肝硬化患者非O1非O139型霍乱弧菌败血症

目的分析非O1非O139型霍乱弧菌感染的肝硬化败血症患者的临床和实验室特点。方法回顾调查病人的临床基本情况、原发病、实验室结果、治疗和预后;BacT/Alert全自动血培养微生物检测仪培养病人全血标本,用VITEK仪器鉴定细菌。药敏试验根据CLSI(2005)规定,K-B药敏纸片测定法进行。结果3例患者均为肝硬化病人;感染发生在夏季;经左氧氟沙星、加替沙星或联用头孢曲松治疗后痊愈。结论非O1非O139型霍乱弧菌败血症推荐使用头孢三代或氟喹诺酮类抗生素治疗。     

A case of liver abscess and bacteremia caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 have caused several well-studied food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis and also have been responsible for sporadic cases of otitis media, wound infection, and bacteremia. Few cases of liver abscess caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 have been reported. A 73-year-old man with underlying diabetes mellitus was admitted with nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia and febrile sensation. We identified Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in his blood cultures and multiple hepatic microabscess on abdominal computed tomography. He was treated with systemic antibiotics and fluid therapy, but died due to septic shock on sixth day. We report here, a case of liver abscess with bacteremia due to Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in a patient with diabetes mellitus.     

Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enterocolitis caused by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae infection: A case report

Rationale:Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enterocolitis (AHNE) is a rapidly progressive and extremely dangerous disease. Here we report a rare case caused by Vibrio cholerae (V cholerae).Patient concerns:A 70-year-old man was admitted to our emergency department because of a sudden loss of consciousness.Diagnoses:On admission with severe toxic shock, the patient presented with elevated body temperature, decreased blood pressure, abdominal tenderness and rebound pain, predominantly on the right side. Computed tomography showed swelling and thickening of the right colon and peritoneal effusion. Necrosis was found in the hepatic flexure of the colon. On the basis of these results, the patient was diagnosed with AHNE.Interventions and outcomes:After fluid resuscitation, an exploratory laparotomy was performed immediately. The procedure was successful. Despite antibiotic therapy, the patient''s clinical condition progressively deteriorated and he died of multi-organ failure on day 3 after admission.Lessons:AHNE is a rapidly progressive and extremely dangerous disease. Here we report a case of AHNE caused by non-O1/non-O139 V cholerae infection. The clinical features, phenotypic analyses and the presence of a panel of known virulence genes in the isolated strain are described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of V cholerae causing severe AHNE, which is of profound pedagogical significance.     

Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 bacteraemia associated with pneumonia,Italy 2016

This paper describes an elderly male patient, living in the Veneto Region, Italy, who developed Vibrio cholerae bacteraemia and pneumonia. Some days previously, while on holiday in the Lagoon of Venice, he had been collecting clams in seawater, during which he suffered small abrasions of the skin. On admission to hospital, he was confused, had fever and a cough, but neither diarrhoea nor signs of gastroenteritis were found. Both blood and stool cultures grew V. cholerae of non-O1 non-O-139 type, and the patient recovered after prompt administration of intravenous ceftriaxone for 2 weeks. This clinical case emphasises the role of global warming and climate changes in causing increasing numbers of water-borne infections.     

A case of a sudden death from Vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis

A 46-year-old male patient with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver was carried to our out-patient clinic as he had developed shock while under routine follow-up, and died on the way to the hospital. He had been admitted several times since the diagnosis eight years ago, and was finally discharged from the hospital six weeks ago with improved physical condition and laboratory findings. A vesicle and bulla formation with phlegmon on the skin of right leg and sole of foot was noticed. Vibrio vulnificus was detected from the purulent discharge of the skin on culture. We conclude that the patient developed V. vulnificus-septicemia which resulted in sudden death. Since V. vulnificus infection may frequently take a fulminant course in patients with liver cirrhosis, adequate measures should be taken for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent the fatal outcome.     

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 infection presenting as localized cellulitis

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 characteristically causes gastrointestinal illness but can occasionally be responsible for extra-intestinal infections. The authors report an unusual case of a man presenting with extensive cellulitis that did not improve with conventional antimicrobial therapy. Vibrio cholerae non-O1 was later isolated from a cutaneous bulla. Although he had severe hepatic cirrhosis, the infection remained confined to the cutaneous tissues and he was never bacteremic. He improved dramatically with surgical debridement in conjunction with antibiotics. It is important to consider Vibrio cholerae non-O1 as a cause of cellulitis, especially in endemic areas.     

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 infection in cirrhotics: case report and literature review

Abstract: Vibrio species are ubiquitous in the marine environment and can cause severe infections in cirrhotic patients. Patients with liver disease should be warned about the potential dangers of consuming raw or undercooked seafood, and avoiding exposure of wounds to seawater. We report a case of severe sepsis from Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in a patient with cirrhosis awaiting orthotopic liver transplant. This case is aimed to advise clinicians about the importance of V. cholerae subtypes, and non-cholera Vibrio species infections in cirrhotic patients, highlighting the need to educate these patients to stay away from undercooked seafood.     

