、维生素B12低于健康者（均P〈0．05）。认为老年高血压病及伴缺血性脑卒中患者的发病与血浆Hcy水平升高及叶酸、维生素B12水平降低有关，补充叶酸、维生素B12可能有助于减少老年脑血管病的发生。     

基层医院阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中117例疗效分析

目的回顾性分析重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗超急性期缺血性脑卒中近期预后,探讨其在基层综合性医院使用的有效性及安全性。方法采用回顾性分析,选择2012年4月~2014年9月在玉田县医院神经内科住院的急性缺血性脑卒中患者187例,根据治疗不同分为低剂量组60例(rt-PA 0.6mg/kg),标准剂量组57例(rt-PA 0.9mg/kg),对照为组70例(未行rt-PA,仅常规治疗)。系统采集所有患者病历资料,均完成28d及90d随访。以改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分0~1分为预后良好,分析各组有效性和安全性是否存在差异。结果低剂量组、标准剂量组和对照组出院和28d随访时预后良好率比较,差异无统计学意义(30.0%vs 31.6%vs 18.6%,P=0.182;38.3%vs 45.6%vs 27.1%,P=0.092),低剂量组和标准剂量组90d时预后良好率明显高于对照组(50.0%vs 52.6%vs 32.9%,P=0.047)。低剂量组、标准剂量组和对照组出血发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(5.0%vs 10.5%vs 0%,P0.05);低剂量组与标准剂量组出血发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.314)。随访90d时,低剂量组、标准剂量组和对照组病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(5.0%vs 3.5%vs 4.3%,P0.05)。结论 rt-PA静脉溶栓可改善缺血性脑卒中患者90d预后,降低患者残疾,但有一定出血风险,低剂量rt-PA较标准计量出血少。     

H型高血压患者Hcy水平检测及疗效分析

目的检测H型高血压患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平及分析叶酸治疗的最佳剂量。方法选择2016年1月~10月就诊于河北省保定市老年病医院的H型高血压患者282例,其中男性138例,女性144例。依据服用叶酸剂量不同分为:A组(108例)、B组(120例)和C组(54例)。A组每天口服叶酸5mg,B组口服叶酸10 mg,C组口服叶酸15 mg。均连续服用30 d。干预前和干预后30 d采用酶联免疫吸附法测定Hcy。结果≥60岁H型高血压患者Hcy水平高于30~59岁患者[(26.47±8.91)μmol/L vs.(22.21±10.94)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。男性患者的Hcy水平为(26.45±11.9)μmol/L,女性为(22.17±7.78)μmol/L,男性明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组、B组和C组服用叶酸后Hcy水平均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05),但B组Hcy水平下降更明显。结论 H型高血压患者年龄增加,Hcy水平升高,男性患者Hcy水平高于女性患者;服用叶酸10 mg/d为治疗高Hcy症的最佳剂量。     

不同剂量叶酸对老年高同型半胱氨酸血症患者的疗效比较

目的观察不同剂量的叶酸对于老年高同型半胱氨酸血症患者的临床疗效。方法入选2013年1月~2015年12月收治的老年高血压伴高(Hcy)血症患者70例,随机分为高剂量组(n=23)、中剂量组(n=25)、低剂量组(n=22)三组,分别给予叶酸5 mg,0.8 mg,0.4 mg 1/日剂量口服,入选患者基础治疗均相同,在干预3个月及12个月时比较三组患者治疗前后的血浆Hcy变化及相应临床效果。结果与治疗前相比,治疗12月时高剂量组血压下降显著,收缩压[(149.8±7.8)mm Hg vs.(120.2±5.8)mm Hg,(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa)],舒张压[(104.6±6.0)mm Hg vs.(79.8±8.2)mm Hg]具有显著的统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗3个月时,高剂量组血压下降幅度显著大于低、中剂量组(P0.05)。治疗12个月较治疗前,高剂量组的血Hcy下降[(24.7±4.9)μmol/L vs.(16.9±4.4)μmol/L]具有统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗12个月较治疗前,各组颈动脉斑块评分均明显下降:高剂量组(4.66±1.23 vs.3.60±2.08),中剂量组(4.60±1.19 vs.3.80±2.11);低剂量组(4.56±1.21 vs.3.89±2.06),其中中高剂量组改善情况均较低、中剂量组更为明显,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年高Hcy血症应用高剂量叶酸进行治疗可加快血压、血浆Hcy下降速度,进一步改善患者动脉硬化。     

