核素心肌灌注显像诊断代谢综合征心肌缺血的研究

目的评估代谢综合征（Ms）患者心肌缺血及相关危险因素,探讨核素心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的价值。方法140例住院患者分为3组：MS组（82例）,高血压病组（EH组,38例）,2型糖尿病组（T2DM组,20例）。3组均又分为运动负荷组和静息组,采用单光子发射计算机断层核素心肌灌注显像（SPECT MPI）的方法检测各组心肌缺血情况。结果MS组心肌缺血率为81．7％,重度缺血率为56．8％,均高于其他两组（P〈0．05）。核素检查运动负荷组缺血率为81．7％,明显高于静息组（P〈0．01）。BMI、腹围、血TG、血HDL-C与缺血有相关性。结论与EH组和T2DM组患者相比,MS组患者心肌缺血率和严重程度最高;其中MS某些组分与心肌缺血密切相关;心肌核素检查用于诊断早中期心肌缺血、判断中度危险的冠心病有临床价值。     

多重心血管危险因素的控制与代谢综合征患者早期肾脏损害的关系

目的探讨控制多重心血管危险因素对代谢综合征（MS）患者早期肾功能损害的影响。方法619例住院患者分为高血压（EH）组144例（男／女，74／70），2型糖尿病（T2DM）组134例（男／女，79／55），MS组341例（男／女，167／174）。判断患者血压、血糖及血脂控制情况与早期肾功能损害的关系。结果MS和EH组均有50％以上的患者血压控制差，MS和T2DM组均有50％以上的患者血糖控制差；MS组中肥胖者占49％，显著高于T2DM和EH组；MS组中有50％以上的患者血脂紊乱，TG升高和HDL-C降低发生率显著高于T2DM和EH组。血压、血糖和血脂控制差的MS患者微量白蛋白尿（MA）出现率和内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）降低的发生率显著高于控制好的患者。结论MS患者早期肾功能损害较单纯高血压、糖尿病更显著，严格控制血压、血糖及血脂，积极调脂治疗，能起到保护MS患者肾功能的作用。     

高血压与糖尿病并存对动脉硬化的影响

目的比较原发高血压（Hypertension,EH）、2型糖尿病（Type 2 diabetesmellitus,T2DM）、EH合并T2DM对动脉粥样硬化损害的影响强度。方法分别用彩色多普勒超声探测115例原发EH患者（EH组）,76例T2DM患者（T2DM组）,53例EH合并T2DM患者（EH＋T2DM组）及正常健康体检者50例（对照组,Controlgroup,CG）的颈动脉内-中膜厚度（Intima—mediathick—ness,IMT）、是否斑块等指标。结果（1）EH组和T2DM组IMT、搏动指数（Pulseindex,PI）、阻力指数（Resistanceindex,Pa）均大于CG,P〈0．01,而EH＋,12DM组各参数又高于EH组和12DM组,P〈0．01。（2）ET组、他DM组、ET＋T2DM组和CG斑块检出率分别是50．45％（58／115）、47．37％（36／76）、66．04％（35／53）和26。00％（13／50）,P〈0．01。斑块积分分另q是（1.86±1．54）分、（1．35±1．20）分、（2．83±2．24）分和（0．96±0．71）分,P=0．000,EH＋T2DM组积分高于其它3组,P〈0．01,EH组又高于T2DM组和CG,P〈0．05。结论EH和T2DM均对动脉产生损害,二者并存时损害程度更严重。     

