新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族6～13岁儿童超重与肥胖状况及其影响因素

目的 调查新疆伊犁地区6～13岁哈萨克族儿童超重、肥胖状况及其影响因素.方法 在2009年5-6月以新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族6-13岁儿童为调查对象,采取分层整群抽样的方法抽取8所小学,共对2438名儿童测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压,以体质指数(BMI)判定超重、肥胖.分析超重、肥胖的性别、年龄(分为6～7、8、9、10、11、12、13～14岁7个年龄组)、地区(城市、县城、乡村)分布情况.对可能影响超重、肥胖的因素进行非条件logistic回归分析.结果 新疆伊犁地区6～13岁哈萨克族儿童肥胖率为1.64%(40/2438),超重率为5.13%(25/2438);男、女童超重率分别是4.79%(59/1232)、5.47%(66/1206)(x2=0.59,P=0.44),男、女童肥胖率分别为1.62%(20/1232)、1.66%(20/1206)(x2=0.69,P=0.41).6～7岁年龄组儿童肥胖率为3.72%(8/215),12岁儿童为2.30%(10/435),13-14岁年龄组儿童为2.19%(6/274),各年龄组肥胖率差异有统计学意义(x2:14.29,P=0.04).不同地区的超重率由高到低分别是城市8.77%(35/399)、县城6.92%(74/1069)、乡村1.65%(16/970)(x2=42.09,P=0.00);肥胖率由高到低分别是城市2.75%(11/399)、县城2.43%(27/1069)、乡村0.30%(3/970)(X2=18.13,P=0.00).logistic回归分析显示,肥胖家族史(OR=2.73,95%CI:1.42～5.22)、父亲文化程度(OR=1.65,95%CI:0.29～9.25)是超重、肥胖的独立危险因素.腰臀比与血压水平相关(r=0.10,P=0.00),BMI与收缩压(r=0.47,P=0.00)、舒张压相关(r=0.37,P=0.00);腰围(r=0.81,P=0.00)、臀围(r=0.78,P=0.00)与BMI相关.结论 伊犁地区哈萨克族6～13岁儿童超重率、肥胖率没有性别差别,肥胖家族史、父亲文化程度是哈萨克族儿童发生超重、肥胖的影响因素.     

新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族6～13岁儿童超重与肥胖状况及其影响因素

目的 调查新疆伊犁地区6～13岁哈萨克族儿童超重、肥胖状况及其影响因素.方法 在2009年5-6月以新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族6-13岁儿童为调查对象,采取分层整群抽样的方法抽取8所小学,共对2438名儿童测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压,以体质指数(BMI)判定超重、肥胖.分析超重、肥胖的性别、年龄(分为6～7、8、9、10、11、12、13～14岁7个年龄组)、地区(城市、县城、乡村)分布情况.对可能影响超重、肥胖的因素进行非条件logistic回归分析.结果 新疆伊犁地区6～13岁哈萨克族儿童肥胖率为1.64%(40/2438),超重率为5.13%(25/2438);男、女童超重率分别是4.79%(59/1232)、5.47%(66/1206)(x2=0.59,P=0.44),男、女童肥胖率分别为1.62%(20/1232)、1.66%(20/1206)(x2=0.69,P=0.41).6～7岁年龄组儿童肥胖率为3.72%(8/215),12岁儿童为2.30%(10/435),13-14岁年龄组儿童为2.19%(6/274),各年龄组肥胖率差异有统计学意义(x2:14.29,P=0.04).不同地区的超重率由高到低分别是城市8.77%(35/399)、县城6.92%(74/1069)、乡村1.65%(16/970)(x2=42.09,P=0.00);肥胖率由高到低分别是城市2.75%(11/399)、县城2.43%(27/1069)、乡村0.30%(3/970)(X2=18.13,P=0.00).logistic回归分析显示,肥胖家族史(OR=2.73,95%CI:1.42～5.22)、父亲文化程度(OR=1.65,95%CI:0.29～9.25)是超重、肥胖的独立危险因素.腰臀比与血压水平相关(r=0.10,P=0.00),BMI与收缩压(r=0.47,P=0.00)、舒张压相关(r=0.37,P=0.00);腰围(r=0.81,P=0.00)、臀围(r=0.78,P=0.00)与BMI相关.结论 伊犁地区哈萨克族6～13岁儿童超重率、肥胖率没有性别差别,肥胖家族史、父亲文化程度是哈萨克族儿童发生超重、肥胖的影响因素.     