不同剂量叶酸联合普伐他汀对老年高血压合并腔隙性脑梗死病人Hcy、颈动脉硬化及脑缺血的影响

目的观察不同剂量叶酸联合普伐他汀对老年高血压合并腔隙性脑梗死病人同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、颈动脉硬化及脑缺血的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将134例老年高血压合并腔隙性脑梗死病人随机分为A组与B组,每组67例。A组给予小剂量叶酸(0.8 mg/d)联合普伐他汀(20 mg/d)治疗,B组给予大剂量叶酸(5 mg/d)联合普伐他汀(20 mg/d)治疗。比较两组Hcy水平、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)和舒张压、收缩压;并统计治疗期间脑缺血事件和不良反应的发生率。结果治疗4周、治疗8周、治疗12周、治疗16周、治疗20周、治疗24周两组Hcy水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗12周、治疗24周两组IMT、舒张压、收缩压比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗期间两组脑缺血事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);B组不良反应发生率高于A组(P0.05)。结论小剂量叶酸联合普伐他汀治疗老年高血压合并腔隙性脑梗死病人可获得与大剂量叶酸相同的临床效果,且可减少不良反应。     

H型高血压患者基因型与叶酸补充治疗的相关性

目的探讨不同基因型H型高血压患者血压及血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平有无差异;在充分应用降压药物控制血压的同时给予叶酸补充治疗,观察治疗前后血浆Hcy及血压水平变化有无差异。方法通过Hcy检测确诊为H型高血压的患者166例入选。叶酸补充治疗前测定血浆Hcy水平,采集既往史、历史最高血压水平等,并行MTHFR(亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶)677C/T基因型检测,根据检测结果进行分组,为CC组(野生型)、CT组(杂合型)、TT组(突变型)。所有患者在原有降压方案的基础上加用叶酸片0.8 mg 1/日,3月后测定患者血浆Hcy及血压水平。结果 1MTHFR 677C/T基因型检测结果:其中CC型42例,占25.3%,CT型42例,占25.3%,TT型82例,占49.6%。2叶酸治疗前血浆Hcy水平比较:男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TT组高于CC组及CT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CC组与CT组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。3历史最高血压水平比较:收缩压:CC组高于TT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CC组与CT组之间、CT组与TT组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);舒张压:3组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。4叶酸补充治疗前后血浆Hcy水平比较:3组患者治疗后血浆Hcy水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。5叶酸补充治疗前后血浆Hcy差值比较:TT组高于CC组及CT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CC组与CT组间差异无统计学意义。6叶酸补充治疗前后血压差值比较分析:收缩压:CC组高于TT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CC组与CT组之间、CT组与TT组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);舒张压:三组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 H型高血压患者基因型与血浆Hcy及历史最高血压水平部分存在差异性。叶酸补充治疗能够有效降低H型高血压患者血浆Hcy水平,并且对MTHFR 677C/T TT可能具有更好的降低Hcy的效果。降压药物联合叶酸补充治疗可能能够更有效地降低MTHFR 677C/T CC基因型H型高血压患者血压水平。     

