餐饮业引发食源性疾病的主要危险因素

Objective To study main risk factors that cause foodborn diseases in food catering business.Methods Data from references and investigations conducted in food catering units were used to establish models which based on @ Risk 4.5 with Monte Carlo method referring to food handling practice model(FHPM)to make risk assessment on factors of food contamination in food catering units.The Beta-Poisson models on dose-response relationship to Salmonella(developed by WHO/FAO and United States Department of Agriculture)and Vibrio parahaemolyticus(developed by US FDA)were used in this article to analyze the dose-response relationship of pathogens.Results The average probability of food poisoning by consuming Salmonella contaminated cooked meat under refrigeration was 1.96×10-4 which was 1/2800 of the food under non-refrigeration(the average probability of food poisoning was 0.35 at room temperature 25℃).The average probability by consuming 6 hours stored meat under room temperature was 0.11 which was 16 times of 2 hours storage(6.79×10-3).The average probability by consuming contaminated meat without fully cooking was 1.71 X 10-4 which was 100 times of consuming fully cooked meat(1.88×10-6).The probability growth of food poisoning by consuming Vibrio parahaemolyticus contaminated fresh seafood was proportional with contamination level and prevalence.Condusion The primary contamination level,storage temperature and time,cooking process and cross contamination are important factors of catering food safety.     

餐饮业引发食源性疾病的主要危险因素

Objective To study main risk factors that cause foodborn diseases in food catering business.Methods Data from references and investigations conducted in food catering units were used to establish models which based on @ Risk 4.5 with Monte Carlo method referring to food handling practice model(FHPM)to make risk assessment on factors of food contamination in food catering units.The Beta-Poisson models on dose-response relationship to Salmonella(developed by WHO/FAO and United States Department of Agriculture)and Vibrio parahaemolyticus(developed by US FDA)were used in this article to analyze the dose-response relationship of pathogens.Results The average probability of food poisoning by consuming Salmonella contaminated cooked meat under refrigeration was 1.96×10-4 which was 1/2800 of the food under non-refrigeration(the average probability of food poisoning was 0.35 at room temperature 25℃).The average probability by consuming 6 hours stored meat under room temperature was 0.11 which was 16 times of 2 hours storage(6.79×10-3).The average probability by consuming contaminated meat without fully cooking was 1.71 X 10-4 which was 100 times of consuming fully cooked meat(1.88×10-6).The probability growth of food poisoning by consuming Vibrio parahaemolyticus contaminated fresh seafood was proportional with contamination level and prevalence.Condusion The primary contamination level,storage temperature and time,cooking process and cross contamination are important factors of catering food safety.     

散装熟肉制品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的定量风险评估

Objective To conduct a quantitative risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in bulk cooked meat products in China.Methods The data on the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products was from national foodborne disease surveillance network.involving a total of 841samples.All the samples were detected by a qualitative method and 97 samples among them were detected using a quantitative method.The intake data of cooked meats was from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and population data in the monitoring sites was collected from National Bureau of Statistics in 2008 to estimate the composition of the population of different ages.which would be the base ofassessing the probability of listeriosis in the different subpopulations.Using @ Risk software to estimate the risk of listeriosis caused by consuming deli meats for different subpopulation(0-4 years old,5-64 years old and 65 years and older)by quantitative risk assessments which involved hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization and conduct sensitivity analysis.Results The contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in the most of samples(96.08%.808/841)was less than 3 MPN/g(0.5 1g MPN/g),and the average concentration of Listeria monocytogenes was -0.61 1g CFU/g(90%CI:-1.22-0.46 1g CFU/g).Estimated servings of cooked meat consumption for 0-4,5-64 and 65 years and older were 5.52 × 109,8.99×1010.1.01×1010,respectively.Estimated number of cases(median)of listeriosis each year per million people caused by consuming cooked meats in young(0-4 years old),intermediate age(5-64 years old)and elderly(65 years and older)population were 5.53×10-2,1.72×10-4,7.57×10-3,respectively.Results of sensitivity analysis showed that contamination level at retail,serving size of cooked meats,storage time at home,storage temperature and ERG at 5 ℃ were positive factors for the risk of listeriosis(r value was 0.607,0.408,0.339,0.259,0.183 respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cooked meat products in bulk is a risk food,which could cause listeriosis.Contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products in bulk is the top risk factor for the listeriosis.     