70岁以上老年糖尿病对高血压患者动态血压及血压变异的影响

目的探讨70岁以上老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）对原发性高血压（EH）患者的动态血压（ABP）及血压变异（BPV）的影响。方法选取74例单纯EH及74例合并T2DM的EH患者,行24小时ABP监测,对2组患者的ABP及BPV进行对比分析。结果2组患者ABP参数比较,合并T2DM的EH患者日间平均收缩压（dmSBP）及夜间平均收缩压（nmSBP）高于单纯EH患者（P〈0．05或0．01）;脉压分析发现,合并T2DM的EH患者日间脉压（dmPP）、夜间脉压（nmPP）及24小时平均脉压差（24h—mPP）均大于单纯EH患者（P〈0．05或0．01）;2组BPV参数比较,合并T2DM的EH患者日间收缩压标准差（dSBPSD）及日间收缩压标准差变异系数（dSBPCV）、夜间收缩压标准差（nSBPSD）及夜间收缩压标准差变异系数（nSBPCV）、24小时收缩压标准差（24h—SBPSD）均显著高于单纯EH患者（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论T2DM加重EH患者心血管系统的结构与功能异常,引起ABP及BPV增大,改善其体内糖代谢状况,将有助于改善其心血管系统血流动力学,从而减少心血管并发症。     

药物洗脱支架治疗2型糖尿病合并冠心病多支血管病变的中期疗效

目的对比分析裸金属支架（BMS）与药物洗脱支架（DES）在2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并多支冠脉病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）应用中的安全性和中期疗效,为DES治疗此类患者提供依据。方法连续人选2002年11月-2005年6月首次接受PCI治疗的443例T2DM合并多支冠脉血管病变患者,其中BMS组226例,雷帕霉素（Cypher）支架组91例,紫杉醇（TAXUS）支架组126例,分析患者住院期间及随访6个月的临床情况。结果三组患者临床特征、手术成功率及住院期间主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生率等指标均无明显差异。Cypher支架组中病变长度和分叉病变的比例及TAXUS支架组中3支血管和分叉病变的比例均明显高于BMS组（P〈0．05或0．01）。两DES组的造影随访再狭窄率明显低于BMS组（Cypher组3．2％、TAXUS组4．5％协BMS组37．3％,P〈0．05）,临床随访6个月MACE发生率亦明显低于BMS组（Cypher组5．7％、TAXUS组5．8％wBMS组18．5％,P〈0．01）。结论与BMS相比,T2DM合并多支冠脉血管病变患者植入Cypher支架和TAXUS支架安全性高,6个月中期疗效较理想。     

缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉病变与糖代谢的相关性研究

目的对缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉病变与糖代谢相关性进行分析。方法观察对象选自2011年3月～2012年12月来我院就诊的234例缺血性脑血管病患者,以所有患者的检查结果及疾病史为依据将其分为3组：糖耐量正常组（NGT组）59例,合并糖耐量减低组（IGT组）85例,合并糖尿病组（T2DM组）90例。对患者的基本情况及生化指标等进行比较,影响因素的筛选采用多元线性回归进行分析。结果0）IGT组、T2DM组患者与NGT组比较,其具有明显较多的患者例数,具有较高的吸烟例数比例、合并高血压例数比例及具有较高的BMI、WHR及颈动脉粥样斑块积分（P〈0．05）;将T2DM组患者的以上观察指标与IGT组进行比较,其组间也具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。②IGT组、T2DM组患者与NGT组比较,其FBG、PBG、CRP检测值明显较高（P〈0．05）;将T2DM组患者的以上生化指标与IGT组进行比较,其组间也具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。③缺血性脑血管病颈动脉病变的影响因素如下：高血压、吸烟、FBG、PBG、CRP、BMI、WHR。结论颈动脉病变发生过程中糖代谢异常为其独立危险因素,影响颈动脉病变的危险因素还包括高血压、吸烟、BMI、WHR、CRP。     

多支冠状动脉病变完全及不完全介入性血运重建1年疗效的比较

目的比较多支冠状动脉病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）进行完全性和不完全性血运重建术后1年的临床疗效。方法分析1995年6月-2004年9月接受PCI的2579例冠心病患者,其中完全性血运重建组2278例（88．3％）,不完全性血运重建组301例,对比分析两组PCI术后1年的随访结果。结果不完全性血运重建组患者中3支血管病变、复杂B2／C型病变、完全闭塞病变的比例均高于完全性血运重建组（P〈0．01）,术前靶血管狭窄程度亦较后者严重（P〈0．05）;完全血运重建组PCI成功率明显高于不完全血运重建组（96．4％vs94．0％,P〈0．05）。对2426例患者进行了12个月的随访,总随访率为94．1％。两组造影复查率、造影复查再狭窄率无显著差异（56．4％vs55．3％,15．2％vs19．2％,P均〉0．05）。完全性血运重建组患者心绞痛复发率和主要不良心脏事件发生率均显著低于不完全性血运重建组（5．7％vs9．2％,P〈0．05;21．2％vs31．6％,P〈0．01）。结论多支冠状动脉病变行介入完全性血运重建的患者1年长期临床疗效优于不完全性血运重建者。     