H型高血压患病率调查和高同型半胱氨酸血症治疗方法分析

目的探讨保定地区H型高血压(HHT)的患病率及高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)伴原发性高血压的最佳治疗方案。方法选择2016年1月—2017年1月就诊于河北省保定市老年病医院的原发型高血压病人700例,病人选用适合病情的不同降压药情况下,依据数字随机法将其分为:大剂量短疗程治疗组,分别给予叶酸5 mg/d、10 mg/d、15 mg/d口服,检测30 d后血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平、收缩压、舒张压、不良反应发生率等;小剂量长疗程组,分别给予空白对照,叶酸2.5 mg/d、5 mg/d、10 mg/d,检测90d后血浆Hcy含量。结果原发性高血压700例,HHT病人595例,发病率为85%。30岁~59岁HHcy病人244例,男性Hcy水平高于女性(P0.05);60岁以上HHcy病人351例,男性Hcy水平高于女性(P0.05)。大剂量短疗程组,5 mg/d组Hcy下降率为24.14%,10mg/d组Hcy下降率为48.8%,15 mg/d组Hcy下降率为49.5%;小剂量长疗程组,空白对照组Hcy上升率为7.55%,2.5 mg/d组Hcy下降率为40.6%,5 mg/d组Hcy下降率为43.86%,10 mg/d组Hcy下降率为48.58%。结论保定地区是国内H型高血压的高发区;口服叶酸10 mg/d是大剂量短疗程治疗最佳剂量;口服叶酸2.5 mg/d是小剂量长疗程治疗最佳剂量。     

不同剂量替格瑞洛在老年女性急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗术后应用的疗效及安全性观察

目的 探讨不同剂量替格瑞洛在老年女性急性心肌梗死急诊PCI应用的疗效及安全性。方法 选择2018年1月～2020年6月在天津市第三中心医院心脏中心进行急诊PCI的老年女性急性心肌梗死患者120例,根据剂量不同随机分为低剂量组62例和常规剂量组58例。2组PCI术后均给予口服阿司匹林肠溶片100 mg/d序贯治疗,低剂量组给予替格瑞洛45 mg 2次/d,常规剂量组给予替格瑞洛90 mg 2次/d,记录2组二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集率、院内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)及出血事件发生率。结果 低剂量组治疗后ADP诱导的血小板聚集率明显高于常规剂量组[(18.1±5.6)%vs(10.8±5.3)%,P<0.05]。低剂量组随访1年小出血和总出血发生率明显低于常规剂量组(12.9%vs 27.6%,P=0.019;14.5%vs 31.0%,P=0.018)。结论 老年女性急性心肌梗死急诊PCI术后应用低剂量替格瑞洛可明显抑制ADP诱导的血小板聚集,不增加MACE发生,同时可降低出血事件风险。     

老年突发性耳聋患者缺血性脑卒中危险因素分析

目的观察老年突发性耳聋患者缺血性脑卒中发生率,并分析老年突发性耳聋患者发生缺血性脑卒中的危险因素。方法收集天津医科大学第二医院耳鼻喉科住院的老年突发性耳聋患者508例,根据是否存在缺血性脑卒中分为缺血性脑卒中组24例和对照组484例。收集研究对象一般临床资料,包括年龄、性别、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病及血脂、肌酐、尿酸水平等实验室指标,采用logistic回归分析缺血性脑卒中的危险因素。结果老年突发性耳聋合并缺血性脑卒中患者占4.7%。2组年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、冠心病、肌酐和尿酸水平比较,无统计学差异(P0.05)。缺血性脑卒中组高血压和高脂血症比例明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(66.7%vs 39.5%,P=0.008;29.2%vs 7.4%,P=0.000)。校正其他因素后,多因素logistic回归分析显示,高脂血症是老年突发性耳聋患者缺血性脑卒中发生的独立危险因素(OR=0.222,95%CI:0.069～0.714,P=0.012)。结论老年突发性耳聋患者缺血性脑卒中发生率为4.7%。高脂血症是老年突发性耳聋患者发生缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。     