散装熟肉制品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的定量风险评估

Objective To conduct a quantitative risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in bulk cooked meat products in China.Methods The data on the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products was from national foodborne disease surveillance network.involving a total of 841samples.All the samples were detected by a qualitative method and 97 samples among them were detected using a quantitative method.The intake data of cooked meats was from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and population data in the monitoring sites was collected from National Bureau of Statistics in 2008 to estimate the composition of the population of different ages.which would be the base ofassessing the probability of listeriosis in the different subpopulations.Using @ Risk software to estimate the risk of listeriosis caused by consuming deli meats for different subpopulation(0-4 years old,5-64 years old and 65 years and older)by quantitative risk assessments which involved hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization and conduct sensitivity analysis.Results The contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in the most of samples(96.08%.808/841)was less than 3 MPN/g(0.5 1g MPN/g),and the average concentration of Listeria monocytogenes was -0.61 1g CFU/g(90%CI:-1.22-0.46 1g CFU/g).Estimated servings of cooked meat consumption for 0-4,5-64 and 65 years and older were 5.52 × 109,8.99×1010.1.01×1010,respectively.Estimated number of cases(median)of listeriosis each year per million people caused by consuming cooked meats in young(0-4 years old),intermediate age(5-64 years old)and elderly(65 years and older)population were 5.53×10-2,1.72×10-4,7.57×10-3,respectively.Results of sensitivity analysis showed that contamination level at retail,serving size of cooked meats,storage time at home,storage temperature and ERG at 5 ℃ were positive factors for the risk of listeriosis(r value was 0.607,0.408,0.339,0.259,0.183 respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cooked meat products in bulk is a risk food,which could cause listeriosis.Contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products in bulk is the top risk factor for the listeriosis.     

散装熟肉制品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的定量风险评估

目的 对我国散装熟肉制品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌(简称单增李斯特菌)的风险进行定量评估.方法 单增李斯特菌污染熟肉制品资料来源于2009年全国食源性疾病监测网,共涉及841份样品,对所有的841份样品进行了定性检验,另对其中的97份样品进行了定量检测;熟肉制品摄入量资料来源于2002年中国居民营养与健康调查的结果;收集国家统计局2008年监测点地区人口资料,估算不同年龄人口构成,作为评估不同人群疾病概率的基数.采用@Risk软件,按照危害识别、危害特征描述、暴露评估、风险特征描述等4个步骤定量评估0-4、5～64及65岁以上人群消费散装熟肉制品患李斯特菌病的风险,同时进行敏感性分析.结果 96.08%(808/841)的样品中单增李斯特菌的量＜3 MPN/g(0.5 1g MPN/g),散装熟肉制品中单增李斯特菌浓度平均为-0.61 1g CFU/g,其90%可信区间为-1.22～0.46 1g CFU/g;推算我国0～4、5～64和65岁以上人群消费熟肉制品的份数分别为5.52×109、8.99×1010、1.01×1010;0～4、5～64及65岁以上人群消费散装熟肉制品每年引起每百万人患病的病例数的中位数分别为5.53×10-3、1.72×10-4、7.57×10-3.敏感性分析结果显示,零售时散装熟肉制品的污染情况、消费量、家庭贮存温度、家庭贮存时间及5℃的指数生长率与患病风险的关系均是正相关(r值分别为0.607、0.408、0.339、0.259、0.183,P值均＜0.05).结论 我国散装熟肉制品具有引起单增李斯特菌病的风险;零售时散装熟肉制品中单增李斯特菌的污染情况对风险的影响最大.