儿童肥胖对高血压发病率影响的随访研究

目的 探讨儿童肥胖状态及肥胖状态的改变对其高血压发病率的影响.方法 采取前瞻队列研究的方法,抽取2004年北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征队列人群中2189名6～16岁血压正常儿童,于2010年12月对其随访,进行身高、腰围(WC)、体重和血压的测量.分别以体质指数(BMI)和WC作为评价超重、肥胖、腹型肥胖的指标.以不同肥胖状态组设置哑变量,以随访时点是否高血压作为结局变量,进行非条件logistic回归分析,分析基线肥胖状态及肥胖状态的改变与高血压发病率之间的关系,并计算相应的OR值及95%CI值.结果 共完成了1184名在校学生的随访,6年间高血压累积发病率为19.9%(236/1184).男性高血压发病率(23.2%,149/643)高于女性(16.1%,87/541) (χ2=9.257,P=0.002).基线非超重组、超重组、肥胖组随访期间高血压累积发病率分别为8.7%(45/519)、19.3%(35/181)、32.4%(156/484)(χ2=9.332,P<0.001),基线非肥胖组与腹型肥胖组随访期间高血压累积发病率分别为10.3%(63/613)、30.7%(173/567) (χ2=77.753,P<0.001).基线肥胖组的高血压发病危险高于基线非超重组(BMI:OR=4.9,95%CI:3.4～7.0)和基线非肥胖组(WC:OR=3.9,95%CI:2.8～5.3);基线时BMI、WC水平相同时,随访时BMI、WC水平增加,高血压发病危险增加.控制年龄、性别,基线BMI和WC每增加1 kg/m2和1 cm,高血压发病风险分别增加0.21和0.07倍,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.21(1.16～1.26)和1.07(1.05～1.09);随访时BMI和WC改变量每增加1 kg/m2和1 cm,高血压发病风险分别增加0.16和0.05倍,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.16(1.11～1.22) 和1.05(1.03～1.07).结论 儿童肥胖及肥胖水平升高的改变会增加其高血压发病风险.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the impact of obesity level and the level change in childhood on hypertension incidence.Methods A perspective cohort study was conducted.As part of Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome Study,2189 aged 6-16 year non-hypertensive children was followed up in December,2010.In this study,height,weight,waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure was measured at follow-up,and body mass index (BMI) and WC was respectively used to assess overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity.Non-conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between baseline obesity status, change of obesity status and hypertension incidence. OR and 95%CI were computed in the model using obese status as dummy variable and hypertension at follow up visit as dependent variable.Results The total hypertension incidence of 1184 subjects during 6 years follow-up was 19.9%(236/1184).The hypertension incidence in male (23.2%,149/643) was higher than that in female (16.1%,87/541) (χ2=9.257,P=0.002).The hypertension incidence of non-overweight,overweight and obese children at baseline was 8.7%(45/519),19.3%(35/181) and 32.4%(156/484)respectively (χ2=9.332,P<0.001),and the incidence of non-obese and abdominal obese children at baseline was respectively 10.3%(63/613) and 30.7%(173/567) (χ2=77.753,P<0.001).Hypertension incidence in the baseline obesity group was higher than the non-overweight (BMI:OR=4.9,95%CI:3.4-7.0) and non-obese group (WC:OR=3.9,95%CI: 2.8-5.3).The hypertension incidence increased with the follow-up BMI/WC level,based on the same baseline level of BMI and WC.The hypertension risk increased to 0.21 and 0.07 times respectively with elevation of baseline BMI level by 1 kg/m2 and WC level by 1 cm,and OR(95%CI) were 1.21(1.16-1.26) and 1.07(1.05-1.09),respectively.Similarly,the hypertension risk increased 0.16 and 0.05 times respectively with the elevation of BMI level change by 1 kg/m2 and 1 cm,and OR (95%CI) were 1.16(1.11-1.22) and 1.05(1.03-1.07),respectively.Conclusion Obesity and increased obesity level change in childhood can increase the risk of incident hypertension.     