老年急诊患者心脑血管常见疾病分析

目的对老年急诊患者心脑血管常见疾病进行分析,为老年心脑血管病的预防和救治提供参考资料。方法回顾分析2008年1月～2010年12月在我院老年急诊科就诊的老年心脑血管病患者1292例,根据年龄分为60～79岁组335例,≥80岁组957例,分析比较2组心脑血管病的差异。结果所有患者中心血管病发生率(65.48%)明显高于脑血管病(34.52%,P<0.05),但2组患者心血管病和脑血管病比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。60～79岁组患者疾病排名依次为短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、心绞痛、高血压、心房颤动、其他心律失常;≥80岁组患者疾病排名依次为TIA、心绞痛、心房颤动、高血压、脑梗死。≥80岁组惠心肌梗死、心力衰竭、脑梗死明显高于60～79岁组,而高血压患病明显低于60～79岁组(P<0.05)。结论 TIA、心绞痛、心房颤动、高血压是老年急诊患者常见的心脑血管病,对年龄≥80岁的老年患者,更应加强对心肌梗死、心力衰竭、脑梗死等疾病的预防和救治。     

Effect of folic acid combined with pravastatin on arteriosclerosis in elderly hypertensive patients with lacunar infarction

This study aimed to assess the effect of folic acid combined with pravastatin on atherosclerosis-related indexes in elderly patients with hypertension complicated with lacunar cerebral infarction.A total of 134 elderly hypertensive patients with lacunar cerebral infarction were randomly divided into 3 groups using the random number table method. Group A, the folic acid group, had 45 cases and received low-dose folic acid (0.8 mg/d) treatment on the basis of antihypertensive treatment. Group B, the pravastatin group, had 45 cases and received pravastatin (20 mg/d) treatment on the basis of antihypertensive treatment. Group C, the folic acid combined with the pravastatin group, had 44 cases. Members of this group received pravastatin (20 mg/d) and low-dose folic acid (0.8 mg/d) based on antihypertensive treatment. Levels of folic acid, homocysteine (Hcy), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by ELISA before treatment in all 3 groups. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured using ultrasound, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured with a mercury column. After 8 weeks of treatment, the levels of folic acid, Hcy, TNF-a, MMP-9, TC, LDL-C, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were compared among the 3 groups. IMT levels were measured at 12 weeks of treatment.After 8 weeks of treatment, compared with group B, patients in groups A and C had folic acid levels significantly higher than baseline levels, with significantly lower Hcy levels (both P < .05). Patients in group C presented significantly decreased TNF-a, MMP-9, TC, and LDL-C levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 8 weeks of treatment, compared with those in groups A and B (both P < .05). These patients also showed significantly decreased IMT levels compared with those in the other groups (P < .05).Low-dose folic acid combined with pravastatin in elderly patients with lacunar cerebral infarction can reduce the level of homocysteine, improve the degree of carotid atherosclerosis, protect vascular endothelium, and reduce blood lipids and blood pressure, presenting better benefits than pravastatin alone.     

Enhanced reduction of fasting total homocysteine levels with supraphysiological versus standard multivitamin dose folic acid supplementation in renal transplant recipients

The mild fasting hyperhomocysteinemia commonly observed in chronic (ie, >/=6 months posttransplantation) renal transplant recipients (RTRs) can be effectively treated with combined B-vitamin supplementation featuring supraphysiological doses of folic acid. There are no controlled data evaluating the comparative efficacy of supraphysiological versus standard multivitamin dose folic acid supplementation in reducing fasting total homocysteine (tHcy) levels among RTRs. We block-randomized 60 chronic, stable RTRs on the basis of their screening fasting tHcy level to 3 groups of 20 subjects treated for 12 weeks with folic acid at either 2.4 (group 1), 0.4 (ie, standard multivitamin dose) (group 2), or 0.0 (group 3) mg/d. All 60 study participants also received 50 mg/d vitamin B(6) and 0.4 mg/d vitamin B(12). The mean percent reductions (+/-SEM) in fasting tHcy were as follows: group 1, 32.3+/-2.4%; group 2, 23.4+/-2.3%; and group 3, 19.1+/-2.3%. ANCOVA accounting for the pretreatment matching and adjusted for pretreatment levels of fasting tHcy, folate, and albumin; change in creatinine during the study; and cyclosporine A use revealed significant overall group differences (P=0.005) and significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (P=0. 038) and groups 1 and 3 (P=0.001), but not between groups 2 and 3 (P=0.153). Moreover, a chi(2) analysis of participants with pretreatment tHcy levels >/=15 micromol/L (n=29) indicated that a significantly greater proportion of those in group 1 achieved posttreatment levels <12 micromol/L: group 1, 5 of 10 (50%); group 2, 1 of 11 (9%); and group 3, 0 of 8 (0%) (P=0.016; test of trend P=0. 007). We conclude that a supraphysiological dose of folic acid is superior to standard multivitamin dosing for the reduction of fasting tHcy levels in chronic RTRs.     