Abstract：

Objective To conduct a quantitative risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in bulk cooked meat products in China.Methods The data on the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products was from national foodborne disease surveillance network.involving a total of 841samples.All the samples were detected by a qualitative method and 97 samples among them were detected using a quantitative method.The intake data of cooked meats was from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and population data in the monitoring sites was collected from National Bureau of Statistics in 2008 to estimate the composition of the population of different ages.which would be the base ofassessing the probability of listeriosis in the different subpopulations.Using @ Risk software to estimate the risk of listeriosis caused by consuming deli meats for different subpopulation(0-4 years old,5-64 years old and 65 years and older)by quantitative risk assessments which involved hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization and conduct sensitivity analysis.Results The contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in the most of samples(96.08%.808/841)was less than 3 MPN/g(0.5 1g MPN/g),and the average concentration of Listeria monocytogenes was -0.61 1g CFU/g(90%CI:-1.22-0.46 1g CFU/g).Estimated servings of cooked meat consumption for 0-4,5-64 and 65 years and older were 5.52 × 109,8.99×1010.1.01×1010,respectively.Estimated number of cases(median)of listeriosis each year per million people caused by consuming cooked meats in young(0-4 years old),intermediate age(5-64 years old)and elderly(65 years and older)population were 5.53×10-2,1.72×10-4,7.57×10-3,respectively.Results of sensitivity analysis showed that contamination level at retail,serving size of cooked meats,storage time at home,storage temperature and ERG at 5 ℃ were positive factors for the risk of listeriosis(r value was 0.607,0.408,0.339,0.259,0.183 respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cooked meat products in bulk is a risk food,which could cause listeriosis.Contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products in bulk is the top risk factor for the listeriosis.     

2005年厦门市三起雪卡毒素中毒情况分析

目的 分析引发2005年厦门3起雪卡毒素中毒的原因及引发中毒的鱼种.方法 采集3起中毒案例中剩余的棕点石斑鱼及市场上其他深海鱼共7份,采用小鼠生物法、雪卡毒素免疫膜试剂盒测定雪卡毒素,同时提取中毒鱼肉组织中的mtDNA,采用PCR技术扩增细胞色素6(Cry b)部分序列片段并直接测序,将结果与CenBank数据库比对.结果 引发中毒的鱼肉中雪卡毒素检测呈阳性,小鼠生物实验毒性为0.11小鼠单位(MU)/g,提取的mtDNA扩增出475 bp大小的Cty b基因片段,与棕点石斑鱼(登录号 AY950695)的Cry b基因相似性达99%.其余6份样品均未检出雪卡毒素.结论 这3起中毒事件均是由于食用了含有雪卡毒素的棕点石斑鱼而引发的食物中毒.

Abstract：

Objective To find out the reason of three eiguatem fish poisoning cases in Xiaman in 2005 and identify the fish species.Methods The grouper implicated in food poisoning and seven other coral reef fishes collected from market were tested by mice bioassay and ciguatoxin-test kit.The mtDNA was extracted from toxic grouper meat,and Cty b gene segment was amplified and the PCR products were sequenced.The sequences were compared with those in the GenBank.Results The result turned out to be positive by the ciguatoxin-test kit,while the toxicity of the toxic grouper implicated in food poisoning was 0.11 mouse unit(MU)/g by mice bioassay.A 475 bp segments of Cty b gene was amplified by PCR and the sequence was 99% homologous with Epinephelus fuscoguttatus(GenBank:AY950695).No ciguatoxin in six grouper species collected from market was detected.Conclusion All three food poisoning cases were caused by consumption of ciguatoxin-carrying groupers.     