北京城、郊区儿童哮喘及相关过敏疾患的室内环境因素比较

Objective To study the indoor environmental factors associated with the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children.Methods A cluster sampling method was used and the ISAAC questionnaire was conducted.A total of 4612 elementary students under Grade Five of 7 schools were enrolled in the survey for the impact of indoor environmental factors on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in several urban and suburban schools of Beijing.Results A total of 4060 sample were finally analyzed including 1992 urban and 2068 suburban.The prevalence of wheeze, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in the past 12 months was 3.1% (61/1992) ,5.3% (106/1992) ,1.1% (22/1992) among urban children while 1.3% (27/2068) ,3.1% (65/2068), 1.0% (22/2068) among suburban children respectively.The prevalence of wheeze and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis of the past 12 months in urban were both significantly higher than that in suburban ( χ2 = 14.77, 11.93, P ＜ 0.01 ).The incidences of having asthma and eczema ever among urban children (5.3% (105/1992) ,29.4% (586/1992))were significantly ( χ2 = 39.03, 147.22, P ＜ 0.01 ) higher than that among suburban ( 1.7% ( 35/2068 ), 13.8%(285/2068)).Atlthough the distributions of indoor environmental factors were similar in both areas, passivesmoking and interior decoration had different influence on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children in the two areas.The significant impact of passive smoking on having asthma ever among suburban children was observed ( OR = 2.70,95% CI = 1.17 - 6.23 ) while no significant result in urban ( OR = 1.06,95% CI = 0.71 - 1.58 ); the percentage of interior decoration was 84.0% ( 1673/1992 )among urban children and 80.0% (1655/2068)among suburban children, there was significant impact of interior decoration on the prevalence of having eczema ever among urban children ( OR = 1.57,95% CI =1.17-2.10) but no significant results were found in suburban sample (OR= 1.06,95% CI =0.76-1.48).Conclusion The prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children is much higher in urban areas than that in suburban areas and the indoor environmental factors such as passive smoking and interior decoration may differently explain the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in the two areas.     

学龄期儿童膳食钙与骨密度的关系

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the nutritional status of dietary calcium intake in school-age children in Shanghai and to analyze the relationship between dietary calcium and bone mineral density (BMD).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the second and third grade students of 10 primary schools in Yangpu District and Baoshan District in Shanghai. Food frequency questionnaire was used tu estimate the relative intake of dietary calcium of students in 6 primary schools in Baoshnn District. Quantitative ultrasound bone density examination was used to estimate the calcaneal BMD.The relation-ship between calcium intake and BMD was analyzed.Results The average calcium intake was 647 mg/d among ested students.BMD was not significantly different among different age groups (F=1.595,P=0.173),while Z-score was significantly different among different age groups (F=16.02,P=0.000).The total calcium intake was not correlated with BMD or Z-score.The percentage of dairy calcium intake was positively correlated with BMD (r=0.097,P=0.015)and Z-score (r=O.117,P=0.003),the percentage of non-dairy calcium intake and the non-dairy calcium intake were negatively correlated with BMD (r=-0.097,P=0.015) and Z-score(r=-0.110,P=0.006).When the total dietary calcium intake was ≥600 mg/d,BMD and Z-score significantly higherin students with high dairy calcium intake than those with low dairy calcium intake (P<0.05).When the total dietary calcium intake was <600mg/d,BMD and Z-score were higher in students with high dairy calcium in-take than in those with low dairy calcium intake,although no statistical significance was noted (P>0.05).Conclusions BMD and Z-score increase along with the increase of dairy calcium intake.Such effect becomes even more obvious when the total dietary calcium intake is ≥600 mg/d.     

阿克苏市汉族维吾尔族小学生超重肥胖现况

了解阿克苏市汉族、维吾尔族小学生超重和肥胖现状,为制定相应干预措施提供依据.方法 从2013年阿克苏市学生体检信息报表中抽取7~ 12岁汉族小学生5 377名,维吾尔族小学生4 984名,共10 361名.利用中国学生超重肥胖筛查BMI分类标准,判定超重和肥胖.结果 汉族小学生总体超重率(15.10%)、肥胖率(11.20%)高于维吾尔族小学生总体超重率(6.48%)、肥胖率(2.71%)(x2值分别为197.05,281.98,P值均<0.01).汉族男生总体超重率(18.11%)、肥胖率(13.69%)高于汉族女生总体超重率(11.87%)、肥胖率(8.52%)(x2值分别为40.73,36.10,P值均<0.01);维吾尔族男生超重率(7.60%)高于女生(5.40%)(x2=10.00,P<0.01);维吾尔族男、女生肥胖检出率分别为3.11%,2.48% (x2=1.01,P>0.05).汉族男生超重检出率有随年龄增长而增长的趋势,汉族男生肥胖检出率及汉、维女生超重、肥胖检出率均有随年龄增加而下降的趋势(P值均<0.05).结论 阿克苏市小学生超重肥胖已处于流行期.应及早采取综合预防措施,有效控制儿童肥胖的发生发展.     