Hydroxocobalamin reduces hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease

Renal failure causes hyperhomocysteinemia, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and venous access thrombosis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Folic acid is necessary for homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism, and therapy with 1 mg/d or more of folic acid reduces plasma total Hcy (tHcy) concentrations in ESRD, although seldom to normal. In contrast to folic acid, the Hcy-lowering effect of vitamin B(12) has not been well studied in ESRD. We performed a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial involving 24 maintenance hemodialysis patients with normal or supranormal serum folate and vitamin B(12) concentrations who received either standard therapy, which included 5 to 6 mg folic acid, 5 to 10 mg pyridoxine, and 6 to 10 microg oral vitamin B(12) per day, or standard therapy plus 1 mg hydroxocobalamin administered subcutaneously once per week after dialysis. Plasma tHcy and serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were measured before and after 8 and 16 weeks of continuous treatment. Hydroxocobalamin reduced plasma tHcy by an average of 32% (P <.005) and serum MMA by an average of 19% (P <.001). The Hcy-lowering effect of hydroxocobalamin was independent of baseline serum vitamin B(12), folic acid, and MMA concentrations. Patients with higher baseline plasma tHcy concentrations had the greatest response (r = 0.80; P <.002). These results show that parenteral hydroxocobalamin reduces plasma tHcy dramatically in vitamin B(12)-replete hemodialysis patients. Persons with considerable persisting hyperhomocysteinemia despite high-dose folic acid therapy are likely to respond to the addition of hydroxocobalamin, irrespective of their serum vitamin B(12) concentrations.     

依那普利叶酸对伴有H型高血压的急性缺血性卒中患者转归的影响

目的 探讨依那普利叶酸片对伴有H型高血压的急性缺血性卒中患者转归的影响.方法 前瞻性连续纳入伴有H型高血压的急性缺血性卒中患者,随机分为依那普利叶酸治疗组和依那普利治疗组.依那普利叶酸治疗组给予马来酸依那普利叶酸片(10 mg/0.8 mg,1次/d);依那普利治疗组给予马来酸依那普利片(10 mg,1次/d).收集所有患者的人口学特征以及基线临床资料.应用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Sacle,mRS)评估患者出院和90 d时的转归情况,转归良好定义为mRS评分0～2分,转归不良定义为mRS评分＞2分.结果 共纳入248例患者,其中男性占66.5％,平均高半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平为(18.513±9.700) μmol/L.依那普利叶酸组和依那普利组分别为123例和125例,2组人口统计学、基线临床资料均无显著差异,转归不良的患者比例亦无显著差异(16.3％对18.4％;x2=0.198,P=0.738).将2组所有病例分为转归良好组和转归不良组,其中转归良好组205例(82.7％),转归不良组43例(17.3％).转归良好组平均年龄显著小于转归不良组[(69.22±11.12)岁对(75.88±9.26)岁;t=-4.826,P＜ 0.001],基线收缩压[(139.88±19.23)mmHg对(144.28±17.92) mmHg,l mmHg =0.133 kPa;t =2.138,P=0.033]和美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分[(2.454±2.340)分对(13.605±6.415)分;t=-27.081,P＜0.001]以及大动脉粥样硬化性卒中的患者构成比(58.50％对74.4％;x2=5.901,P=0.015)均显著低于转归不良组,但Hcy水平[(18.524±10.339) μmol/L对(18.298±6.105) μmol/L;t=0.013,P=0.989]和接受依那普利叶酸治疗的患者比例(50.2％对46.5％;x2 =0.198,P=0.738)无显著差异.多变量logistic回归分析显示,大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(优势比1.025,95％可信区间1.002～1.049;P =0.006)和基线NIHSS评分(优势比2.4,95％可信区间1.734 ～3.322;P ＜0.001)是转归不良的独立危险因素.结论 Hcy水平不是伴有H型高血压的急性缺血性卒中患者转归不良的独立危险因素.与依那普利比较,依那普利叶酸不能显著改善伴有H型高血压的急性缺血性卒中患者的转归.     