某市市售畜肉类食品中多氯联苯污染水平研究

目的 了解某市市售畜肉类食品中多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染水平.方法 于2008年8-12月采集某市28件猪、牛、羊样品,参照美国国家环保局EPA1668A方法,利用索式抽提装置和FMS自动纯化系统分别对样品进行提取和净化,通过高分辨气相色谱-高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱仪(HRGC-HRMS)对样品中的多氯联苯进行检测分析,采用同位素稀释的定量内标法对样品中的12个二(噁)英类多氯联苯(dioxin-like PCBs)和6个指示性多氯联苯进行定性和定量分析.结果 牛肉、猪肉、羊肉中的18个多氯联苯化合物总含量分别为1 607.60、435.82、505.17 pg/g脂肪.其中,二(噁)英类PCBs含量分别为456.19、46.37、77.50 pg/g脂肪.指示性PCBs化合物含量分别为1 151.41、389.45、427.67pg/g脂肪.牛肉、猪肉、羊肉样品多氯联苯毒性当量(TEQ)中位数值分别为0.84、0.15、0.28 Pg/g脂肪.三类样品多氯联苯的TEQ(中位数值)均低于欧盟的行动标准限量值.在所有样品中PCB118均是对总PCBs含量贡献最大的化合物单体,而PCB126则是对毒性当量贡献最大的化合物单体.结论 在采集的28个样品中有6个样品超过了欧盟行动标准的限量值,说明该市市售畜肉类食品存在一定程度的污染,应该进行溯源研究和污染原因的排查,以保障食品安全.

Abstract：

Objective To investitgate the level of polychlorinated biphenyls in retail livestock meat.Methods Totally 28samples of three kinds of meat including of beef,pork and mutton were collected during Aug-Dec.,2008.Twelve dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls(DL-PCBs)and six marker PCBs were extracted by Soxhlet extractor,cleaned up by FMS and qualitative and quantitative analyzedsis by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry(HRGC/HRMS).Results Levels of total 18 compounds including of 12 DL-PCBs and indicator PCBs in beef,pork and mutton were1 607.60 Pg/g fat,435.82 pg/g fat,and 505.17 pg/g fat respectively,DL-PCBs concentration were 456.19 Pg/g fat,46.37 Pg/g fat and 77.50 pg/g fat respectively.Maker-PCBs concentration were 1 151.41 pg/g fat,389.45pg/g fat and 427.67 pg/g fat respectively.The levels of PCB toxicity equivalent(TEQ)(the median value)were:0.84 pg/g fat in beef,0.15 pg/g fat in pork,0.28 pg/g fat in mutton respectively.The TEQ concentration of PCB(median value)was lower than the EU action level limit value.In all samples,PCB118 was the greatest contributor to the total contaminated concentration,and PCB126 was the dominant contributor to toxicity equivalent(TEQ).Six of 28 samples exceeded the limit value of the EU action level.Conclusion The results show that PCBs contamination exists in a city from the six samples exceeding the EU standard limit.It should take measures to explore the cause of contamination of PCBs compounds and control the pollution in order to guarantee food safety effectively.     

二甲基甲酰胺作业工人皮肤污染量研究

Objective To establish a method for the determination of dimethylformamide(DMF) and investigate dermal contamination and absorption among workers occupationally exposed to DMF. Method 37 workers exposed to DMF were divided randomly into two groups. DMF was washed down by isopropyl alcohol in A group (16 workers) and water in B group(21 workers).Gas chromatography was used for the quantification of dermal contamination and N-methylformamide(NMF) in urine, correlative study was done between them. Results DMF could be detected in all samples in A group, but could not be detected in B group. The miscel-laneous peaks could be completely separated from the DMF peak in the sample spectrum, without matual in-ference. The highest degree of total dermal contamination was observed in wet spinning workshop[(2.84±1.31 ) ing], postprocessing workshop[(2.50±0.95) mg] and dry spinning workshop[( 1.95±0.61) mg] were lower. The respiratory cumulative exposure dosages were 351.3, 201.3 and 135.2 mg respectively. The average DMP concentration in air of the third printing processing workshop, the dry spirning workshop and the wet spinning workshop was 60.2, 89.6, 156.4 mg/m3 respectively, and the respiratory tract contamination in the workers of the three workshops were 135.2, 201.3 and 351.3 mg respectively. There was statistical independence between the quantification of total dermal contamination and NMF in urine (r=0.176,P>0.05). Conclusion Isopropyl alcohol is the effective washing solvent.When the concentration of DMF in workplace air is above the occupa-tional exposure limit, respiratory tract absorption is the principal pathway of DMF absorption,but dermal con-tamination of DMF should not be ignored.     