临床评分法:一种简易判断阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征病情的方法

目的 探索一种判断阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)病情的临床评分法.方法 对158例OSAHS患者的习惯性打鼾、睡眠时憋气、白天嗜睡、肥胖、高血压5项临床表现进行评分,探讨用临床评分法判断OSAHS病情的价值.结果 两位医师的总评分结果分别为(7.94±3.22)、(7.62±3.08)分,两者呈高度正相关(r=0.97,P=0.00);轻度、中度和重度OSAHS患者分别为43、47、68例,评分结果分别为(5.53±2.25)、(7.66±2.05)、(9.29±2.27)分,彼此之间差异均有统计学意义(P=0.00),总评分结果为(7.78±2.68)分,与呼吸暂停低通气指数(37.15±19.53)也呈显著正相关(r=0.70,P=0.00);ROC分析表明以临床评分最优截断点7分为界,区分轻度与中重度OSAHS的敏感度为83.5%,特异度为74.4%,准确度为80.4%.结论 临床评分法判断OSAHS患者病情具有较好的可靠性、有效性和较高的准确性.

Abstract：

Objective To develop a score based on clinical symptoms and signs for evaluating the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods A total of 158 OSAHS patients were enrolled. Five clinical features,including habitual snore,sleep apnea,daytime sleepiness,obesity and hypertension were used to arrive at a clinical score and its value to evaluate severity of OSAHS was determined. Results The clinical score of the two assessors was (7.94 ± 3.22) and (7.62 ± 3.08) scores respectively and a highly significant positive correlation was obtained (r = 0.97,P= 0.00). The clinical score of mild (43 cases ), moderate(47 cases ) and severe OSAHS ( 68 cases ) was ( 5.53 ± 2.25 ), ( 7.66 ± 2.05 ) and (9.29 ± 2.27) scores respectively,and there was significant difference among three groups (P = 0.00). The general clinical score of the two assessors was (7.78 ± 2.68) scores,the apnea-hypopnea index was 37.15 ±19.53,and there was a significant positive correlation between them (r = 0.70,P= 0.00). By analysis of ROC curves, the cut-off values of clinical score for differentiating moderate-severe OSAHS from mild OSAHS was 7 scores, and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was 83.5%, 74.4% and 80.4% respectively. Conclusion Clinical score,with good reliability,validity and high sccuracy,is a simple method to evaluate severity of OSAHS.     

成都市武侯区居民超重和肥胖流行现状研究

目的 了解成都市武侯区居民超重和肥胖的流行现状,为卫生行政部门决策和人群肥胖防治工作提供依据.方法 利用2011年武侯区社区诊断调查数据资料,对武侯区12个街道18～108岁居民共16 826人进行超重和肥胖的流行现状分析.结果 武侯区超重率26.4％,肥胖率6.5％,男性超重率(28.4％)高于女性(24.1％)(x2=38.997,P＜0.01);男女性肥胖率差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.369,P=0.549);居民超重率,肥胖率均随年龄增加而增高(x2超重=435.99,P＜0.01,x2肥胖=87.852,P＜0.01).结论 武侯区居民超重和肥胖的流行形势严峻,应采取综合措施加大预防与控制力度.     

不同肥胖测量指标对北京市社区人群动脉僵硬度的评价

目的 探讨社区人群肥胖及其不同测量指标与动脉僵硬度的相关性.方法 北京市4个社区参加体检的2664名经知情同意的研究对象(男性1379名,女性1285名),平均年龄(53.19±15.73)岁,测量身高、体重、腰围(WC)、臀围,并计算其体重指数(BMI)、腰围臀围比(WHR),应用自动PWV分析仪测定颈-股动脉脉搏波传导速度(cfPWV),分析不同肥胖指标(BMI、WC、WHR)与cfPWV的关系.结果 2664名受试者中,BMI(r=0.0829,P＜0.01)、WC(r=0.2659,P＜0.01)、WHR(r=0.2749,P＜0.01)与cfPWV均呈正相关.单因素分析结果显示:将研究对象分为A组(cfPWV≤12 m/s)、B组(cfPWN＞12 m/s),与A组相比,B组的WC、WHR高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).BMI在A组与B组之间差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05).逐步回归分析显示:WC是cfPWV的危险因素,独立于性别、年龄、收缩压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、餐后2h血糖因素存在.结论 该社区人群中肥胖是动脉僵硬度的独立危险因素,其中不同的肥胖测量指标与动脉僵硬度的相关性不同.