The characterization of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strain causing perforative pan-peritonitis

We report a case of a 53-year-old male with Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (serotype O19) infection, resulting in perforative pan-peritonitis. The patient had a history of gastric cancer and a gastrectomy was performed one year prior. The patient had previously been admitted with nausea and vomiting and was diagnosed with a sub-ileus condition. He was provisionally discharged when his condition improved and during that period he ate raw fish caught locally in Nagasaki Prefecture, and several hours later he experienced a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and nausea and on diagnosis of pan-peritonitis an emergency resection of the transverse colon was performed. We subsequently isolated Vibrio cholerae non-O1 from the patient's peritoneal fluid and stool. He died of multiple organ failure three weeks later despite intensive chemotherapeutic care and treatment for shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The strain of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolated was non-toxigenic but hemolytic with hyper-producing of metalloprotease.     

Septicemia due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup non-O1/non-O139 strain in a cirrhotic patient

We describe a case of non-O1/ non-O139?Vibrio cholerae septicemia in a 65-year-old male patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. He was admitted due to septic shock from non-O1/ non-O139 V. cholerae. An intravenous empiric antibiotic, ceftriaxone sodium hydrate, was administered together with amikacin sulfate, gamma globulin and dopamine. He was discharged feeling well 17?days after admission. Poor host defense mechanisms as seen in cirrhotic patients seem to be a determinant for systemic infection of non-O1/ non-O139 V. cholerae. Such patients should be warned and educated against eating raw or undercooked seafood to avoid the occurrence of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae septicemia.     

云南省非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌分子特征分析

目的非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌能够引起人类急性腹泻性疾病,但与O1群和O139群相比,人们往往容易忽视其危害性。因此,我们对分离于云南省的31株非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌开展了分子特征分析。方法采用纸片法(K-B)开展抗生素敏感试验;多聚酶链反应(PCR)扩增检测毒力基因;同时,我们对菌株进行了脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)和多位点序列分析(MLST)分子分型研究。结果药敏实验结果显示,67.74%的菌株对利福平耐药,对萘啶酸和复方新诺明的耐药率为29.03%,所有的菌株对庆大霉素和环丙沙星敏感;PCR结果显示,所有菌株的ompW基因为阳性,87.10%的菌株hly基因为阳性,25.81%的菌株rstREl tor为阳性,16.13%的菌株rstRClassical和tcpAEl tor为阳性,而CT、rfbO1和rfbO139基因全为阴性;PFGE结果显示,31株非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌呈现出高度的离散趋势,几乎没有相同带型的菌株出现;在MLST结果分析中,发现了1个gyrB新的等位基因,mdh基因发现了4个新的等位基因,metE基因发现了6个新的等位基因,pntA中发现了2个新的等位基因,purM中发现了3个新等位基因,pyrC中发现了4个新等位基因。经过排列组合后,共发现了17个新的霍乱弧菌ST型别(ST273-ST289)。结论非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌呈现出高度的多样性特征,同时,云南省的非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌具有一定的地域特点,丰富了现有的霍乱弧菌分子分型数据库。     

Water quality and isolation of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 from an aquatic environment

According to reports hitherto on the isolation of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 from the environment, environmental conditions at the time of detection differ depending on whether isolation is from the sea or rivers. We based this study on two rivers of differing water quality and studied the trend of a bacteria indicator to observe the conditions of existence of V. cholerae non-O1. 1) It was thought that V. cholerae non-O1 did not flow from the land or other areas of pollution but existed at those points in the river from which they were isolated. 2) The proportion of V. cholerae non-O1 isolated was higher for the river with a higher degree of water pollution and higher in areas of high pollution in both rivers. 3) In rivers with a low degree of pollution or having a small range in water quality, an increase in Cl- and PO4(3-) ions, or an increase in the number of bacteria grown on nutrient agar medium at 37 degrees C for 24 hours appears to increase the frequency of isolation of V. cholerae non-O1. 4) Approximately 13% of the samples of isolated V. cholerae non-O1 exhibited the cholera enterotoxin strain.     

Genomic characterization of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae reveals genes for a type III secretion system

Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae can cause gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections, but, unlike O1 and O139 strains of V. cholerae, little is known about the virulence gene content of non-O1, non-O139 strains and their phylogenetic relationship to other pathogenic V. cholerae. Comparative genomic microarray analysis of four pathogenic non-O1, non-O139 strains indicates that these strains are quite divergent from O1 and O139 strains. Genomic sequence analysis of a non-O1, non-O139 strain (AM-19226) that appeared particularly pathogenic in experimental animals suggests that this strain carries a type III secretion system (TTSS) that is related to the TTSS2 gene cluster found in a pandemic clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The genes for this V. cholerae TTSS system appear to be present in many clinical and environmental non-O1, non-O139 strains, including at least one clone that is globally distributed. We hypothesize that the TTSS present in some pathogenic strains of non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae may be involved in the virulence and environmental fitness of these strains.