Analysis on the trend of smoking prevalence and main causes of death of dead residents in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019CSCD

Objective To evaluate the change trend of smoking prevalence and the composition of main causes of death in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019. Methods The study was based on the data collected in the Tianjin All Cause of Death Surveillance System from 2010 to 2019. A total of 699 372 cases were included in the study. The smoking prevalence, ex‑smoking and never smoking prevalence were calculated according to different death years and gender. The proportion of smoking status was calculated according to the year of birth and gender. The distribution of smokers dying of smoking related diseases were calculated by different age‑group. The change trend of smoking rate was analyzed by Joinpoint regression 4.9.0.0 statistical software. The diseases that smokers died of were expressed by proportion. Results From 2010 to 2019, the smoking rate of dead residents decreased from 28.7% to 21.4%, and the average annual change percentage (AAPC) was -3.0% (95%CI: -3.9%, -2.2%). The same trend was shown in dead residents of different genders. The proportion of ex‑smokers showed an upward trend, from 10.5% in 2010 to 14.7% in 2019; The proportion of light smokers increased with the postponement of birth year. The proportion of light smokers born at and before year 1950 was 14.7%, while the proportion of light smokers born at and after year 1981 was as high as 85.9%; the proportion of heavy smokers decreased with the year of birth. Lung cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the main causes of death of smokers and quitters. 13.86% of quitters died of lung cancer, which was slightly lower than that of smokers (16.39%) and significantly higher than that of non‑smokers (5.55%). With the increase of smoking degree, the proportion of smokers who died of lung cancer also increased gradually, from 9.19% to 19.11%. Conclusions From 2010 to 2019, the smoking prevalence of dead residents in Tianjin shows a downward trend, which is consistent with the change trend of the overall smoking prevalence of residents in Tianjin. Lung cancer, acute myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease rank among the top three causes of death among smokers. © 2021 Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. All rights reserved.     

一起布利丹沙门菌食物中毒的调查

目的 查明导致本次食物中毒事件的食物种类、致病因子及传染源.方法 在临床诊断病例中,随机抽取50例作为病例组,随机选择参加宴席且无任何临床症状的50人作为对照组,开展病例对照研究,并分析导致本次事件的危险食物.结果 本次食物中毒的罹患率为43.4%(132/304),86.0%(43/50)的病例和34.0%(17/50)的对照食用过猪头肉凉拌粉条(OR=12.0,95%CI:4.4～32),进一步对食用过猪头肉凉拌粉条者分析其剂量反应关系,趋势x2=21.06,P=0.00.94.0%(47/50)的病例和68.0%(34/50)的对照食用过蘑菇炖鸡(OR=7.4,95%CI:2.0～27),不存在剂量反应关系.病例组和对照组食用其余食物的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).对猪头肉凉拌粉条和蘑菇炖鸡与发病之间的关系进行叉生分析,以两种食物均未食用者作为参照,结果 表明,单食用两种食物之一者发病危险度的点值估计均升高,但差异均无统计学意义;而两种食物均食用者发病风险大大增加(OR=38,95%CI:4.5～320),差异有统计学意义.19份标本检测肠道致病菌中3份病例肛拭子和1份猪头肉凉拌粉条检出布利丹沙门菌.结论 该事件是因参加宴席的人食用被布利丹沙门菌污染的猪头肉凉拌粉条或蘑菇炖鸡引起的细菌性食物中毒,其原因可能为食品加工过程不规范所致.