Abstract：

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity [measured by body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)]and arterial stiffness on community populations in Beijing area. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 2664 subjects(1379 men and 1285 women)aged(53.19 ± 15.73 years, mean±standard deviation), BMI, WC, WHR and other cardiovascular risk factors, were measured and carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity(cfPWV)was measured to assess the arterial stiffness. All the data were analyzed with linear correlation analysis, univariate analysis and stepwise regression method to explore the relationship between obese indexes and arterial stiffness. Results We noticed that a showed the existence of positive correlations between BMI(r=0.0829,P＜0.01)and cfPWV, WC(r=0.2659, P＜0.01)and cfPWV, WHR(r=0.2749, P＜0.01)and cfPWV, in univariate analysis,cfPWV was associated with WC≥85 cm(male)or ≥80 cm(famale)(P＜0.01), WHR≥0.90(male)or≥ 0.85(famale)(P＜ 0.01). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that WC was an independent risk factor of cfPWV, other than age, gender, systolic blood pressure, HDL-C, OGTT2h etc. Conclusion Our findings indicated that obesity was an independent risk factor of cfPWV, which was an early marker of cardiovascular and renal diseases, among community population in Beijing area. There were different relationships between obesity measurement parameters(BMI, WC, WHR)and cfPWV.     

2019年枣庄市山亭区居民超重和肥胖流行现状调查

目的了解枣庄市山亭区居民超重和肥胖的流行水平,分析不同人群分布特征,为降低肥胖率的措施制定提供依据。方法通过多阶段随机抽样方法抽取山亭区18～80岁居民进行问卷调查和体格检查,并进行数据分析。结果调查居民2 208人,其中男性912人、女性1 296人,平均年龄(49.76±14.88)岁。居民超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖患病率分别为37.86%、26.27%、60.73%,男性超重率(39.01%)高于女性(37.05%)(P0.05),但肥胖率(23.41%)和中心肥胖率(52.03%)低于女性(28.29%、66.85%)(P0.01)。居民超重、肥胖和中心肥胖率随年龄增长先升高后降低,50～岁组最高(42.55%、33.94%、72.40)(P0.01)。不同文化程度男性的超重、肥胖和中心肥胖率无差异(P0.05),初中人群的超重率最高(44.16%),大专人群的肥胖和中心肥胖率最高(30.16%、58.27%),而女性的超重和中心肥胖率随学历增加逐渐降低(P0.01)。不同职业男性的超重和中心肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而不同职业女性的超重、肥胖和中心肥胖率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不同收入人群的超重、肥胖和中心肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论枣庄市山亭区居民超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖患病率均较高。     

宁夏汉族中小学生2000—2019年超重与肥胖变化趋势

  目的  了解2000—2019年宁夏7~18岁汉族中小学生超重肥胖变化趋势,为预防控制儿童青少年超重肥胖提供科学依据。  方法  基于2000—2019年5次“全国学生体质与健康调研”中宁夏地区数据,选取7~18岁汉族中小学生体重、身高等数据进行趋势分析。  结果  2019年宁夏7~18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率分别为13.34%(1 181/8 855),9.19%(814/8 855),男生2000—2019年超重增长率为11.68%,肥胖增长率为10.07%(χ2=27.60,P＜0.01)。女生2000—2019年超重增长率为6.95%,肥胖增长率为5.77%(χ2=33.82,P＜0.01)。城市男生的超重和肥胖总体增长率均最高,为11.38%和10.45%。农村男生的超重和肥胖增长率在2010年之后均高于城市男生(χ2值分别为13.90,17.09,P值均＜0.05),女生肥胖增长率在2014年之后农村均高于城市(χ2值分别为9.94,33.39,P值均＜0.05)。不论是城市还是农村,经济发展片区由好到差时,超重和肥胖检出率由高到低(χ2值分别为35.19,35.35,P值均＜0.01)。  结论  2000—2019年宁夏中小学生超重、肥胖检出率及体质量指数趋于持续性增长趋势,且农村超重和肥胖增长率逐渐超过城市。预防儿童青少年超重肥胖的具体措施应尽快制定,降低因儿童青少年超重肥胖所造成的社会经济负担。     