Randomized trial of folic acid supplementation and serum homocysteine levels

BACKGROUND: Lowering serum homocysteine levels with folic acid is expected to reduce mortality from ischemic heart disease. Homocysteine reduction is known to be maximal at a folic acid dosage of 1 mg/d, but the effect of lower doses (relevant to food fortification) is unclear. METHODS: We randomized 151 patients with ischemic heart disease to 1 of 5 dosages of folic acid (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mg/d) or placebo. Fasting blood samples for serum homocysteine and serum folate analysis were taken initially, after 3 months of supplementation, and 3 months after folic acid use was discontinued. RESULTS: Median serum homocysteine level decreased with increasing folic acid dosage, to a maximum at 0.8 mg of folic acid per day, when the homocysteine reduction (placebo adjusted) was 2.7 micromol/L (23%), similar to the known effect of folic acid dosages of 1 mg/d and above. The higher a person's initial serum homocysteine level, the greater was the response to folic acid, but there were statistically significant reductions regardless of the initial level. Serum folate level increased approximately linearly (5.5 nmol/L for every 0.1 mg of folic acid). Within-person fluctuations over time in serum homocysteine levels, measured in the placebo group, were large compared with the effect of folic acid, indicating that monitoring of the reduction in an individual is impractical. CONCLUSIONS: A dosage of folic acid of 0.8 mg/d appears necessary to achieve the maximum reduction in serum homocysteine level across the range of homocysteine levels in the population. Current US food fortification levels will achieve only a small proportion of the achievable homocysteine reduction.     

强化他汀治疗在症状性颅内动脉狭窄中的疗效观察

目的观察强化他汀治疗在症状性颅内动脉狭窄中的疗效。方法选择120例症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者,采用随机表法分为A组(阿托伐他汀10mg/d)、B组(20mg/d)和C组(40mg/d)各40例,治疗至少持续12个月,随访12个月,观察临床终点事件发生率及治疗前后脑血流灌注值的变化,评价强化调脂疗效。结果 3组在治疗后12个月随访时,A组、B组和C组脑血管终点事件发生率分别为26.3%、13.5%和5.4%;A组与C组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后12个月,3组相对脑血流量和相对脑血容量明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组相对达峰时间明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论持续12个月的强化调脂治疗(40mg/d)可以减少脑血管事件的发生,提高缺血区脑组织血流灌注。     