Abstract：

objective To identify the bacterial pathogen in food and the source of infection that might be responsible for a food poisoning outbreak.Methods All the probable cases that had attended the banquet in a villige of Sichuan province who had developed fever(≥37.5℃),diarrhea (≥3 times/dav)and vomiting since August 1,2009,were identified.A case-control study was conducted to identify the foods that might be responsible for this food poisoning event.50 cases were randomly selected from the probable cases and 50 controls were randomly selected from those without the symptoms.Results The attack rate of this food poisoning event was 43.4%(132/304).86.0%(43/50)of the cases and 34.0%(17/50)of the controls had eaten pork-mixed-vermicelli(OR=12.0,95%CI:4.4-32).Data from further tests showed that dose-effect relation existing between eating pork mixing vermicelli behavior and the incidence rates(Chi-square trend:x2=21.06,P=0.00)of the disease.94.0%(47/50)of the cases and 68.0%(34/50)of the controls had eaten mushroom braising chicken(OR=7.4.95%CI:2.0-27).Data from the crossover analysis showed that there appeared an effect modification between behaviors of eating pork-mixed-vermicelli and eating mushroom braising chicken.Three cases were detected carrying Salmonella blegdam from their anus swabs and the same bacteria type was also detected in the pork-mixed-vermicelli. Conclusion This outbreak of salmonellosis was caused by Salmonella blegdam contaminated pork-mixed-vermicelli or mushroom braising chicken during food processing.     

2006—2010年许昌市细菌性食物中毒分析

目的了解许昌市近年来细菌性食物中毒发生概况,尤其是流行特征及实验室检测情况,为食物中毒的判定、治疗、预防和控制提供依据。方法根据GB/T 4789标准和常规食物中毒检验程序操作,对疑似食物中毒的样品进行检验。结果 5年共发生疑似食物中毒事件59起,送检标本574份;其中38起检出致病菌,检出致病菌69株。由单一致病菌引起的食物中毒35起,由混合菌株引起的食物中毒3起。共检出致病菌6种,检出率最高的是沙门菌(25.42%),其次是副溶血性弧菌(13.56%),变形杆菌(10.17%)。各菌对样品的污染情况是:沙门菌以污染肉类为主,副溶血性弧菌以污染水产品为主,变形杆菌以污染肉类和米菜为主。发生细菌性食物中毒的场所以餐饮业最多,其次是学校餐厅。结论该市细菌性食物中毒以沙门菌和副溶血性弧菌为主,多发生在第3和第2季度,应重点加强餐饮业和学校食堂的卫生监管工作,预防和减少细菌性食物中毒的发生。     

常见餐饮食品原料中沙门菌的定量风险评估

目的 为了控制餐饮食品食源性疾病的发生,对餐饮食品原料中沙门菌进行了定量风险评估.方法 采用国家食源性疾病监测网2004年获得的常见9类共10 896份食品中沙门菌污染数据,参考国际食品法典委员和美国农业部建立的即食肉制品中沙门菌致病的剂量-反应关系模型,根据我国居民营养调查数据获得的被评估食品的每日摄入量,对食品污染沙门菌后,人群发生疾病的致病概率进行了评估和预测.结果 评估结果表明,夏秋季节熟肉制品导致沙门菌中毒的致病概率约为0.20,远远高于生肉制品;尽管禽肉的污染水平高于畜肉,但是由于消费量和阳性率的影响,其致病概率为9.11×10-6,低于畜肉(3.14×10-5),均非常低.结论 沙门菌污染食品导致的食源性疾病的发生概率最终取决于食品的膳食消费量和入口前致病菌的繁殖水平,发病率与季节、经济发展水平有明显的相关关系.     