新疆地区汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族成年人群超重和肥胖流行病学调查

目的 了解新疆地区汉族、维吾尔(维)族、哈萨克(哈)族成年人超重、肥胖的流行特点及相关因素.方法 应用四阶段整群随机抽样法,于2007年6月至2010年3月在新疆抽取乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、阜康市、吐鲁番地区、和田地区、伊犁哈萨克族自治州年龄＞35岁样本,统计3个民族间不同民族组、不同年龄组、不同性别组人群的超重率和肥胖患病率,并进行相关因素分析.结果 6个地区共调查16 460人.汉族、维族、哈族总超重率标化后为36.1%,男性和女性超重率标化后分别为39.8%和27.2%.汉族、维族、哈族超重率标化后分别为41.4%、34.9%和32.8%,3个民族总肥胖患病率标化后为26.9%,男性和女性肥胖患病率标化后分别为27.2%和25.5%,汉族、维族、哈族肥胖患病率标化后分别为18.4%、28.9%和40.1%.新疆地区男性超重和肥胖患病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(x2=135.00,P＜0.05).不同民族人群的超重率和肥胖率不同,汉族人群超重率最高,哈族人群肥胖患病率最高(x2=338.232,P＜0.05);新疆地区超重率和肥胖率随年龄增加呈明显上升趋势,超重率在45～54岁达到高峰,肥胖率在55～64岁达到高峰(x=246.80,P＜0.05).年龄、民族、职业、教育程度、吸烟、饮酒是超重和肥胖的影响因素.结论 新疆地区超重率和肥胖患病率较高,且存在民族差异,汉族男性超重率最高,哈萨克族男性肥胖患病率最高.     

Obesity and elevated blood pressure among adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity and associated hypertension are major public health concerns globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and the associated risk of high blood pressure among Nigerian adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based study of 885 apparently healthy adolescents was performed. Weight, height and blood pressure (BP) were measured using standard methods. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized by age, sex and percentile. Obesity and overweight were defined as: [greater than or equal to] 95th and 85th to < 95th percentiles, respectively, for age, sex and height. Subjects were sub-categorized into age 10-13 years (A) and 14-17 years (B). The odds ratio for pre-hypertensive and hypertensive range BP by age and BMI were generated. Significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 13.8% and 9.4%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertensive range systolic BP and diastolic BP in obese subjects was 16% compared with 2.3% in normal BMI subjects (P = 0.00), and was 12.1% for females versus 6.4% in males (P = 0.27). The prevalence of hypertensive range diastolic BP was 15.2% in obese subjects versus 3.5% in normal subjects (P = 0.01), and 12% in females versus 1.4% in males (P = 0.00). BMI in group B was significantly associated with pre-hypertensive and hypertensive range systolic BP in overweight (P = 0.01, P = 0.002) and obese subjects (P = 0.00, P = 0.00) and with hypertensive range diastolic BP (P = 0.00) only in obese subjects. The only significant association in group A was between obesity and pre-hypertensive range diastolic BP (P = 0.00). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypertensive range BP among obese Nigerian adolescents was high. Screening for childhood obesity and hypertension, and long-term follow-up of obese adolescents into adulthood are recommended.     

1993-2009年7~18岁中国学龄儿童超重肥胖和腹型肥胖率变化趋势

【目的】 探讨1993-2009年7~18岁中国学龄儿童超重肥胖率和腹型肥胖率变化趋势。【方法】 选取1993、1997、2000、2004、2006和2009年“中国健康与营养调查”6次横断面调查数据,研究对象为7~18岁中国11 592名学龄儿童。研究内容包括性别、年龄、地区、身高、体重和腰围等。【结果】 7~18岁中国学龄儿童体质指数增加0.6 kg/m²(趋势P<0.001),腰围增加1 cm(趋势P<0.001);超重肥胖率从8.1%增加到18.0%(趋势P<0.001);腹型肥胖率从15.3%增加到28.9%(趋势P<0.001)。学龄儿童超重肥胖率及腹型肥胖率在不同性别、年龄及地区均显示出逐年增加的趋势(趋势P<0.001)。【结论】 17年来中国学龄儿童BMI、腰围、超重肥胖及腹型肥胖逐年增长,腹型肥胖的增加速度更为显著。因此,控制儿童肥胖迫在眉睫。     