Normohomocysteinaemia and vitamin-treated hyperhomocysteinaemia are associated with similar risks of cardiovascular events in patients with premature atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease. A prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHC) is associated with an increased risk of premature atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease. We investigated the clinical efficacy with regard to the incidence of cardiovascular events of treatment of mild HHC with vitamin B(6) plus folic acid. METHODS: We studied 224 consecutive patients with clinically manifest atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease with onset before the age of 56. Follow-up was obtained in 203 (90.6%) patients. At baseline, 52 (25.6%) were hyperhomocysteinaemic after methionine loading and started treatment with vitamin B(6) (250 mg) plus folic acid (5 mg); 151 (74.4%) were normohomocysteinaemic (reference group). RESULTS: During follow-up (median 57 months), 31 (20.5%) of the normo- and 11 (21.2%) of the hyperhomocysteinaemic patients had a new cardiovascular event. The crude incidence rate per person-year for any cardiovascular event was similar in both groups (0.043 [CI, 0.029-0.057] in the normo- vs. 0.045 [CI, 0.021-0. 069] in the hyperhomocysteinaemic group). Multivariate Cox-regression analyses showed that hypertension and cholesterol levels were associated with an increased risk of new cardiovascular events in the total group [relative risk [RR] (yes vs. no), 7.4 (3. 4-16.0) and RR (per 1 mmol/l), 1.9 (CI, 1.4-2.7)]. The adjusted RR for new cardiovascular events in the hyper- as compared to the normohomocysteinaemic patients was 0.96 (CI, 0.48-1.92). CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with a protective effect of treatment with vitamin B(6) plus folic acid in patients with premature atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease and post-methionine HHC.     

叶酸干预对老年高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨叶酸对老年高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法42例轻、中度老年高血压患者,随机分为叶酸干预组22例,对照组20例。采用高分辨率超声检测治疗前及治疗12周后肱动脉血流介导的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能与硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性舒张功能。结果治疗前后两组间及组内肱动脉基础内径差异无统计学意义,叶酸干预治疗12周后与治疗前和对照组比较肱动脉血流介导的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能(11.59%±4.79%比7.15%±3.20%和8.14%±3.01%)、肱动脉硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性舒张功能(19.73%±5.80%比16.69%±4.75%和17.55%±6.05%)均有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论叶酸对老年高血压患者血管内皮功能损害有一定的改善作用。     

A comparison of low versus standard dose pravastatin therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular events in the elderly: the pravastatin anti-atherosclerosis trial in the elderly (PATE).

Treatment with low drug doses is generally recommended in the elderly. However, the efficacy of low dose 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor treatment in elderly hypercholesterolemic patients has never been examined. Therefore, we compared the effect of low-dose with standard dose pravastatin, an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, on the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia in a randomized prospective trial. Subjects aged > or = 60 years (73 +/- 6 years) with serum total cholesterol (TC) levels of 220-280 mg/dL were randomized to the low-dose (groupL, 5 mg/day; n=334) or standard dose (groupS, 10-20mg/day; n= 331). Baseline TC levels were similar in the 2 groups (253 +/-15 mg/dL). Patients were followed for 3-5 years (mean 3.9 years). TC levels decreased from baseline by 11-13% in group L and by 15-17% in groupS. TC levels at 1 year in S and L group were 209 +/- 2 mg/ dL (16 +/- 1% decrease) and 221+/- 2 mg/dL (12 +/- 1% decrease), respectively. Forty two and 29 CVEs occurred in group L and S, respectively. The incidence of CVEs was significantly lower in group S than in group L (P = 0.046, generalized Wilcoxon test; P = 0.096, log-rank test). The risk ratio for group S compared with group L was 0.674 (95% confidence interval: 0.423-1.074). Subgroup analyses suggested that the difference in the incidence of CVEs between the 2 groups was more clear in subjects without diabetes mellitus, with TC levels of < 253 mg/dL, and with TG levels of > or = 133 mg/dL. The incidence of CVEs in group S was significantly lower than that in group L in subjects without both diabetes mellitus and previous cardiovascular disease (P = 0.026, generalized Wilcoxon test; P = 0.032, log rank test). These findings suggest that standard-dose pravastatin (10-20 mg/day) is more effective in reducing the incidence of CVEs in the elderly than low dose pravastatin (5 mg/ day), especially in nondiabetic elderly patients with mild hypercholesterolemia or previous cardiovascular disease.