深圳市福田区副溶血性弧菌食物中毒流行病学特征分析

目的为了解深圳市福田区近年来副溶血性弧菌食物中毒暴发情况、流行趋势及其影响因素,降低食源性疾病的风险。方法收集辖区为2006—2009年食物中毒的档案资料,进行流行病学和统计学分析。结果2006—2009年,共确诊副溶血性弧菌食物中毒24起,中毒人数共115人。中毒全部发生在5—12月,发病高峰季节为7—10月。人口密度与中毒起数没有明显的相关性,食物中毒集中发生在集体食堂,中毒食物以凉拌菜和熟肉为主,发生原因主要是生熟交叉污染,引起食中毒的血清型别主要以O3:K6为主。结论该区副溶血性弧菌食物中毒有明显的季节性,加强集体食堂的卫生管理是预防食物中毒的工作重点。     

四川省食品中重要食源性病原菌污染监测与分析

[目的]了解四川省主要食品中弯曲杆菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌、O157大肠杆菌、沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌5种食源性致病菌的污染状况,为食品安全预警和预防食物中毒提供科学依据。[方法]在四川省5个地区抽检生畜(禽)肉、水产品、熟肉制品、生食蔬菜、速冻米面5类食物样品共929份,依据国标法和特定新方法,运用API卡和VITEK32全自动微生物分析系统对样品进行病原菌分离、鉴定。[结果]从929份样品中共检出180株病原菌,总检出率为19.4%,其中弯曲杆菌17株,检出率9.0%,单核细胞增生性李斯特菌130株,检出率14.0%,O157大肠杆菌17株,检出率2.5%,沙门菌5株,检出率0.7%,副溶血性弧菌11株,检出率5.7%;5类食品中病原菌阳性率最高的是水产品(35.8%),其次为生畜(禽)肉(26.1%),第3为熟肉制品(9.4%)。[结论]四川地区居民主要消费食品中存在着较为严重的食源性病原菌污染,其中水产品和生畜(禽)肉是主要的污染食品;单核细胞增生性李斯特菌在冷冻(藏)禽肉和水产品中污染严重,分别为47.5%和28.5%,在直接入口的熟肉制品中单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的污染率达到8.8%。应进一步加强食源性病原菌的监测和研究。     

2011—2012年上海市食品中食源性致病菌的监测结果分析

[目的]了解上海市食品中沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌O157∶H7、副溶血性弧菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌的污染状况,提高我市食源性疾病检测、预警和控制能力,为食物中毒监测提供科学依据。[方法]依据GB4789食品卫生检验方法微生物学部分对样本进行检测。[结果]检测2011—2012年禽畜肉类、非生食性水产品、生食水产品和熟食类制品共2 568件,共检出食源性致病菌401株,总检出率为15.6%。其中禽畜类的沙门菌检出率为9.0%,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为6.8%,大肠埃希菌O157∶H7未检出;非生食水产品的沙门菌检出率为1.3%,副溶血性弧菌检出率为21.4%;生食水产品的副溶血性弧菌检出率为5.0%,单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出率为1.2%;熟食类的金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为11.5%,单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出率为8.3%,沙门菌未检出。[结论]2011—2012年上海市居民四大类主要食品存在食源性致病菌污染的情况,其中非生食水产品副溶血性弧菌株的污染情况较为严重,熟食类制品金黄色葡萄球菌的污染情况较为严重,而禽畜肉类为沙门菌污染较重。     

食品中食源性病原菌污染现况研究

目的了解龙湾区食品中食源性病原菌污染状况和污染水平,开展食品的危险性评估和管理。方法采用国标（GB/T 4789—2008）方法,对采集的样品分别进行沙门菌、单增李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌的分离培养及鉴定。结果采集的340份样品检出52株病原菌,总检出率为15.29%,其中副溶血性弧菌为8.24%,金黄色葡萄球菌为8.82%,沙门菌为2.06%,单增李斯特菌为1.47%。结论龙湾区市售食品中存在食源性病原菌的污染,副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,金黄色葡萄球菌污染次之。应加强食品卫生管理,减少食源性疾病的发生。     