胰岛素自身抗体微量平板放射免疫法的建立与应用

目的建立胰岛素自身抗体（IAA）的微量平板放射免疫（RIA）法,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法^125I-胰岛素与血清在微量平板4℃保温72h后,免疫复合物转移至已包被蛋白A的Millipore过滤平板中并洗涤,于多功能液体闪烁发光分析仪上测计数。以IAA指数≥0．06作为阳性标准,通过参加第四次国际糖尿病自身抗体检测标准化评估（DASP 2005）,评价方法的灵敏度与特异性。并检测71例1型糖尿病（T1DM）患者、551例初诊2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者以及317名健康对照者IAA水平。采用SPSS 11．5软件进行t检验、非参数检验χ^2检验和直线相关分析;一致率用Kappa值评估。结果（1）优化的检测条件为5μl血清与2×10^4计数·min^-1的^125I-胰岛素于4℃缓慢振摇保温72h。（2）该方法批内CV4．8％～8．9％,批间CV6．4％～10．5％,DASP 2005反馈结果显示该法诊断T1DM灵敏度50％（25／50）,特异性97％（97／100）。与国产IAA RIA试剂盒进行比较,结果判定总体一致率为72．9％（Kappa值0．402）,相关系数（r）为0．678（P〈0．001）;26例结果不相符的标本中25例为该法检测阳性而国产RIA试剂盒检测阴性。（3）该方法检测T1DM患者的阳性率为19．7％（16／71）,显著高于健康对照组的0．9％（3／317,χ^2=54．36,P〈0．001）,其中0～9岁T1DM组9例中IAA阳性5例。检测初诊T2DM患者IAA阳性率1．5％,与健康对照组差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．95,P〉0．05）。结论IAA微量平板RIA法灵敏度与特异性好,可应用于临床,IAA在婴幼儿T1DM患者中阳性率较高。     

冠心病合并糖调节异常患者冠脉病变特点及预后观察

目的：观察冠心病合并糖调节异常患者冠脉病变的特点及预后。方法：选择经冠脉造影确诊为冠心病105例,根据血糖情况分为糖耐量正常组（NGT组）30例、糖耐量异常组（IGT组）30例和糖尿病组（DM组）45例。观察3组冠脉病变的特点及心血管不良事件发生率。结果：DM组I、GT组冠脉多支病变率、冠脉末梢病变发生率均显著高于NGT组（P〈0.05）,DM组与IGT组心血管不良事件发生率显著高于NGT组（P〈0.05）。结论：合并糖调节异常的冠心病患者,冠脉病变广泛、严重,且心血管不良事件发生率高,应加强对心血管患者的血糖检测。     

冠状动脉球囊预扩张后冠脉支架植入术对冠心病患者无复流现象的影响

目的评价冠心病患者冠状动脉内球囊预扩张后行支架术对术后无复流的影响。方法回顾性分析150例接受冠脉内直接支架术患者（直接支架组）和150例球囊预扩张后行冠脉支架术患者（预扩张后支架组）的临床资料，分析两组患者的术中无复流现象发生率，并观察住院期间主要不良心血管事件发生率。结果预扩张后支架组术后无复流发生率（13．0％）高于直接支架组（8．9％，P〈0．01）；直接支架术组主要心血管事件发生率也较低，为2．0％，预扩张后支架植入组发生率较高，为5．3％，P〈0．05）。结论冠脉内预扩张后植入支架的冠心病患者无复流现象和不良心血管事件发生率均高于直接支架植入组。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.