北京市小学生进食行为与超重肥胖的关系

分析北京市三~五年级小学生进食行为与超重肥胖的关系,为儿童超重肥胖预防和控制提供依据.方法 采取整群抽样的方法,选取北京市某城区12所小学三~五年级的学生1 788名,测量身高、体重,计算身体质量指数(BMI),通过问卷调查了解学生的进食行为、膳食摄入频率、身体活动情况,分析进食行为与超重肥胖之间的关系.结果男生的超重肥胖率为47.8%,女生为25.6%,差异有统计学意义(x2=94.54,P<0.01);男生在家吃饭时用碗大小和进食速度分布与女生的差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为6.75,57.33,P值均<0.01).在Logistic回归模型中,控制年龄、性别、膳食评分、身体活动能量消耗值因素后,在家吃饭时用碗比大人小、吃饭速度比同班同性别的同学快是儿童超重肥胖的危险因素(OR值分别为1.55,2.50,95%CI=1.14~2.11,1.51~4.16).结论 小学生的用碗大小和吃饭速度快慢可能与超重肥胖有关.为预防和控制儿童超重肥胖,应提倡小学生和家长使用一样大小的碗,并减慢进食速度.     

北京市城区3～6岁儿童单纯性肥胖症近10年的流行趋势分析

【目的】了解北京市3～6岁儿童单纯性肥胖症的现状及变化情况,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。【方法】在北京市选择与1996年基本相同的城区和幼园所,并采用同样的方法,先初筛后,测量儿童的体重和身高值,根据WHO推荐的身高标准体重值进行诊断及分度,共调查7037名儿童。【结果】1996～2006年3～6岁儿童肥胖增长率为41.6%,以4～5、6～7岁增加明显,分别增长94.3%和112.3%,肥胖度的构成2006年比1996年轻度肥胖增多,中度肥胖减少,肥胖-超重比为2.04。男童增长率明显高于女童。【结论】3～6岁儿童单纯性肥胖症的流行形势严峻,其防治仍是今后工作的重点,应加强肥胖的健康教育。     

2000-2011年岳阳市云溪区城乡3～12岁儿童超重和肥胖检出情况分析

[目的]了解3～12岁儿童超重和肥胖的流行趋势,为制定学生肥胖防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]利用2000、2006、2011年岳阳市云溪区学生体质调研资料,分析并比较不同群体学生超重与肥胖检出情况。[结果]3～12岁学生超重率,2000年为2．20％,2006年为7．05％,2011年为11．13％（P〈0．01）;3～12岁学生肥胖率,2000年为0．85％,2006年为3．86％,2011年为6．16％（P〈0．01）。2011年,城镇男生、城镇女生、乡村男生、乡村女生的超重率分别为18．19％、13．77％、7．92％、4．59％（P〈0．01）,肥胖率分别为11．60％、7．79％、3．12％、2．08％（P〈0．01）;经济“优”、“良”、“差”片区超重率分别为5．48％、4．93％、5．81％（P〈0．05）,肥胖率分别为3．16％、2．51％、2．80％（P〈0．05）。[结论]云溪区3～12岁城乡儿童超重与肥胖率处于一般水平。     

2000～2011年岳阳市云溪区城乡3～12岁儿童超重和肥胖检出情况分析

[目的]了解3～12岁儿童超重和肥胖的流行趋势,为制定学生肥胖防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]利用2000、2006、2011年岳阳市云溪区学生体质调研资料,分析并比较不同群体学生超重与肥胖检出情况。[结果]3～12岁学生超重率,2000年为2.20%,2006年为7.05%,2011年为11.13%(P<0.01);3～12岁学生肥胖率,2000年为0.85%,2006年为3.86%,2011年为6.16%(P<0.01)。2011年,城镇男生、城镇女生、乡村男生、乡村女生的超重率分别为18.19%、13.77%、7.92%、4.59%(P<0.01),肥胖率分别为11.60%、7.79%、3.12%、2.08%(P<0.01);经济"优"、"良"、"差"片区超重率分别为5.48%、4.93%、5.81%(P<0.05),肥胖率分别为3.16%、2.51%、2.80%(P<0.05)。[结论]云溪区3～12岁城乡儿童超重与肥胖率处于一般水平。