一起酒店聚餐引起的食物中毒调查分析

目的 调查引起食物中毒事件的原因和可疑危险因素,为减少类似事件发生提供建议。方法 通过流行病学调查确定事件性质,查找可疑食物,通过卫生学调查发现可能的污染环节及因素,采集可疑食物和病例等标本进行实验室检测,判定可能致病因素。结果 本次事件共发生病例35例,症状主要为腹泻、腹痛等。2个病例粪便检出血清型为O3K6的副溶血性弧菌。结合病例对照研究结果和实验室检测结果推测可疑食物为蒿菜、越香蒸宝蟹2个菜肴。结论 该事件为一起副溶血性弧菌食物中毒事件,加工环节中的交叉污染为可能的危险因素。建议食品安全监管部门应进一步加强对餐饮业的管理,在食物加工环节上要督促规范操作,控制风险。     

深圳市福田区副溶血性弧菌食物中毒的流行病学特征

目的了解深圳市福田区副溶血性弧菌食物中毒的流行病学特征,为该类食物中毒的预防控制提供依据。方法查阅2007年以来副溶血性弧菌食物中毒的档案资料,副溶血性弧菌食物中毒样品的分离根据国标GB/T 4789.7-2003进行,用GNID革兰阴性菌鉴定板进行生化鉴定,用血清玻片凝集实验进行血清学分型,用法国梅里埃ATB Fungs酵母菌药敏反应板进行药敏实验。结果副溶血性弧菌食物中毒主要发生在8、9月,中毒食物以凉拌菜和未彻底加热的熟肉食品为主。血清型主要以O3∶K6型为主,占50.0%。副溶血性弧菌对氨苄西林(AMP)、替卡西林(TIC)、头孢唑啉(KZ)的耐药率分别为61.5%、50.0%和42.3%。结论要重点防制O3∶K6型副溶血性弧菌食物中毒,在治疗时应合理用药。     

阜阳市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染情况调查

目的了解阜阳市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染状况,为有效防治食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法按照“全国食源性疾病监测网2007年度工作手册”检测技术要求提供的检测方法和GB4789-2,3,9中的国家标准方法,对食品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌（L.m）、大肠杆菌O157：H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、空肠弯曲菌进行分离鉴定。结果9大类129份食品样中,共检出食源性致病菌32株,总检出率24.81%（32/129）。检出金黄色葡萄球菌18株,检出率90.00%（18/20）;沙门菌3株,检出率为2.32%（3/129）;检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌4株,检出率为3.67%（4/109）;大肠杆菌O157：H71株,检出率为1.51%（1/66）;动物性水产品检出副溶性弧菌4株,检出率为40.00%（4/10）;空肠弯曲菌检出2株,检出率为20.00%（2/10）。结论阜阳市居民主要消费食品中存在食源性致病菌污染,生奶、生肉、市售熟肉、蔬菜是主要污染食品品种。应有针对性防范和控制各类食品致病菌的污染,防止食源性疾病暴发。     

Quantitative microbiological risk assessment of Salmonella spp. in connmmon catering foods

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between foodborne diseases (FBD) and contamination of Salmonella spp. in catering foods, quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) of Salmonella spp. was used to evaluate the food material or the ready to eat food. METHODS: The contamination data of Salmonella spp. in 10 896 food samples of 9 categories of food which were collected by National Food Contamination and Food Borne Disease Surveillance Net, combining with diet consumption data from National Food Nutrition Survey in 2002, were analyzed by the microbiological risk assessment model developed by WHO/FAO or FDA/FSIS of US to predict probability of FBD. RESULTS: The results of MRA showed that the probability of salmonellosis by consuming ready to eat meat in summer and autumn was 0.20, much higher than the other foods. Although the contamination level in raw poultry was higher than meat, the probability of salmonellosis by raw poultry (9.11 x 10(-6)) was lower than meat (3.14 x 10(-5)) because of the low consumption volume. CONCLUSION: Probability of FBD was significantly correlated with the volume of food consumption, the status of economy and bacteria contamination level. The level of FBD in summer season was higher than in winter and spring because of ambient temperature.